Kutungamira muchetura

Mutungamiriri huturu hwakasimba kwazvo. Kana munhu akamedza chinhu chine mutobvu kana kufemera muguruva remutobvu, imwe chepfu inogona kugara mumuviri ikonzere zvinetso zvakakomba zvehutano.

Ichi chinyorwa ndechekuziva chete. Usashandise iyo kurapa kana kubata chaiyo pozi kuratidzwa. Kana iwe kana mumwe munhu wauinaye aine mukana wekufona, fonera yako yemunharaunda emergency emergency (yakadai se911), kana nzvimbo yemunharaunda yako ine chepfu inogona kusvikwa yakananga nekufonera iyo yenyika isingabhadhariswe Poison Rubatsiro nhare (1-800-222-1222) kubva chero kupi muUnited States.

Mutungamiri aimbove akajairika mupeturu uye pendi yeimba muUnited States. Muvana, kutungamira kuratidzwa kunowanzoitika kuburikidza nekumedza. Vana vanogara mumaguta vane dzimba dzekare vanowanzove nematanho epamusoro emutobvu. MuUnited States, zvinofungidzirwa kuti hafu yemiriyoni yevana vane makore kubva pamashanu kusvika pamashanu vane huwandu husina kunaka hwemutobvu muropa ravo. Muvanhu vakuru, kutungamira kwekuratidzira kunowanzo kuve kuburikidza nekufemerwa munzvimbo yebasa.

Vanobva kune dzimwe nyika uye vapoteri vana vari panjodzi huru yekupihwa huturu kupfuura vana vanozvarwa muUnited States nekuda kwekudya uye dzimwe njodzi dzekuratidzira vasati vasvika muUnited States.

Kunyangwe peturu nependi zvisisiri kugadzirwa nemutobvu mazviri, lead ichiri dambudziko rehutano. Kutungamira kuri kwese kwese, kusanganisira tsvina, guruva, matoyi matsva, uye pendi yekare yeimba. Nehurombo, haugone kuona, kuravira, kana kunhuhwira lead.

Muna 2014, masangano ezvehutano akafungidzira kuti vangangoita kota bhiriyoni vanhu pasirese vaive nehuturu (muchetura) weropa lead mazinga.

Lead inowanikwa mu:

• Dzimba dzakapendwa pamberi pa1978. Kunyangwe kana iyo pendi isiri kubvaruka, inogona kuve dambudziko. Pendi yepamberi ine njodzi zvikuru kana ichinge yabviswa kana kusandirwa jecha. Izvi zviito zvinoburitsa huru inotungamira guruva mumhepo. Vacheche nevana vanogara mudzimba dzisati dzaitwa 1960 (apo pendi yaiwanzo kuve nemutobvu) vane njodzi huru yekuiswa chepfu. Vana vadiki vanowanzo medza machipisi ependi kana guruva kubva mupendi-inotungamirwa.
• Matoyi uye fenicha yakapendwa pamberi pa1976.
• Painted matoyi uye zvishongedzo zvakagadzirwa kunze kweUnited States
• Tungamira mabara, hove dzinodzika, keteni uremu.
• Mapaipi, pombi, uye pombi. Mutungamiriri anogona kuwanikwa mumvura yekunwa mudzimba dzine mapaipi dzaive dzakabatana ne lead lead. Kunyangwe nyowani makodhi ekuvaka achida lead-yemahara solder, lead ichiri kuwanikwa mune mamwe mazuva ano mapombi.
• Ivhu rakasvibiswa nemakumi emakore ekudzimisa mota kana makore ekupenda dzimba. Mutobvu unowanzoitika muvhu pedyo nemigwagwa mikuru nedzimba.
• Zvokuzvivaraidza zvinosanganisira kugadziriswa, girazi rakasviba, kugadzira zvishongo, kuumba hari, uye zvidiki zvinotungamira manhamba (gara uchitarisa mavara).
• Pendi dzevana uye zvigadzirwa zveunyanzvi (gara uchitarisa zvinyorwa).
• Pewter, rimwe girazi, zvedongo kana glazed ivhu zvirongo uye dinnerware.
• Lead-acid mabhatiri, senge iwo anoshandiswa mumotokari injini.

Vana vanowana lead mumitumbi yavo kana vaisa zvinhu zvinotungamira mumiromo yavo, kunyanya kana vachimedza izvo zvinhu. Vanogona zvakare kuwana huturu huturu paminwe yavo kubva pakubata guruva kana kubvisa chinhu chinotungamira, vozoisa minwe yavo mumiromo yavo kana kudya chikafu mushure. Vana zvakare vanogona kufema mune zvidiki zvidiki zvemutobvu.

Kune zvakawanda zvingangodaro zviratidzo zvehuturu hwehutobvu. Kutungamira kunogona kukanganisa zvikamu zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvemuviri. Chimwe chete chepamusoro chemutobvu chinogona kukonzera zvakakomba zviratidzo zvekukurumidzira.

Zvisinei, zvinowanzoitika kuti huturu hutungamiri huvake zvishoma nezvishoma munguva. Izvi zvinoitika kubva pakuratidzwazve kune zvidiki zvemutobvu. Muchiitiko ichi, panogona kunge pasina zviratidzo zviri pachena. Nekufamba kwenguva, kunyangwe akadzika mwero wekuratidzwa kwekutungamira anogona kukuvadza kukura kwepfungwa kwemwana. Zvinetso zvehutano zvinowedzera kuwedzera sezvo mwero wemutobvu muropa unowedzera.

Kutungamira kwakanyanya kukuvadza vana kupfuura vakuru nekuti kunogona kukanganisa tsinga dzinokura dzevana nehuropi. Mudiki mwana, lead inotyisa inogona kuva. Vana vasati vaberekwa ndivo vanotambura zvakanyanya.

Zvinogona kuitika zvinosanganisira:

• Maitiro kana matambudziko ekutarisisa
• Kukundikana kuchikoro
• Kunzwa matambudziko
• Itsvo kukuvara
• Yakaderedzwa IQ
• Kunonoka kukura kwemuviri

Zviratidzo zvehuturu hwehutobvu zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kutambudzika kwepamuviri uye kupwanya (kazhinji chiratidzo chekutanga cheyakakwirira, ine chepfu yedhaidhi yemutobvu)
• Hasha hunhu
• Anemia (yakadzika tsvuku masero eropa kuverenga)
• Kuzvimbirwa
• Zvakaoma kubata pamuviri
• Kunetseka kurara
• Kutemwa nemusoro
• Kunzwa kurasikirwa
• Kushatirwa
• Kurasikirwa kwehunyanzvi hwepamberi hwekuvandudza (muvana vadiki)
• Chido chakaderera uye simba
• Kuderedzwa kwekunzwa

Zvikamu zvakakwirira kwazvo zvemutobvu zvinogona kukonzera kurutsa, kubuda ropa mukati, kufamba kunokatyamadza, kushaya simba kwemhasuru, kugwinha, kana kufenda.

Unogona kudzikisira kutungamira nematanho anotevera:

• Kana uchifungidzira kuti unogona kunge uine pendi inotungamira mumba mako, tsvaga mazano ekubviswa zvakachengeteka kubva kuNational Lead Information Center - www.epa.gov/lead pa (800) 424-5323.
• Chengetedza imba yako seisina guruva sezvinobvira.
• Ita kuti munhu wese ashambidze maoko avo vasati vadya.
• Kanda matoyi ekare akapendwa kana iwe usingazive kana pendi ine lead.
• Rega pombi yemvura inomhanya kweminiti usati wanwa kana kubika nayo.
• Kana mvura yako yaedzwa pamusoro mutobvu, funga kuisa ino fanika yekusefa kana kuchinjira kumvura yemumabhodhoro ekunwa nekubika.
• Dzivisa zvinhu zvemumagaba kubva kune dzimwe nyika kudzamara kurambidzwa kwemagaba akatengeswa atanga kushanda.
• Kana midziyo yewaini inopinzwa kunze iine lead foil inoputira, pukuta rimu nemutsipa webhodhoro netowel yakanyoroveswa nejusi remonimu, vhiniga, kana waini usati washandisa.
• Usachengetera waini, mweya, kana vhiniga-yakavakirwa saladhi yekupfeka mumutobvu rekristaro decanters kwenguva yakareba, nekuti lead inogona kupinda mukati memvura.

Ipa ruzivo runotevera kune rubatsiro rwechimbichimbi:

• Zera remunhu, huremu, uye mamiriro
• Zita rechigadzirwa kana chinhu chaunofunga kuti chakatungamira machiri
• Zuva / nguva yekutungamira yakamedzwa kana kufemerwa
• Iyo huwandu hwakamedza kana kufema

Zvisinei, Usanonoka kukumbira rubatsiro kana ruzivo urwu rusina kuwanikwa ipapo.

Kana mumwe munhu aine zviratidzo zvakakomba kubva pakubvira kutungamira kuratidzwa (sekurutsa kana kugwinha) fonera 911 nekukasira.

Kune zvimwe zviratidzo zvaunofunga kuti zvinogona kukonzereswa nehuturu hwehutobvu, fonera nzvimbo yako yekutonga chepfu.

Yako yepanzvimbo yekudzora huturu inogona kusvikwa yakananga nekufonera iyo yepasirose-isina muripo Poison Rubatsiro nhare (1-800-222-1222) kubva chero muUnited States. Iyi hotline yenyika inokurega iwe uchitaura nenyanzvi mune chepfu. Ivo vanozokupa iwe kumwe kuraira.

Iri ibasa remahara uye rakavanzika. Nzvimbo dzese dzemunharaunda dzekudzora chepfu muUnited States dzinoshandisa iyi nhamba yenyika. Iwe unofanirwa kufona kana iwe uine chero mibvunzo nezve chepfu kana kudzivirira chepfu. Hazvidi kuti ive emergency. Iwe unogona kufona chero chikonzero, maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva, mazuva manomwe pavhiki.

Kunze kwezviitiko zvakakomba apo mumwe munhu akaoneswa kune yakakwira dosi yemutobvu, rwendo kuenda kuimba yekukurumidzira haridiwe. Bata wako mupi wezvehutano kana dhipatimendi rehutano hweveruzhinji kana iwe uchifungidzira kuti zvingave zvakaderera-chikamu kutungamira kuratidzwa.

Ropa rinotungamira bvunzo rinogona kubatsira kuziva kana dambudziko riripo. Kupfuura gumi mcg / dL (0.48 µmol / L) ndeyekunetsekana chaiko. Nhanho dziri pakati pe2 ne10 mcg / dL (0.10 uye 0.48 µmol / L) dzinofanira kukurukurwa nachiremba wako. Mumatunhu mazhinji, kuongororwa kweropa kunokurudzirwa kuvana vadiki vari panjodzi.

Dzimwe bvunzo bvunzo dzinogona kusanganisira:

• Bone marrow biopsy (samuenzaniso wemongo wemapfupa)
• Yakazara kuverenga kweropa (CBC) uye coagulation (kugona kweropa kuvhara) zvidzidzo
• Erythrocyte protoporphyrin (mhando yeprotein / lead komputa mumasero matsvuku eropa) mazinga
• Lead nhanho
• X-ray yemapfupa marefu nedumbu

Kune vana vane huwandu hweropa remutobvu hwakadzikira zvine mwero, ziva zvese zvihombe zvekutungamira kwekutungamira uye chengetedza mwana kure navo. Kutevera-kuongorora ropa kunogona kudikanwa.

Chelation therapy (makomputa anosunga lead) inzira inogona kubvisa mwero wakakwirira wemutobvu wakavakwa mumuviri wemunhu nekufamba kwenguva.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo mumwe munhu angangodya chakanyanya chepfu mutobvu wenguva pfupi yenguva, zvinotevera kurapwa zvinogona kuitwa:

• Bowel kudiridza (kubuda kunze) ne polyethylene glycol mhinduro
• Gastric lavage (kushambidza mudumbu)

Vakuru vanga vaine mwero wepamusoro mwero wekutungamira kazhinji vanopora pasina matambudziko. Muvana, kunyangwe mutobvu mutobvu mutobvu unokwanisa kukanganisa zvachose uye IQ.

Vanhu vane mwero wepamusoro wekutungamira vane njodzi huru yezvinetso zvehutano zvinogara kwenguva refu. Dzinofanira kuteverwa zvakanaka.

Tsinga nemhasuru zvavo zvinogona kukanganisika zvakanyanya uye zvinogona kusashanda zvakanaka sezvavanofanirwa. Mamwe masisitimu emuviri anogona kukuvadzwa kumadhigirii akasiyana, seitsvo uye tsinga dzeropa. Vanhu vanopona zvine chepfu lead lead mazinga vanogona kuve nekumwe kusingaperi kwehuropi kukuvara. Vana vari panjodzi huru kumatambudziko akakomba enguva refu.

Kudzoreredza kuzere kubva kune isingaperi lead lead chepfu kunogona kutora mwedzi kusvika makore.

Plumbism

Nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza Dziviriro uye Kudzivirira webhusaiti. Tungamira. www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/default.htm. Yakagadziridzwa Gumiguru 18, 2018. Yakasvika munaNdira 11, 2019.

Markowitz M. Kutungamira chepfu. Mune: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Chinyorwa chePediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 739.

Theobald JL, Mycyk MB. Iron nesimbi inorema. Mune: Masvingo RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts uye Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chits. 151.