Chii Chaunofanira Kuziva Nezve Anthrax Vaccination

Zvemukati

• Nezve mushonga wechigwadara
• Ndiani anowana mushonga uyu?
• Mushonga unopihwa sei?
• Pre-kuburitsa
• Post-kuratidzwa
• Ndiani asingafaniri kuitora?
• Zvimwe zvinokanganisa
• Hunyoro mhedzisiro
• Rare uye emergency emergency mhedzisiro
• Kubatana kwezvinodhaka
• Zvirwere zvekudzivirira
• Mushonga weAnthrax munhau
• Chinokosha

Anthrax chirwere chinotapukira icho chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hunodaidzwa Bacillus anthracis. Izvo hazviwanzo kuwanikwa muUnited States, asi kuputika kwechirwere dzimwe nguva kunoitika. Iyo zvakare ine mukana wekushandisa sechombo chehupenyu.

Anthrax bacteria inogona kuumba zvimiro zvisina kurara zvinodaidzwa kuti mhodzi dzinogona kusimba. Kana idzi spores dzapinda mumuviri, mabhakitiriya anogona kumisazve uye kukonzera zvakakomba uye kunyange zvinouraya chirwere.

Ramba uchiverenga kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvevharusi yeanthrax, ndiani anofanirwa kuitora, uye zvingakonzera mhedzisiro.

Nezve mushonga wechigwadara

Pane mushonga mumwe chete wechigwadara unowanikwa muUnited States. Zita rayo rezita BioThrax. Iwe unogona zvakare kuzviona ichinzi seanthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA).

AVA inogadzirwa uchishandisa svutugadzike yeanthrax iri avirulent, zvinoreva kuti hazvigone kukonzera chirwere. Mushonga uyu hauna kana chero masero ehutachiona.

Pane kudaro, AVA inoumbwa nehutachiona tsika iyo yakasvinwa. Iyo inoguma isina chena mhinduro ine mapuroteni akagadzirwa nehutachiona panguva yekukura.

Imwe yeaya mapuroteni anonzi anodzivirira antigen (PA). PA chimwe chezvinhu zvitatu zvinoumba huturu hwechigwadara, hunoburitswa nehutachiona panguva yehutachiona. Iko kuburitswa kwehupfu kunogona kukonzera chirwere chakakomba.

AVA inokurudzira immune system yako kuti ibudise antibodies kune iyo PA protein. Ma antibodies aya anogona kubatsira kudzikisira huturu hwechigwadara kana ukabatira chirwere.

Ndiani anowana mushonga uyu?

Mushonga wechigwadara hauwanzo kuwanikwa kune veruzhinji. Izvozvi zvinokurudzira kuti mushonga upiwe chete kumapoka akasarudzika.

Aya mapoka vanhu vanogona kusangana nehutachiona hwechigwadara. Ivo vanosanganisira vanhu vane makore 18 kusvika 65 vari:

• vashandi vema laboratori vanoshanda nehutachiona hwechigwadara
• vanhu vanoshanda nemhuka kana zvigadzirwa zvemhuka zvine hutachiona, sevashandi vezvipfuyo
• vamwe mauto eU.S. (sekugadzwa neDhipatimendi reDziviriro)
• vasina kuvharirwa vanhu vakaoneswa hutachiona hwechigwadara

Mushonga unopihwa sei?

Mushonga unopihwa mumhando mbiri dzakasiyana zvichibva pane pre-exposure uye post-exposure kune anthrax.

Pre-kuburitsa

Chekudzivirira, jekiseni reAnthrax rinopihwa muzvikamu zvishanu zvetsandanyama. Iwo madosi anopiwa 1, 6, 12, uye 18 mwedzi mushure mekutanga kwedosi, zvichiteerana.

Pamusoro pematanho matatu ekutanga, zvinowedzera zvinokurudzirwa mwedzi yega gumi nemaviri mushure mekupedzisira kwedosi. Nekuti hutachiona hunogona kudzikira nekufamba kwenguva, zvinowedzera zvinokwanisa kuenderera zvichidzivirira kune vanhu vanogona kusangana neanthrax.

Post-kuratidzwa

Kana mushonga wacho uchinge uchishandiswa kurapa vanhu vasina kubayiwa jekiseni vakaoneswa chirwere cheAnthrax, chirongwa ichi chinomanikidzwa kuita madhayeti matatu anotsvedza.

Mushonga wekutanga unopihwa nekukurumidza sezvazvinogona, nepo wechipiri newechitatu uchipihwa mushure memasvondo maviri nemana. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya ichapihwa kwemazuva makumi matanhatu pamwe chete nemajekiseni.

Ndiani asingafaniri kuitora?

Vanhu vanotevera havafanirwe kugamuchira mushonga wechigwadara:

• vanhu vakamboita zvakakomba kana kutyisidzira hupenyu mushonga weanthrax kana chimwe chezvinhu zvacho
• vanhu vane immune system isina simba nekuda kwema autoimmune mamiriro, HIV, kana mishonga senge kurapwa gomarara
• vakadzi vane nhumbu kana vanotenda kuti vanogona kuve nepamuviri
• vanhu vakamboita chirwere chechigwadara
• vanhu vari pakati nepakati kusvika pakurwara zvakanyanya (vanofanirwa kumirira kusvikira vapora kuti vawane jekiseni)

Zvimwe zvinokanganisa

Kufanana nechero mushonga kana mushonga, mushonga weanthrax zvakare une zvimwe zvinogona kukanganisika.

Hunyoro mhedzisiro

Zvinoenderana neiyo, mhedzisiro mhedzisiro inogona kusanganisira:

• kutsvuka, kuzvimba, kana bundu panzvimbo yejekiseni
• manzwiro ekurwadziwa kana kunhuwa panzvimbo yejekiseni
• mhasuru kurwadza uye marwadzo paruoko pakapihwa jekiseni, izvo zvinogona kudzikamisa kufamba
• kunzwa kuneta kana kuneta
• musoro

Iyi mhedzisiro inowanzo gadzirisa yega pasina kurapwa.

Rare uye emergency emergency mhedzisiro

Sekureva kweiyo, yakakomba mhedzisiro mhedzisiro iyo yakataurwa inosanganisira zvakakomba maanergic reaction senge anaphylaxis. Izvi zvinowanzoitika mukati memaminitsi kana maawa ekugamuchira mushonga.

Zvakakosha kuziva zviratidzo zveanaphylaxis kuitira kuti ugone kutsvaga rubatsiro rwechimbichimbi. Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira:

• kunetseka kufema
• kuzvimba pahuro, miromo, kana kumeso
• kusvotwa
• kurutsa
• marwadzo emudumbu
• manyoka
• kukurumidza kurova kwemoyo
• kunzwa dzungu
• kufenda

Aya marudzi emhinduro haawanikwe, nechikamu chiri kutaurwa pamazana zana emadhora akapiwa.

Kubatana kwezvinodhaka

Mushonga weanthrax haufanire kupihwa pamwe chete nemishonga yekuzvidzivirira, kusanganisira chemotherapy, corticosteroids, uye radiation radiation. Aya marapirwo anogona kutapudza kushanda kweAVA.

Zvirwere zvekudzivirira

Pamwe chete nemapuroteni anoita sechinhu chinoshanda chemushonga weanthrax, zvinodzivirira uye zvimwe zvinoumba mushonga. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• aluminium hydroxide, chinowanzojairika mune antacids
• sodium chloride (munyu)
• benzethonium chloride
• formaldehyde

Mushonga weAnthrax munhau

Iwe unogona kunge wakanzwa nezve mushonga weanthrax munhau pamusoro pemakore apfuura. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekunetsekana munharaunda yemasoja maererano nemhedzisiro kubva kuhutachiona hwechigwadara. Saka inyaya yei?

Dhipatimendi reDziviriro rakatanga chirongwa chinobvumidzwa kubaya nhomba mu1998. Chinangwa chechirongwa ichi chaive chekudzivirira mauto pakurwisa mukana webhakitiriya yeanthrax inoshandiswa sechombo chekubereka.

Kunetsekana kunovandudzwa munharaunda yemasoja maererano neanogona kuitika kwenguva refu hutano hutano hwechirwere cheanthrax, kunyanya paVarwi veGulf War. Parizvino, vaongorori havana kuwana hukama pakati pemushonga weanthrax uye chirwere chenguva refu.

Muna 2006, chirongwa chekudzivirira chakavandudzwa kuti mushonga weanthrax uzvipire kumapoka mazhinji muchiuto. Zvisinei, zvichiri kusungirwa kune vamwe vashandi. Aya mapoka anosanganisira avo vanobatanidzwa mumisangano yakasarudzika kana vakamira munzvimbo dzine njodzi huru.

Chinokosha

Mushonga wechigwadara unodzivirira pahwaro hwechigwadara, chirwere chinogona kuuraya chinokonzerwa nehutachiona. Pane mushonga mumwe chete wechigwadara unowanikwa muUnited States. Iyo inoumbwa nemapuroteni anobva mutsika yebhakitiriya.

Chete mapoka akasarudzika evanhu anokwanisa kugamuchira mushonga weanthrax, kusanganisira mapoka akaita mamwe masayendisiti erabhoritari, veterinarians, uye mauto. Inogona zvakare kupihwa kune munhu asina kubayiwa jekiseni kana akafumurwa neanthrax.

Mazhinji emhedzisiro kubva kujekiseni weanthrax akapfava uye anoenda mushure memazuva mashoma. Zvisinei, muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, zvakanyanya kukanganiswa kwehutano kwakaitika. Kana zvakakurudzirwa kuti ugamuchire jekiseni reAnthrax, ita chokwadi chekukurukura zvinogona kuitika pamwe nachiremba wako usati wagamuchira.