Kuedzwa kweAutism

Zvemukati

• Ndiani ane mukana wakakura wekuwanikwa aine autism?
• Ndezvipi zviratidzo zve autism?
• Autism inoonekwa sei?
• Kuvandudza kuongorora
• Yakakwana yekuongorora maitiro
• Kuongorora genetic
• Tora woenda nazvo

Getty Mifananidzo

Autism, kana autism spectrum kusagadzikana (ASD), chirwere chetsinga chinogona kukonzera mutsauko mukushamwaridzana, kutaurirana, uye hunhu. Iko kuongororwa kunogona kutaridzika kwakasiyana, sezvo pasina vaviri vanhu vane autistic vakafanana, uye vanogona kunge vaine zvakasiyana zvinodiwa zvekutsigira.

Autism spectrum kusagadzikana (ASD) izwi remumbure rinobatanidza matatu akambove mamiriro akapatsanurwa ayo asisiri kutariswa kuongororwa kwehunyanzvi mune yazvino Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (DSM-5):

• autistic kusagadzikana
• yakapararira yekukura kusagadzikana, kwete zvimwe zvakatsanangurwa (PDD-NOS)
• Asperger chirwere

MuDSM-5, zvese izvi kuongororwa zvino zvakanyorwa pasi pemaambura embichana eASD. ASD nhanho 1, 2, uye 3 zvinoratidza padanho rerutsigiro munhu ane autistic angangoda.

Ndiani ane mukana wakakura wekuwanikwa aine autism?

Maererano neCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nezvevana muUnited States vaive neASD muna2016. Autism spectrum disorder inoitika mumapoka ese erudzi, madzinza, uye hupfumi.

Izvo zvaifungidzirwa kuve nezve zvakajairika pakati pevakomana kupfuura vasikana. Asi ongororo ichangobva kuitwa yakaratidza kuti sezvo vasikana vane ASD vachiwanzouya nenzira dzakasiyana kana vachienzaniswa nevakomana, vanogona kutadza kuongororwa.

Vasikana vanowanzovanza zviratidzo zvavo nekuda kwezvinozivikanwa se "kufukidza maitiro." Naizvozvo ASD inogona kuve yakajairika muvasikana kupfuura zvaifungwa kare.

Hakuna mushonga unozivikanwa weASD, uye vanachiremba havana kuwana chaizvo kuti chii chinokonzeresa, kunyangwe tichiziva kuti majini anoita basa. Vanhu vazhinji munharaunda ye autistic havatendi kuti mushonga unodiwa.

Panogona kunge paine zvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvinoita kuti mwana akwanise kuve neASD, kusanganisira zvakatipoteredza, zvipenyu, nemajini.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zve autism?

Zviratidzo zvekutanga uye zviratidzo zve autism zvinosiyana zvakanyanya. Vamwe vana vane ASD vanongova nezviratidzo zvakapfava, uye vamwe vane hunhu hwakakomba nyaya.

Vana vadiki vanofarira kufambidzana nevanhu uye nharaunda yavanogara. Vabereki ndivo vekutanga kuona kuti mwana wavo ari kuratidza hunhu.

Wese mwana pane iyo autism spectrum inosangana nematambudziko munzvimbo dzinotevera:

• kutaurirana (kutaura uye kusataura)
• kudyidzana kwevanhu
• kurambidzwa kana kudzokorora maitiro

Zviratidzo zvekutanga zveASD zvinogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwemitauro kunonoka (senge kusabhabhatidza negore rimwe zera kana kusataura mitsara ine makore maviri ezera)
• kusanongedzera zvinhu kana vanhu kana kukwazisa ruoko
• kusatevera vanhu nemaziso avo
• kuratidza kushayikwa kwekuteerera kana zita ravo rodaidzwa
• kusateedzera kumeso
• kusatambanudza kunhonga
• kumhanyira mukati kana pedyo nemadziro
• kuda kuve ndega kana kutamba wega
• kwete kutamba mitambo yekutenda kana kunyepedzera kutamba (semuenzaniso, kudyisa chidhori)
• kuva nehanya zvakanyanya mune zvimwe zvinhu kana misoro
• kudzokorora mazwi kana zviito
• zvichikonzera kukuvara kwavo
• kuva nehasha
• kuratidza kukwirira kwakanyanya munzira iyo zvinhu zvinonhuwira kana kuravira

Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kuratidza imwe kana yakawanda yemaitiro aya hazvireve kuti mwana anozo (kwanisa zvinodiwa) anokwanisa kuongororwa neASD.

Izvi zvinogona zvakare kunzi kune mamwe mamiriro kana kungofungidzirwa hunhu hunhu.

Autism inoonekwa sei?

Vanachiremba vanowanzoongorora ASD vachiri vadiki. Nekudaro, nekuti zviratidzo uye kuomarara zvinosiyana zvakanyanya, autism spectrum kusagadzikana dzimwe nguva zvinogona kunetsa kuongorora.

Vamwe vanhu havana kuongororwa kusvika vakura.

Parizvino, hapana imwe bvunzo yepamutemo yekuongorora autism. Mubereki kana chiremba vanogona kuona zviratidzo zvekutanga zveASD mumwana mudiki, kunyangwe kuongororwa kuchizoda kusimbiswa.

Kana zviratidzo zvikazvisimbisa, timu yenyanzvi uye nyanzvi kazhinji inowanzoita kuongororwa kweASD zviri pamutemo. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira chiremba wepfungwa kana neuropsychologist, chiremba wevana anosimudzira, chiremba wezveuropi, uye / kana chiremba wepfungwa.

Kuvandudza kuongorora

Kutanga kubva pakuberekwa, chiremba wako anozotarisa mwana wako kuti afambire mberi mukufambira mberi panguva dzekujaira uye dzekushanya kazhinji.

IAmerican Academy yePediatrics (AAP) inokurudzira kuongororwa kwakaitwa autism-yakatarwa bvunzo pamwedzi gumi nemasere nemakumi maviri nematanhatu kuwedzera mukuwongorora kwakawanda kwekuvandudza.

Kana uine hanya nekukura kwemwana wako, chiremba wako anogona kukuendesa kune nyanzvi, kunyanya kana hama kana imwe nhengo yemhuri iine ASD.

Nyanzvi ichaitisa bvunzo senge yekunzwa bvunzo kuongorora matsi / kunetseka kunzwa kuti uone kana paine chikonzero chemuviri chemaitiro akacherechedzwa.

Vanozoshandisawo mamwe maturusi ekuongorora autism, senge Yakagadziridzwa Yekutarisa yeAutism muVana vadiki (M-CHAT).

Rondedzero iyi chishandiso chekuvandudzwa chekuongorora chinozadzwa nevabereki. Izvo zvinobatsira kuona mukana wemwana wekuve neatism yakaderera, yepakati, kana yepamusoro. Muedzo wacho mahara uye une mibvunzo makumi maviri.

Kana bvunzo ikaratidza kuti mwana wako ane mukana wakakura wekuve neASD, vanogashira zvakazara kuongororwa kuongororwa.

Kana mwana wako aine mukana wepakati, mibvunzo yekutevera inogona kuve yakakosha kuti ubatsire kunyatsogadzirisa zvabuda.

Yakakwana yekuongorora maitiro

Nhanho inotevera mukuongorora kwe autism kuongororwa kwakazara kwemuviri uye neurologic. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira timu yenyanzvi. Nyanzvi dzinogona kusanganisira:

• vanachiremba vezvekurapa
• vana vezvepfungwa
• mwana neurologists
• kutaura uye mutauro pathologists
• varapi vemabasa

Iko kuongorora kunogona zvakare kusanganisa maturusi ekuongorora. Kune akawanda akasiyana ekuvandudza ekuongorora ekushandisa. Hapana chishandiso chimwe chinogona kuongorora autism. Pane kudaro, musanganiswa wezvishandiso zvakawanda zvinodikanwa kuti utachiona hutachiona.

Mimwe mienzaniso yemidziyo yekuongorora inosanganisira:

• Makore uye Matanho emibvunzo (ASQ)
• Autism Kuongorora Bvunzurudzo - Yakagadziridzwa (ADI-R)
• Autism Kuongorora Kucherekedza Chirongwa (ADOS)
• Autism Spectrum Chiyero Zviyero (ASRS)
• Yevacheche Autism Kuyera Chiyero (CARS)
• Kupararira Kwekusimudzira Kwekusimudzira Kuongorora Bvunzo - Chikamu chechitatu
• Kuongorora kweVabereki Kwekuvandudza Mamiriro (PEDS)
• Gilliam Autism Kuyera Chiyero
• Screening Chishandiso cheAutism muVana vadiki uye Vechidiki Vana (STAT)
• Yemagariro Kutaurirana Mubvunzo (SCQ)

Sekureva kweiyo, iyo nyowani shanduro yeAmerican Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (DSM-5) inopawo zviyero zvakaenzana zvekubatsira kuongorora ASD.

Kuongorora genetic

Kunyangwe autism ichizivikanwa sehunhu hwechibereko, kuongororwa kwemajini hakugone kuongorora kana kuona autism. Kune akawanda majini uye zvakatipoteredza zvinhu zvinogona kubatsira kuASD.

Mamwe marabhoritari anokwanisa kuyedza mamwe emamwe ma biomarker anotendwa kunge zviratidziro zveASD. Ivo vanotarisa vanowanzozivikanwa vanoziva vanopa, kunyangwe vashoma vanhu vanowana mhinduro dzinobatsira.

Mhedzisiro yeimwe yeaya majekiseni ekuongorora zvinoreva kuti genetics inogona kunge yakapa kuvapo kweASD.

Chaizvoizvo mhedzisiro zvinongoreva kuti chaicho chibereko chinobviswa chakabviswa kunze uye kuti chikonzero chacho hachisati chazivikanwa.

Tora woenda nazvo

ASD yakajairika uye haifanire kunge iri chikonzero che alarm. Autistic vanhu vanogona kubudirira nekuwana nharaunda dzekutsigirwa uye neruzivo rwakagovaniswa.

Asi kuongorora ASD nekukasira uye nenzira kwayo kwakakosha kubvumira munhu ane autistic kuti azvinzwisise ivo uye nezvavanoda, uye nevamwe (vabereki, vadzidzisi, nezvimwewo) kuti vanzwisise maitiro avo uye mapinduriro avangaite.

Neuroplasticity yemwana, kana kugona kuchinjika zvinoenderana nezviitiko zvitsva, chikuru pakutanga. Kupindira kwekutanga kunogona kudzikisa matambudziko anogona kusangana nemwana wako. Izvo zvakare zvinovapa iwo akanakisa mukana werusununguko.

Kana zvichidikanwa, kugadzirisa marapirwo ekusangana nezvinodiwa nemwana wako wega zvinogona kubudirira mukuvabatsira kurarama hupenyu hwavo hwakanakisa. Chikwata chehunyanzvi, vadzidzisi, varapi, vanachiremba, uye vabereki vanofanirwa kugadzira chirongwa chemwana wega wega.

Kazhinji, mwana anotanga kuongororwa, zvirinani maonero avo enguva refu.