Albino

Zvemukati

• Chii chinonzi albinism?
• Ndedzipi mhando dzealbinism?
• Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA)
• OCA1
• OCA2
• OCA3
• OCA4
• Ocular albinism
• Hermansky-Pudlak chirwere
• Chediak-Higashi chirwere
• Griscelli chirwere
• Chii chinokonzera albinism?
• Ndiani ari panjodzi yealbinism?
• Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvealbinism?
• Chii chinonzi albinism?
• Ndeapi marapirwo ealbinism?
• Ndeipi tarisiro yenguva refu?

Chii chinonzi albinism?

Albinism iboka risingawanzo rezvinetso zvemajini izvo zvinokonzeresa kuti ganda, vhudzi, kana maziso ave nerushoma kana kusava neruvara. Albinism inosanganisirwawo nezvinetso zvekuona. Sekureva kweNational Organisation yeAlbinism uye Hypopigmentation, anenge munhu mumwe muvanhu zviuru gumi nezvisere kusvika makumi maviri muUnited States vane chimiro chealbinism.

Ndedzipi mhando dzealbinism?

Mhando dzakasiyana dzehuremu hunoratidzira mhando dzakawanda dzealbinism. Mhando dzealbinism dzinosanganisira:

Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA)

OCA inokanganisa ganda, vhudzi, uye maziso. Kune akatiwandei madiki eOCA:

OCA1

OCA1 inokonzerwa nekuremara muiyo enzyme ye tyrosinase. Kune maviri madiki madiki eOCA1:

• OCA1a. Vanhu vane OCA1a vane kusavapo kwakazara kwemelanin. Iyi ndiyo pigment iyo inopa ganda, maziso, uye vhudzi kwavo kupenda. Vanhu vane iyi subtype vane chena bvudzi, rakachenuruka ganda uye maziso akapenya.
• OCA1b. Vanhu vane OCA1b vanogadzira imwe melanin. Vane ganda rakachenuruka, vhudzi, uye maziso. Mavara avo anogona kuwedzera pavanokura.

OCA2

OCA2 yakanyanya kuderera pane OCA1. Izvo zvinokonzerwa nekuremara mune OCA2 geni iyo inoguma nekudzikisira kugadzirwa kwemelanin. Vanhu vane OCA2 vanozvarwa vaine kuchena kuchena uye ganda. Vhudzi ravo rinogona kunge riine yero, blond, kana brown brown. OCA2 inowanzoitika kune vanhu vanobva kuAfrica uye maNative America.

OCA3

OCA3 kukanganisa mune iyo TYRP1 geni. Inowanzo bata vanhu vane ganda rakasviba, kunyanya vatema vekuSouth Africa. Vanhu vane OCA3 vane ganda dzvuku-tsvuku, vhudzi rakatsvuka, uye maziso ehazel kana mashava.

OCA4

OCA4 inokonzerwa nekukanganisa muprotini yeSLC45A2. Izvo zvinoguma mune kushomeka kugadzirwa kwemelanin uye inowanzo kuoneka kune vanhu vekuEast Asia vanobva. Vanhu vane OCA4 vane zviratidzo zvakafanana neizvo zviri muvanhu vane OCA2.

Ocular albinism

Ocular albinism mhedzisiro yekuchinja kwemajini pane X chromosome uye inoitika chete muvanhurume. Rudzi rwealbinism urwu runokanganisa maziso chete. Vanhu vane mhando iyi vane zvakajairwa bvudzi, ganda, uye ziso kupenda, asi havana kupenda mu retina (kumashure kweziso).

Hermansky-Pudlak chirwere

Ichi chirwere chimiro chisingawanzoitika chealbinism icho chakakonzerwa nehurema mune rimwe remavara masere. Inoburitsa zviratidzo zvakafanana neOCA. Iyo syndrome inoitika nemapapu, ura, uye kubuda ropa kusagadzikana.

Chediak-Higashi chirwere

Chediak-Higashi syndrome ndiyo imwe nzira isingawanzoitika yealbinism ndiwo mhedzisiro yekuremara mugene yeYYST. Iyo inoburitsa zviratidzo zvakafanana neOCA, asi inogona kusakanganisa nzvimbo dzese dzeganda. Bvudzi rinowanzo shava kana blond ne silvery sheen. Ganda rinowanzo kuve chena kuchena kusvika kuchena. Vanhu vane chirwere ichi vane hurema mumasero machena eropa, zvichiwedzera njodzi yavo yezvirwere.

Griscelli chirwere

Griscelli syndrome inonyanya kusarongeka geni kusagadzikana. Iko kunokonzerwa nekuremara mune rimwe rematatu majeni. Ikoko kwave kungove neiyi syndrome pasi rese kubva 1978. Inoitika nealbinism (asi inogona kusakanganisa muviri wese), matambudziko ezvirwere zvemuviri, uye matambudziko etsinga. Griscelli syndrome inowanzokonzera rufu mukati memakore gumi ekutanga ehupenyu.

Chii chinokonzera albinism?

Kuremara mune rimwe ramagen'a akawanda anogadzira kana kugovera melanin kunokonzeresa hualbinism. Kukanganisika kunogona kukonzera kusavapo kwekugadzirwa kwemelanin, kana huwandu hwakadzikira hwekugadzirwa kwemelanin. Rakaremara jini rinodzika kubva kuvabereki vese kuenda kumwana uye rinotungamira kualbinism.

Ndiani ari panjodzi yealbinism?

Albinism idambudziko rekugara nhaka iro riripo pakuberekwa. Vana vari panjodzi yekuzvarwa vane albinism kana vane vabereki vane albinism, kana vabereki vane geni realbinism.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvealbinism?

Vanhu vane albinism vane izvi zvinotevera zviratidzo:

• kusavapo kwerudzi mune vhudzi, ganda, kana maziso
• chakareruka kupfuura chakajairwa kupenda chebvudzi, ganda, kana maziso
• zvigamba zveganda zvine kusavapo kwemavara

Albinism inoitika nematambudziko ekuona, ayo anogona kusanganisira:

• strabismus (akayambuka maziso)
• photophobia (kunzwisisika kuchiedza)
• nystagmus (kusazvibata nekukurumidza maziso kufamba)
• kutadza kuona kana kusaona
• astigmatism

Chii chinonzi albinism?

Nzira yakanyatsojeka yekuziva kuti albinism ndeyei kuongororwa kwemajini kuti uone majini asina kukwana ane hukama nealbinism. Nzira dzisiri dzechokwadi dzekuona albinism dzinosanganisira kuongororwa kwezviratidzo nachiremba wako kana bvunzo ye electroretinogram. Uyu muyedzo unoyera kupindurwa kwemaseru-anononoka maseru mumaziso kuratidza matambudziko emeso ane hukama nealbinism.

Ndeapi marapirwo ealbinism?

Hakuna mushonga wealbinism. Nekudaro, kurapwa kunogona kubvisa zviratidzo uye kudzivirira kukuvara kwezuva. Kurapa kunogona kusanganisira:

• magirazi ezuva ekudzivirira maziso kubva kumwaranzi yezuva inonzi ultraviolet (UV)
• zvipfeko zvekudzivirira uye chezuva chekudzivirira ganda kubva kumwaranzi ye UV
• magirazi emaziso ekururamisa matambudziko ekuona
• kuvhiya pamhasuru dzemaziso kugadzirisa kusagadzikana kweziso kufamba

Ndeipi tarisiro yenguva refu?

Mhando zhinji dzealbinism hadzikanganise hupenyu hurefu. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, uye Griscelli syndrome inokanganisa hurefu hwehupenyu, zvakadaro. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nematambudziko ehutano ane hukama nema syndromes.

Vanhu vane albinism vanokwanisa kudzikisira mabasa avo ekunze nekuti ganda ravo nemaziso zvinonzwikwa nezuva. UV mwaranzi kubva kuzuva inogona kukonzera gomarara reganda uye kurasikirwa kwemaonero kune vamwe vanhu vane albinism.