Apnea ye prematurity

Apnea zvinoreva "pasina mweya" uye zvinoreva kufema kunodzikira kana kumira kubva pane chero chikonzero. Apnea ye prematurity inoreva kufema kumbomira muvacheche vakazvarwa mavhiki makumi matatu nemanomwe ekuberekwa (kuberekwa nguva isati yakwana).

Vazhinji vacheche vasati vasvika vane mwero wekufema nekuti nzvimbo yehuropi inodzora kufema ichiri kukura.

Pane zvikonzero zvinoverengeka nei vacheche, kunyanya avo vakazvarwa mangwanani, vanogona kuve neapnea, kusanganisira:

• Nzvimbo dzehuropi uye tsinga nzira dzinodzora kufema dzichiri kukura.
• Iyo mhasuru iyo inochengeta iyo yekuvhurika yemhepo yakavhurika idiki uye haina kusimba sezvaichave kuzoita gare gare muhupenyu.

Zvimwe zvinetso mumwana anorwara kana asati asvika zvinogona kukuvadza apnea, kusanganisira:

• Anemia
• Matambudziko ekudyisa
• Zvinetso zvemwoyo kana mapapu
• Utachiona
• Low oxygen mazinga
• Zvinetso zvekupisa

Nzira yekufema yevana vachangoberekwa haisi kugara ichigara uye inogona kunzi "kufema nguva nenguva." Iyi pateni inotonyanya kuitika muvacheche vanozvarwa mangwanani (vavengi). Inoumbwa nezvikamu zvipfupi (anenge masekondi matatu) ehumwe kufema kushoma kana kumira kufema (apnea). Izvi zvikamu zvinoteverwa nenguva dzekufema nguva dzose dzinotora masekondi gumi kusvika gumi nemasere.

Kufema zvisina kujairika kunogona kutarisirwa mune vacheche vasina kukura. Asi maitiro ekufema uye zera remwana zvese zvakakosha pakusarudza kuti anorwara sei mwana.

Zvikamu zveapnea kana "zviitiko" zvinogara kwenguva yakareba kupfuura masekondi makumi maviri zvinoonekwa sezvakakomba. Mwana anogona zvakare kuve ne:

• Kudonha mukurova kwemoyo. Kudonha kwemoyo uku kunonzi bradycardia (inonziwo "brady").
• Kudonhedza muyerojeni (oxygen saturation). Izvi zvinodaidzwa kuti desaturation (inonziwo "desat").

Vese vacheche vasati vasvika pasi pemasvondo makumi matatu nemashanu gestation inobvumidzwa kune avo vacheche vanochengetwa zvakanyanya, kana nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza dzakasarudzika, vane vatariri vakakosha nekuti vari panjodzi yakanyanya yekufema. Vacheche vacheche vanowanikwa vane epnea episodes vanozoiswawo pane vanoongorora muchipatara. Dzimwe bvunzo dzinozoitwa kana mwana asiri wekutanga uye achiratidza kusagwinya.

• Monitors anoteedzera kufema mwero, kurova kwemoyo, uye oxygen mazinga.
• Kudonha mumhepo yekufema, kurova kwemoyo, kana mwero weoksijeni kunogona kumisikidza maalarm pane aya monitors.
• Vacheche monitors anotengeswa kuti ashandiswe pamba haana kufanana neaya anoshandiswa muchipatara.

Maaramu anogona kuitika kune zvimwe zvikonzero (senge kupfuura chituru kana kufamba-famba), saka iyo yekutarisisa yekutarisisa inoongororwa kazhinji neboka rezvehutano.

Maitiro apnea anorapwa zvinoenderana ne:

• Chikonzero
• Zvinowanzoitika sei
• Kuoma kwezvikamu

Vacheche vane hutano hwakanaka uye vane dzimwe nguva zvidiki zvidiki vanongotariswa. Muzviitiko izvi, zvikamu zvinoenda kana vacheche vabatwa zvinyoro nyoro kana "kusimudzirwa" panguva yekumira kufema.

Vacheche vane hutano, asi vakakurumidza uye / kana vane akawanda epnea episodes vanogona kupihwa caffeine. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti yavo yekufema maitiro iwedzere kugara. Dzimwe nguva, mukoti anochinja chinzvimbo chemwana, oshandisa suction kubvisa fluid kana mamasi kubva mumuromo kana mumhino, kana kushandisa bhegi uye chifukidzo kubatsira nekufema.

Kufema kunogona kubatsirwa na:

• Positioning chaiyo
• Inononoka kudyisa nguva
• Okisijeni
• Kuenderera mberi kwakanaka kwemhepo kumanikidza (CPAP)
• Muchina wekufema (ventilator) muzviitiko zvakanyanya

Vamwe vacheche vanoramba vaine kufema asi asi vakakura uye vakagwinya vanogona kuburitswa muchipatara pane yekutarisa kufema kwepamba, iine kana isina caffeine, kudzamara vatadza kufema.

Apnea inowanzoonekwa muvana vasati vasvika. Kufema kufema kwakapfava hakuratidzike kunge kune mibairo yenguva refu. Zvisinei, kudzivirira zvikamu zvakawanda kana zvakakomba zviri nani kumucheche pamusoro penguva refu.

Apnea ye prematurity inowanzoenda sezvo mwana achisvika yavo "zuva rakatarwa." Mune zvimwe zviitiko, senge mune vacheche vakazvarwa nguva isati yakwana kana vane chirwere chakakomba chemapapu, kufema kwemunhu kunogona kuramba kuripo kwemavhiki mashoma.

Apnea - vacheche; AOP; As uye maB; A / B / D; Bhuruu tsinga - vacheche; Dusky tsinga - vacheche; Zvitsinga - vacheche; Apnea - neonatal

Ahlfeld SK. Matambudziko ekufema. Mune: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KW, eds. Nelson Chinyorwa chePediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 122.

Martin RJ. Pathophysiology yeapnea yekutanga prematurity. Mune: Polin RA, Abman SH, Rowitch DH, Benitz WE, Fox WW, eds. Fetal uye Neonatal Physiology. 5 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chitsiko 157.

Patrinos INI. Neonatal apnea uye hwaro hwekufema kutonga. Mune: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, eds. Fanaroff naMartin's Neonatal-Perinatal Mushonga. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 67.