Zvokudya zvakagadzirwa nemajini

Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi (GE) zvekudya zvakave nemaDNA avo akachinjwa vachishandisa majeni kubva kune zvimwe zvirimwa kana mhuka. Masayendisiti anotora geni rehunhu hunodiwa mune chimwe chirimwa kana mhuka, uye vanoisa iro geni muchitokisi cheimwe chirimwa kana mhuka.

Genetic engineering inogona kuitwa nemiti, mhuka, kana bhakitiriya uye zvimwe zvidiki zvidiki. Genetic engineering inobvumira masayendisiti kufambisa magene anodiwa kubva kune mumwe chirimwa kana mhuka kuenda kune imwe. Magen'a anogona zvakare kutamiswa kubva kumhuka kuenda kumuti kana zvinopesana. Rimwe zita reizvi zvipenyu zvakagadziridzwa, kana maGMO.

Maitiro ekugadzira zvekudya zveGE akasiyana nekusarudzika kwekusarudza. Izvi zvinosanganisira kusarudza zvirimwa kana mhuka dzine hunhu hunodiwa uye kudzirera. Nekufamba kwenguva, izvi zvinoguma nezvizvarwa zvine hunhu hunodiwa.

Rimwe rematambudziko nekusarudzika kwekusika ndeyekuti zvinogona zvakare kukonzera hunhu husingadiwe. Genetic engineering inobvumira masayendisiti kusarudza rimwe chete jeni kuti riiswe. Izvi zvinodzivirira kuunza mamwe majini ane hunhu husingadiwe. Genetic engineering inobatsirawo kumhanyisa maitiro ekugadzira chikafu chitsva nehunhu hwaunoda.

Izvo zvinokwanisika mabhenefiti ejinijini anosanganisira:

• Zvimwe zvekudya zvinovaka muviri
• Chikafu chinonaka
• Zvirwere- uye kusanaya kwemvura zvinomera zvinoda mashoma zviwanikwa zviwanikwa (senge mvura nefotereza)
• Kushandiswa kushoma kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka
• Kuwedzerwa kupihwa kwechikafu nemutengo wakaderera uye hupenyu hwakareba pasherefu
• Inokurumidza kukura zvirimwa nemhuka
• Chikafu chine hunhu hunodikanwa, senge mbatatisi dzinogadzira zvishoma zvinokonzeresa gomarara kana zvichinge zvakangwa
• Zvekudya zvekurapa zvinogona kushandiswa semishonga kana mimwe mishonga

Vamwe vanhu vakaratidza kunetseka nezve GE chikafu, senge:

• Kugadzirwa kwezvikafu zvinogona kukonzeresa kuti iite seyigiki kana chepfu
• Shanduko dzisingatarisirwi kana dzinokuvadza
• Kutamisirwa kusarongeka kwemajini kubva kune imwe GM chirimwa kana mhuka kune imwe chirimwa kana mhuka isina kuitirwa shanduko yekuchinja
• Zvikafu zvisina hutano

Izvi zvinonetsa kusvika parizvino zvisina hwaro. Hapana chimwe cheGE chikafu chinoshandiswa nhasi chakonzera chero eaya matambudziko. IU.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inoongorora zvese zveGE zvekudya kuona kuti zvakachengeteka vasati vatendera kuti zvitengeswe. Mukuwedzera kune FDA, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uye US Department of Agriculture (USDA) inogadzirisa michero nemhuka. Ivo vanoongorora kuchengetedzwa kweGE chikafu kune vanhu, mhuka, zvirimwa, uye nharaunda.

Ikotoni, chibage, uye soya ndiyo zvirimwa zvikuru zveGE zvinorimwa muUnited States. Mazhinji eaya anoshandiswa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvechimwe chikafu, senge:

• Chibage sosi inoshandiswa seinotapira mune zvakawanda zvekudya uye zvinwiwa
• Chibage starch chinoshandiswa mumuto uye sosi
• Soybean, chibage, uye mafuta eCanola anoshandiswa mune zvekudya zvekudya, chingwa, saradhi, uye mayonnaise
• Shuga kubva pashuga bhinzi
• Zvipfuyo zvekudya

Zvimwe zvikamu zvikuru zveGE zvinosanganisira:

• Maapuro
• Mapapaya
• Mbatatisi
• Squash

Iko hakuna mhedzisiro kubva kunodya GE chikafu.

IWorld Health Organisation, National Academy yeSainzi, nemamwe masangano makuru esainzi pasi rese akaongorora kutsvagiswa kwezvikafu zveGE uye havana kuwana humbowo hwekuti zvinokuvadza. Iko hakuna mishumo yekurwara, kukuvara, kana kukuvara kwezvakatipoteredza nekuda kweGE chikafu. Chikafu chinogadzirwa nemajini chakachengeteka sezvakangoita chikafu chinowanzoitika.

Dhipatimendi reUnited States rezvekurima richangotanga kuda kuti vagadziri vechikafu vaburitse ruzivo nezve chikafu chinogadzirwa biojini uye zvigadzirwa zvavo.

Bioengineered chikafu; GMOs; Zvikafu zvakagadziriswa

Hielscher S, Pies I, Valentinov V, Chatalova L. Kugadzirisa gakava reGMO: nzira yekuraira yekugadzirisa nhema dzekurima. Int J Environ Res Ruzhinji Hutano. 2016; 13 (5): 476. PMID: 27171102 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27171102/.

National Zvikoro zveSainzi, Injiniya, uye Mishonga. 2016. Zvibereko zvakagadzirwa nemajini: Zviitiko uye Tarisiro. Washington, DC: Iyo National Academies Press.

US Dhipatimendi Rezvekurima webhusaiti. Yenyika bioengineered chikafu chekuburitsa chiyero. www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/national-bioengineered-food-disclosure-standard. Inoshanda zuva: Kukadzi 19, 2019. Yakasvika Nyamavhuvhu 28, 2020.

US Chikafu neDrug Administration webhusaiti. Kunzwisisa mhando nyowani dzemiti. www.fda.gov/food/food-new-plant-variversity/consumer-info-about-food-genetically-engineered-plants. Yakagadziridzwa Kurume 2, 2020. Yakasvika Nyamavhuvhu 28, 2020.