Shanduko mumucheche pakuzvarwa

Shanduko mumwana achangozvarwa dzinoreva shanduko dzinoitwa nemuviri wemucheche kuenderana nehupenyu kunze kwedumbu.

MAGUNGWA, MWOYO, NEZVINHU ZVEROPA

Rukuvhute rwaamai rwunobatsira mwana "kufema" achiri kukura mudumbu. Oxygen uye kabhoni dhayokisaidhi inoyerera kuburikidza neropa mune iyo placenta. Yakawanda yacho inoenda pamoyo uye inoyerera nemuviri wemwana.

Pakuberekwa, mapapu emwana anozadzwa nemvura. Havafemerwi. Mwana anotora mweya wekutanga mukati memasekondi gumi mushure mekusununguka. Kufema uku kunonzwika kunge kufema, sezvo sisitimu yepakati yemwana achangozvarwa inochinja nekukasira shanduko yetembiricha uye nharaunda.

Kana mwana angotora mweya wekutanga, shanduko dzinoverengeka dzinoitika mumapapu emucheche uye sisitimu yekutenderera:

• Kuwedzera kweokisijeni mumapapu kunokonzera kuderera kweropa kuyerera kumapapu.
• Kuyerera kweropa kuramba kwemitsipa yeropa yemwana kunowedzerawo.
• Mvura inoyerera kana inosvinwa kubva kune yekufema system.
• Mapapu anofutidza uye anotanga kushanda ega, achifambisa okisijeni muropa uye kubvisa carbon dioxide nekufema (mweya).

KUPENYA KWEMuviri

Mwana ari kukura anoburitsa zvakapetwa kaviri zvakapetwa nevakuru. Hushoma hwekupisa hunobviswa kuburikidza neganda remwana riri kukura, iyo amniotic fluid, uye mudhuri wechibereko.

Mushure mekusununguka, mwana achangoberekwa anotanga kurasikirwa nemhepo. Vanogamuchira paganda remwana vanotumira mameseji kuuropi kuti muviri wemwana unotonhora. Muviri wemwana unogadzira kupisa nekupisa zvitoro zvemafuta akatsvukuruka, mhando yemafuta anowanikwa mumucheche nemucheche chete. Vacheche havangoonekwe kubvunda.

LIVER

Mucheche, chiropa chinoshanda senzvimbo yekuchengetera shuga (glycogen) uye iron. Kana mwana achizvarwa, chiropa chine mabasa akasiyana siyana:

• Inogadzira zvinhu zvinobatsira iro ropa kugwamba.
• Inotanga kuputsa marara zvigadzirwa senge yakawandisa masero matsvuku eropa.
• Inogadzira protein inobatsira kuputsa bilirubin. Kana muviri wemwana ukasatyora zvakanaka bilirubin, zvinogona kutungamira kune wachangobva kuberekwa jaundice.

GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

Dumbu remucheche remucheche harinyatso shanda kusvikira aberekwa.

Mukunonoka kubata pamuviri, mwana anoburitsa tarry girini kana dema tsvina tsvina inonzi meconium. Meconium izita rekurapa rezvituru zvekutanga zvemucheche achangozvarwa. Meconium inoumbwa neamniotic fluid, mamasi, lanugo (iro bvudzi rakanaka rinovhara muviri wemwana), bile, uye maseru akadeurwa kubva paganda nemudumbu. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mwana anodarika zvituru (meconium) achiri mukati mechibereko.

URINARY SYSTEM

Itsvo dzemwana dzichiri kusimukira dzinotanga kuburitsa weti nemavhiki mapfumbamwe kusvika gumi nemaviri mudumbu. Mushure mekuzvarwa, mwana achangoberekwa anowanzo weti mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana ekutanga ehupenyu. Itsvo dzinove dzinokwanisa kuchengetedza muviri wemvura uye electrolyte bhalansi.

Chiyero chinosvinwa neropa kuburikidza neitsvo (glomerular filtration rate) chinowedzera zvakanyanya mushure mekuzvarwa uye mumavhiki maviri ekutanga ehupenyu. Zvakadaro, zvinotora nguva kuti itsvo dzisimuke kuti dzikurumidze. Vacheche vanozvarwa vane hushoma kugona kubvisa yakawandisa munyu (sodium) kana kuisa pfungwa kana kudzikisira weti ichienzaniswa nevakuru. Iko kugona kunovandudzika nekufamba kwenguva.

IMMUNE SYSTEM

Ma immune immune anotanga kukura mumwana, uye anoramba achikura kuburikidza nemakore ekutanga emwana ehupenyu. Chibereko inzvimbo isina hutachiona. Asi kana mwana achangozvarwa, ivo vanoratidzirwa kune akasiyana mabhakitiriya uye zvimwe zvinogona kukonzera zvirwere. Kunyangwe vacheche vachangozvarwa vari panjodzi yekutapukirwa, immune system yavo inogona kupindura kune hutachiona hutachiona.

Vacheche vanotakura mamwe maantibhakitiriya kubva kuna amai vavo, ayo anopa kudzivirira kubva kuhutachiona. Kuyamwisa kunobatsirawo kugadzirisa hutachiona hwemwana achangozvarwa.

GANDA

Ganda richangozvarwa richasiyana zvichienderana nehurefu hwepamuviri. Vacheche vasati vazvarwa vane ganda rakatetepa, rakajeka. Ganda remucheche-wenguva yakazara mucheche rakakora.

Unhu hweganda richangozvarwa:

• Bvudzi rakanaka rinonzi lanugo rinogona kuvhara ganda remucheche, kunyanya muvana vasati vasvika. Bvudzi rinofanira kutsakatika mukati memavhiki ekutanga ehupenyu hwemwana.
• Chinhu chakobvu, chine wax chinonzi vernix chinogona kuvhara ganda. Chinhu ichi chinochengetedza mwana paanenge achiyangarara muamniotic fluid mudumbu. Vernix inofanira kusuka panguva yekugeza kwekutanga kwemwana.
• Ganda rinogona kunge riri kutsemuka, kupenda, kana kupenya, asi izvi zvinofanirwa kuvandudza nekufamba kwenguva.

Kuzvarwa - shanduko mumwana achangozvarwa

• Meconium

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Olsson JM. Achangoberekwa. Mune: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Chinyorwa chePediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 21.

Rozance PJ, Wright CJ. The neonate. Mune: Landon MB, Galan HL, Jauniaux ERM, et al, eds. Obstetrics yaGabbe: Yakajairika uye Dambudziko Pamuviri. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: chitsiko 23.