Yese bvunzo bvunzo
Yese yakatarisana bvunzo bvunzo dzakateedzana bvunzo dzinoitwa kutarisa yako kuona uye hutano hwemaziso ako.
Kutanga, iwe uchazobvunzwa kana iwe uine chero ziso kana chiratidzo chekuona. Iwe uchazobvunzwa kuti utsanangure matambudziko aya, kuti wave nawo kwenguva yakareba sei, uye chero zvikonzero zvakavaita nani kana zvakanyanya.
Nhoroondo yako yemagirazi kana malensi ekuonana anozoongororwa zvakare. Chiremba weziso anozobvunza nezve hutano hwako hwese, kusanganisira chero mishonga yaunotora uye nhoroondo yemhuri yako yekurapa.
Tevere, chiremba anoongorora chiratidzo chako (visual acuity) uchishandisa Snellen chati.
- Iwe unozobvunzwa kuti uverenge mavara akasarudzika anova madiki tambo netambo maziso ako achifamba pasi pasi pachati. Mamwe machati eSnellen ari emavhidhiyo monitors anoratidza mavara kana mifananidzo.
- Kuti uone kana uchida magirazi, chiremba anoisa malenzi akati wandei pamberi peziso rako, imwe panguva, uye ndokubvunza iwe kuti tsamba dziri paSnellen chati dzava nyore kuona. Izvi zvinonzi kuramba.
Zvimwe zvikamu zvebvunzo zvinosanganisira bvunzo ku:
- Ona kana iwe uine akakodzera matatu-mativi (3D) chiratidzo (stereopsis).
- Tarisa uone divi rako (peripheral) chiratidzo.
- Tarisa tsandanyama dzemaziso nekukubvunza kuti utarise nenzira dzakasiyana panhenji kana chimwe chinhu chidiki.
- Wongorora vadzidzi nepeni kuti uone kana vachipindura (kudzikisira) zvakanaka kuchiedza.
- Kazhinji, iwe unozopihwa anodonhedza maziso kuti uvhure (kurerutsa) vadzidzi vako. Izvi zvinobvumidza chiremba kushandisa chishandiso chinonzi ophthalmoscope kuti aone zvivakwa zviri kumashure kweziso. Iyi nzvimbo inonzi fundus. Inosanganisira iyo retina uye iripedyo tsinga dzeropa uye optic nerve.
Chimwe chigadzirwa chinokudza, chinonzi mwenje wekutsemura, chinoshandiswa ku:
- Ona zvikamu zvemberi zveziso (eyelids, cornea, conjunctiva, sclera, uye iris)
- Tarisa kuwedzerwa kumanikidzwa muziso (glaucoma) uchishandisa nzira inonzi tonometry
Ruvara hupofu runoyedzwa uchishandisa makadhi ane mavara mavara ayo anoumba manhamba.
Ita musangano nachiremba wemaziso (vamwe vanotora kufamba-muvarwere). Dzivisa kusagadzikana kweziso pazuva rebvunzo. Kana iwe ukapfeka magirazi kana vanobatika, vauye nawo. Iwe ungangoda mumwe munhu kuti akutyaire kumba kana chiremba achishandisa madonhwe eziso kuwedzera vadzidzi vako.
Iyo bvunzo inokonzeresa kurwadziwa kana kusagadzikana.
Vese vana vanofanirwa kuve nekuratidzwa kwekuona muhofisi yechiremba kana yemuhofisi yemurapi wemhuri panguva iyo pavanodzidza mavara, uyezve makore ese maviri kusvika maviri mumashure. Kuongorora kunofanira kutanga nekukurumidza kana paine fungidziro yemaziso inofungidzirwa.
Pakati pemakore makumi maviri nemakumi matatu nepfumbamwe:
- Kuongorora kwemaziso kwakazara kunofanirwa kuitwa makore ese mashanu kusvika pagumi
- Vakuru vanopfeka malensi ekuonana vanoda kuongororwa kwegore kwegore
- Zvimwe zviratidzo zveziso kana kusagadzikana kungangoda bvunzo dzakawanda
Vakuru vanopfuura makore makumi mana vasina njodzi kana mamiriro eziso ari kuenderera mberi anofanira kuongororwa:
- Ose makore maviri kusvika mana evakuru vane makore makumi mana kusvika makumi mashanu nemashanu
- Ose 1 kusvika matatu makore evakuru vane makore makumi mashanu kusvika makumi matanhatu nematanhatu
- Yese 1 kusvika kumakore maviri kune vakuru vane makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu zvichikwira
Zvichienderana nezviitiko zvako zvine njodzi kuzvirwere zvemaziso uye zviratidzo zvako zvezvino kana zvirwere, chiremba weziso rako anogona kukurudzira kuti iwe uve nemiedzo kazhinji.
Ziso uye zvekurapa matambudziko anogona kuwanikwa neyakajairwa bvunzo ziso zvinosanganisira:
- Clouding yemalensi eziso (cataract)
- Chirwere cheshuga
- Glaucoma
- Kuwedzera kweropa
- Kurasikirwa kwakapinza, kwepakati chiratidzo (zera-rakabatana macular degeneration, kana ARMD)
Mhedzisiro yeyakajairwa bvunzo yemaziso zvakajairika kana chiremba weziso akakuwana iwe uine:
- 20/20 (zvakajairika) chiratidzo
- Kukwanisa kuziva mavara akasiyana
- Yakazara yekuona munda
- Yakakodzera ziso mhasuru kurongeka
- Kazhinji ziso kumanikidza
- Zvimiro zvemaziso zvakajairika (cornea, iris, lens)
Mhedzisiro isina kujairika inogona kunge iri nekuda kwechero ipi inotevera:
- ARMD
- Astigmatism (isina kujairika yakakomberedzwa cornea)
- Yakadzivirirwa nzira yemisodzi
- Kurwara
- Ruvara upofu
- Corneal dystrophy
- Corneal ulcers, hutachiona, kana kukuvara
- Mitsipa yakakuvara kana tsinga dzeropa muziso
- Chirwere cheshuga chine chekuita neziso (chirwere cheshuga retinopathy)
- Hyperopia (kuona zviri kure)
- Glaucoma
- Kukuvara kweziso
- Yakasviba ziso (amblyopia)
- Myopia (kuona pedyo)
- Presbyopia (kusakwanisa kutarisa pazvinhu zviri padyo zvinokura nezera)
- Strabismus (akayambuka maziso)
- Retinal misodzi kana musana
Rondedzero iyi inogona kusasanganisira zvese zvinokonzeresa zvemhedzisiro mhedzisiro.
Kana iwe ukatambira madonhwe ekuwedzeredza maziso ako kune ophthalmoscopy, chiratidzo chako chichave chisina kujeka.
- Pfeka magirazi ezuva ekudzivirira maziso ako kubva kuzuva, izvo zvinogona kukuvadza maziso ako zvakanyanya kana zvanyanya.
- Ita kuti mumwe munhu akutyaire kumba.
- Iwo madonhwe anowanzo kupera mukati maawa akati wandei.
Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitika, eyedrops anodzora anokonzera:
- Kurwiswa kweglaucoma yakatetepa
- Dzungu
- Kuoma kwemuromo
- Kumhanya
- Kusvotwa uye kurutsa
Yepasi ophthalmic bvunzo; Kugara uchiongorora maziso; Kuongorora kwemaziso - kwakajairwa; Kuongorora kweziso kwegore negore
- Kuona acuity bvunzo
- Wakaonekwa munda bvunzo
Bhora JW, Dhayi JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW. Maziso. Mune: Bhora JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW, eds. Nhungamiro yaSeidel kuPhysical Examination. 8th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby; 2015: chits. 11.
Feder RS, Olsen TW, Prum BE Jr, et al. Inonzwisisika yevakuru vekurapa ziso ongororo yakasarudzika tsika maitiro maitiro. Ophthalmology. 2016; 123 (1): 209-236. PMID: 26581558 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581558.
Prokopich CL, Hrynchak P, Elliott DB, Flanagan JG. Ocular hutano kuongorora. Muna: Elliott DB, rakanyorwa. Maitiro eKiriniki mune Ekutanga Maziso Kuchengeta. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014: chits.