Pulmonary basa bvunzo

Pulmonary basa bvunzo iboka rebvunzo rinoyera kufema uye mashandiro emapapu ari kushanda.

Spirometry inoyera kubuda kwemhepo. Nokuyera mweya wakawanda waunobudisa, uye kuti unokurumidza sei kubvisa, spirometry inogona kuongorora huwandu hwakawanda hwezvirwere zvemapapu. Mukuyedzwa kwespirometry, iwe paunenge ugere, unofemera mumuromo unosunganidzwa nechiridzwa chinonzi spirometer. Iyo spirometer inorekodha huwandu uye chiyero chemweya waunofema mukati nekubuda mukati menguva yakati. Kana wakamira, dzimwe nhamba dzinogona kunge dzakatosiyana.

Kune mamwe emayero ebvunzo, iwe unogona kufema zvakajairika uye chinyararire. Mimwe bvunzo inoda kumanikidzwa kufema kana kufema mushure mekufema kwakadzika. Dzimwe nguva, iwe unozokumbirwa kufema imwe gasi kana mushonga kuti uone kuti inochinja sei mhinduro dzako.

Kuyera vhoriyamu kuyerwa kunogona kuitwa nenzira mbiri:

• Iyo chaiyo nzira chaiyo inonzi muviri plethysmography. Iwe unogara mubhokisi rakachena risingavharike rinoita kunge dumba renhare. Nyanzvi yehunyanzvi inokukumbira kuti ufemere mukati uye kunze kwemuromo. Shanduko mukumanikidza mukati mebhokisi zvinobatsira kuona huwandu hwemapapu.
• Lung vhoriyamu inogona zvakare kuyerwa kana iwe uchifema nitrogen kana helium gasi kuburikidza nechubhu kwenguva yakati yenguva. Iko kusunganidzwa kwegasi mukamuri rakanamatira pombi kunoyerwa kufungidzira huwandu hwemapapu.

Kuyera simba rekupararira, unofema mweya usingakuvadzi, unonzi unoteedzera gasi, kwenguva pfupi, kazhinji mweya mumwe chete. Iko kusunganidzwa kwegasi mumhepo iwe yaunofema kunze kunoyerwa. Musiyano muuwandu hwemweya wakafemerwa uye wakayera matanho ekuti gasi rinonyatsofamba sei kubva mumapapu kuenda muropa. Muedzo uyu unobvumidza mupi wezvehutano kuti afungidzire kuti mapapu anofambisa sei oxygen kubva mumhepo kuenda muropa.

Usadye chikafu chinorema usati waedzwa. Usasvute kwemaawa mana kusvika matanhatu usati waedzwa. Iwe unowana mirairo chaiyo kana iwe uchida kurega kushandisa bronchodilators kana imwe mimwe mishonga inhaled. Iwe unogona kufema mumushonga usati kana panguva yekuyedzwa.

Sezvo iyo bvunzo inosanganisira kumanikidza kufema uye nekukurumidza kufema, unogona kuve nekumwe kupfupika kwekufema kana kureruka musoro. Iwe zvakare unogona kuve nekukosora. Iwe unofema kuburikidza neyakaomeswa-inokodzera muromo uye uchave uine mhino clip. Kana iwe uri claustrophobic, iyo chikamu cheyedzo mune yakavharwa dumba inogona kunzwa kusagadzikana.

Tevedzera rairo dzekushandisa yekutaura pamuromo yeiyo spirometer. Chisimbiso chakashata chakakomberedza muromo chinokonzeresa mhedzisiro isiri iyo chaiyo.

Pulmonary basa bvunzo dzinoitwa ku:

• Tsvaga mamwe marudzi emapapu emapapu, akadai seasthma, bronchitis, uye emphysema
• Tsvaga chikonzero chekupererwa nemweya wekufema
• Pima kana kusvibiswa nemakemikari kubasa kunokanganisa mashandiro emapapu
• Tarisa mapapu mashandiro munhu asati avhiyiwa
• Ongorora kushanda kwemishonga
• Edza kufambira mberi mukurapa kwezvirwere
• Edzai kupindura kwekurapwa mune cardiopulmonary vascular chirwere

Zvakajairwa tsika zvinoenderana nezera rako, kureba, dzinza, uye bonde. Mhedzisiro mhedzisiro inoratidzwa se peresenti. Iko kukosha kunowanzoonekwa sekusanzwisisika kana iri ingangoita isingasvike makumi masere muzana yeyakafanotaurwa kukosha kwako.

Zvakajairika kukosha masenduru anogona kusiana zvishoma pakati pemarabhoritari akasiyana, zvichibva munzira dzakasiyana dzakasiyana dzekuona tsika dzakanaka. Taura nemupi wako nezve zvinorehwa nemimwe miedzo yako.

Zviyero zvakasiyana zvinogona kuwanikwa pamushumo wako mushure mekuedzwa kwemapurmonary zvinosanganisira:

• Kusiyanisa kugona kune kabhoni monoxide (DLCO)
• Kufuridzira reserve vhoriyamu (ERV)
• Kumanikidzwa kwakakosha chinzvimbo (FVC)
• Vakamanikidzwa kufuridzira vhoriyamu mu1 sekondi (FEV1)
• Kumanikidzwa kufema kubuda 25% kusvika 75% (FEF25-75)
• Rinoshanda residual chinzvimbo (FRC)
• Kunonyanyisa yekuzvidira kufefetedza (MVV)
• Residual vhoriyamu (RV)
• Peak expiratory kuyerera (PEF)
• Inononoka kukosha chinzvimbo (SVC)
• Yese mapapu ekugona (TLC)

Zviitiko zvisina kujairika zvinowanzoreva kuti unogona kunge uine chifuva kana chirwere chemapapu.

Zvimwe zvirwere zvemapapu (zvakadai semphysema, asthma, bronchitis isingagumi, uye hutachiona) zvinogona kuita kuti mapapu ave nemhepo yakawandisa uye kutora nguva yakareba kuti ibude. Zvirwere zvemapapu izvi zvinonzi zvinovhiringidza mapapu.

Zvimwe zvirwere zvemapapu zvinoita kuti mapapu ave nemavanga uye madiki kuitira kuti ave nemhepo shoma uye varombo kuendesa oxygen muropa. Mienzaniso yemhando idzi dzezvirwere dzinosanganisira:

• Kunyanyisa kufutisa
• Pulmonary fibrosis (scarring kana kuonda kwemapapu emapapu)
• Sarcoidosis uye scleroderma

Kushaiwa kwemhasuru kunogona zvakare kukonzeresa mhedzisiro yekuedzwa, kunyangwe mapapu akajairika, ndiko kuti, akafanana nezvirwere zvinokonzeresa mapapu madiki.

Pane njodzi diki yemapapu akadonha (pneumothorax) mune vanhu vane imwe mhando yemapapu chirwere. Muedzo haufanire kupihwa kune munhu akamborwara nemoyo, ane mamwe marudzi ehutano hwemwoyo, kana ane mapapu akadonha achangobva kuitika.

PFTs; Spirometry; Spirogram; Lung basa bvunzo; Lung vhoriyamu; Plethysmography

• Spirometry
• Bvunzo yemutambo

Ndarama WM, Koth LL. Pulmonary basa kuyedza. Mune: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, eds. Murray naNadel Chinyorwa cheKufema Kwemishonga. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chits. 25.

Putnam JB. Mapapu, madziro echipfuva, pleura, uye mediastinum. Mu: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Chinyorwa Chekuvhiya: Iyo Biological Hwaro hweMazuva Ano Kuvhiya Maitiro. 20th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chits. 57.

Scanlon PD. Basa rekufema: nzira uye kuyedza. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 79.