Kufema - kunonoka kana kumira

Kufema kunomira kubva pane chero chikonzero kunonzi kufuridzira mweya. Kunonoka kufema kunonzi bradypnea. Kufema kana kunetsa kufema kunozivikanwa sedyspnea.

Apnea inogona kuuya uye kuenda uye kuva yenguva pfupi. Izvi zvinogona kuitika nekuvhiringidza kufema kwekurara, semuenzaniso.

Kufema kwenguva refu kunoreva kuti munhu amira kufema. Kana moyo uchiri kushingaira, mamiriro acho anozivikanwa sekufema kusungwa. Ichi chiitiko chinotyisidzira hupenyu chinoda kurapwa nekukurumidza uye rubatsiro rwekutanga.

Kufema kwenguva refu pasina chiitiko chemoyo mumunhu asingateereri kunodaidzwa kunzi kusungwa kwemoyo (kana cardiopulmonary). Mune vacheche uye vana, chinonyanya kukonzera kusungwa kwemoyo kusungwa kwekufema. Muvanhu vakuru, zvinopesana zvinowanzoitika, kusungwa kwemoyo kazhinji kunotungamira mukufema kusungwa.

Kufema kunetseka kunogona kuitika nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, zvikonzero zvinowanzoitika zveapnea muvacheche uye vana vadiki zvakasiyana nezvikonzero zvakanyanya muvanhu vakuru.

Zvinowanzoitika zvikukutu zvekufema muvacheche uye vana vadiki zvinosanganisira:

• Asima
• Bronchiolitis (kuzvimba uye kudzikira kwezvidiki zvekufema zvimiro mumapapu)
• Choking
• Encephalitis (kuzvimba kwehuropi uye hutachiona hunokanganisa huropi hunokosha)
• Gastroesophageal Reflux (chirungurira)
• Kubata mweya weumwe
• Meningitis (kuzvimba uye hutachiona hwehuturu hwakakomberedza uropi uye musana).
• Chirwere chemabayo
• Kuberekwa kusati kwasvika
• Kufenda

Zvinowanzoitika zvikonzero zvekutambudzika kufema (dyspnea) muvakuru zvinosanganisira:

• Allergic reaction inokonzeresa rurimi, huro, kana kumwe kuzvimba kwemhepo
• Chirwere kana zvimwe zvirwere zvemapapu
• Cardiac kusungwa
• Choking
• Kunyanyisa kunwisa zvinodhaka, kunyanya nekuda kwedoro, zvinodhaka zvinorwadza, barbiturates, anesthetics, uye zvimwe zvinoshungurudza
• Fluid mumapapu
• Kurambidza kufema kufema

Zvimwe zvikonzero zveapnea zvinosanganisira:

• Kukuvara kwemusoro kana kukuvara kumutsipa, muromo, uye larynx (izwi bhokisi)
• Kumira kurova kwemoyo
• Kusarongeka kwemoyo
• Metabolic (muviri kemikari, maminera, uye acid-base) kusagadzikana
• Pedyo nekunyura
• Stroke uye humwe huropi uye huta system (neurological) kusagadzikana
• Kukuvadza kumadziro echifuva, moyo, kana mapapu
  

Tsvaga kurapwa nekukurumidza kana kufonera yako yemuno emergency emergency (se911) kana munhu aine chero rudzi rwechinetso chekufema:

• Anokamhina
• Ine pfari
• Haisi kungwarira (kurasikirwa neruzivo)
• Anoramba achikotsira
• Inoshanduka bhuruu

Kana munhu amira kufema, dana rubatsiro rwechimbichimbi uye uite CPR (kana iwe uchiziva sei). Paunenge uri munzvimbo yeruzhinji, tsvaga otomatiki ekunze defibrillator (AED) uye uteedzere mafambiro.

CPR kana mamwe matanho ekukurumidzira achaitwa mune yekukurumidzira kamuri kana neamburenzi emergency emergency technologist (EMT) kana paramedic.

Kana munhu achinge agadzikana, mupi wezvehutano anoita bvunzo dzepanyama, dzinosanganisira kuteerera kurira kwemoyo nekufema kurira.

Mibvunzo ichabvunzwa nezve nhoroondo yemunhu yekurapa uye zviratidzo, zvinosanganisira:

NGUVA NGUVA

• Izvi zvakamboitika kare here?
• Chiitiko chakatora nguva yakareba sei?
• Iye munhu anga adzokorora, mapfupi epneye epnea here?
• Icho chikamu chakazopera nekukasira kwakadzika, kufema mweya here?
• Icho chiitiko chakaitika wakamuka kana wakarara?

NHAU DZVENYAYA IRI PANO

• Iye munhu anga aine tsaona ichangobva kuitika kana kukuvara?
• Munhu anga achirwara here nguva pfupi yadarika?
• Paive nekufema here kunetsekana kufema kusati kwamira?
• Ndezvipi zvimwe zviratidzo zvawakaona?
• Ndeapi mishonga anotora munhu wacho?
• Iye munhu anoshandisa mumugwagwa kana zvekuvaraidza zvinodhaka?

Kuongororwa kuongororwa uye kurapwa kunogona kuitwa kunosanganisira:

• Airway rutsigiro, kusanganisira okisijeni, kufema chubhu kuburikidza nemuromo (intubation), uye mweya wekufema (ventilator)
• Ropa uye weti kuongororwa
• Chest chubhu
• Chest x-ray
• CT scan
• Defibrillation (kushamisika kwemagetsi kumoyo)
  
• ECG (electrocardiogram, kana moyo wekutsvagisa)
• Mvura kuburikidza nemutsinga (intravenous kana IV)
• Mishonga yekurapa zviratidzo, kusanganisira antidotes yekudzora mhedzisiro yehupfu kana kudarika

Kufema kunononoka kana kumira; Kwete kufema; Kufema kusungwa; Apnea

Kelly AM. Zvekukurumidza zvekufema. Muna: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, eds. Chinyorwa cheVakuru Emergency Medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2015: chits.

Kurz MC, Neumar RW. Kumutswa kwevanhu vakuru. Mune: Masvingo RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts uye Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chits. 8.

Roosevelt GE. Chiitiko chekufema kwevana: zvirwere zvemapapu. Mune: Masvingo RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts uye Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chits. 169.