6 Zvakajairika Thyroid Dambudziko & Matambudziko

Zvemukati

• Hyperthyroidism
• Hyperthyroidism kuongororwa uye kurapwa
• Hypothyroidism
• Hypothyroidism kuongororwa uye kurapwa
• Hashimoto's thyroiditis
• Hashimoto kuongororwa uye kurapwa
• Chirwere chemakuva
• Graves 'chirwere kuongororwa uye kurapwa
• Goiter
• Goiter kuongororwa uye kurapwa
• Makunduru ehutachiona
• Utachiona nodules kuongororwa uye kurapwa
• Kazhinji hutachiona mamiriro muvana
• Hypothyroidism
• Hyperthyroidism
• Makunduru ehutachiona
• Gomarara redundira
• Kudzivirira utachiona kusashanda

Mhedziso

Utachiona idiki, gland-yakaita gland iri pazasi pemutsipa wako pazasi peapuro raAdam. Icho chikamu cheyakaomesesa network yemaseru inonzi endocrine system. Iyo endocrine system ine basa rekugadzirisa mazhinji emitezo yemuviri wako. Iyo yegland gland inogadzira mahormone ayo anodzora muviri wako metabolism.

Matambudziko akatiwandei anogona kumuka kana utachiona hwako hukaburitsa mahormone akawandisa (hyperthyroidism) kana kwete (hypothyroidism).

Matambudziko mana anowanzoitika ehutachiona ndiHashimoto's thyroiditis, chirwere cheGraves, goiter, uye nodules yetachiona.

Hyperthyroidism

Mune hyperthyroidism, iyo gland yegland yakanyanyisa. Inoburitsa yakawandisa mahormone ayo. Hyperthyroidism inokanganisa inenge 1 muzana yevakadzi. Izvo zvishoma zvakajairika muvarume.

Chirwere cheGraves ndicho chinonyanya kukonzera hyperthyroidism, chinokanganisa zvikamu makumi manomwe kubva muzana zvevanhu vane hutachiona hwakanyanya. Nodules pane iyo thyroid - mamiriro anonzi ane huturu nodular goiter kana multinodular goiter - inogona zvakare kukonzera gland kuwedzeredza mahormone ayo.

Kuwedzeredza utachiona hwehormone kugadzirwa kunotungamira kune zviratidzo zvakaita se:

• kusagadzikana
• huta
• kumhanya mwoyo
• kugumbuka
• kuwedzera kudikitira
• kuzunza
• kushushikana
• kunetseka kurara
• ganda rakatetepa
• bvudzi rakapfava nezvipikiri
• kushaya simba kwetsandanyama
• kuonda
• maziso anobuda (muchirwere cheGraves)

Hyperthyroidism kuongororwa uye kurapwa

Kuongororwa kweropa kuyera huwandu hwehutachiona hwehomoni (thyroxine, kana T4) uye thyroid-inosimudzira mahormone (TSH) muropa rako. Iyo pituitary gland inoburitsa TSH kukurudzira iyo thyroid kuburitsa mahormone ayo. High thyroxine uye yakaderera TSH mazinga anoratidza kuti yako yegland gland yakanyanyisa kushanda.

Chiremba wako anogona zvakare kukupa iwe radioactive iodine nemuromo kana sejekiseni, uye wozoyera kuti yakawanda sei iyo yako yegland gland inotora. Utachiona hwako hunotora ayodini kuti ibudise mahormone ayo. Kutora iodine yakawanda ine radioactive chiratidzo chekuti utachiona hwako hwanyanyisa. Iyo yakaderera mwero we radioactivity inogadzirisa nekukurumidza uye haina njodzi kune vanhu vazhinji.

Kurapa kweiyo hyperthyroidism kunoparadza iyo gland gland kana kuivharira kubva mukugadzira ayo mahormone.

• Mishonga yeAntithyroid yakadai semethimazole (Tapazole) inodzivirira utachiona kubva pakuburitsa mahormone ayo.
• Dosi hombe yeredhiyo ine radioactive inokuvadza gland yegland. Unozvitora sepiritsi nemuromo. Sezvo yako yegland gland inotora iodine, inodhonzawo mune radioactive iodine, iyo inokuvadza gland.
• Kuvhiya kunogona kuitwa kubvisa yako thyroid gland.

Kana iwe uine radioactive iodine kurapwa kana kuvhiyiwa kunoparadza yako thyroid gland, iwe unozokura hypothyroidism uye unoda kutora utachiona hwehomoni zuva nezuva.

Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism inopesana ne hyperthyroidism. Iyo utachiona gland haina kushanda, uye haigone kuburitsa yakaringana mahormone ayo.

Hypothyroidism inowanzo kukonzerwa naHashimoto's thyroiditis, kuvhiya kubvisa gland yegland, kana kukuvara kubva pakurapwa nemwaranzi. MuUnited States, inobata kwakatenderedza 4.6 muzana yevanhu vane makore gumi nemaviri zvichikwira. Mazhinji kesi e hypothyroidism akapfava.

Kugadzirwa kudiki kwehomoni yehomoni inotungamira kune zviratidzo zvakaita se:

• kuneta
• ganda rakaoma
• kuwedzera kwekunzwa kutonhora
• matambudziko ekurangarira
• kuvimbiswa
• kuora mwoyo
• kurema kuwedzera
• kushaya simba
• kunonoka kurova kwemoyo
• coma

Hypothyroidism kuongororwa uye kurapwa

Chiremba wako achaita bvunzo dzeropa kuyera yako TSH uye thyroid mahormone mazinga. Iyo yakakwira TSH nhanho uye yakaderera thyroxine nhanho inogona kureva kuti yako utachiona isingashande. Aya mazinga anogona zvakare kuratidza kuti yako pituitary gland iri kuburitsa yakawanda TSH kuyedza kukurudzira iyo yegland gland kugadzira yayo hormone.

Mushonga mukuru wehypothyroidism kutora mapiritsi ehutachiona. Izvo zvakakosha kuti utore iwo mushe nenzira kwayo, nekuti kutora yakawandisa thyroid thyroid kunogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvehyperthyroidism.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Hashimoto's thyroiditis inozivikanwa zvakare seyakagara lymphocytic thyroiditis. Icho chinonyanya kukonzera hypothyroidism muUnited States, ichikanganisa vangangoita mamirioni gumi nemana ekuAmerica. Zvinogona kuitika chero zera, asi zvinowanzoitika kune vakadzi vane makore ari pakati nepakati. Chirwere ichi chinoitika apo immune system inorwisa zvisirizvo uye nekuparadza zvishoma nezvishoma iyo gland yegland uye kugona kwayo kuburitsa mahormone.

Vamwe vanhu vane hunyoro kesi dzeHashimoto's thyroiditis vanogona kunge vasina zviratidzo zviri pachena. Chirwere ichi chinogona kuramba chakadzikama kwemakore, uye zviratidzo zvinowanzo nyengera. Izvo zvakare hazvina kusarudzika, zvinoreva kuti vanoteedzera zviratidzo zveimwe yakawanda mamiriro. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira:

• kuneta
• kuora mwoyo
• kuvimbiswa
• kurema kuwedzera huremu
• ganda rakaoma
• bvudzi rakaoma, kuonda
• yakachenuruka, kumeso kumeso
• rinorema uye risina kujairika kuenda kumwedzi
• kusashivirira kutonhora
• yakawedzera utachiona, kana goiter

Hashimoto kuongororwa uye kurapwa

Kuedza huwandu hweTSH kazhinji danho rekutanga kana uchiongorora chero mhando yehutachiona chirwere. Chiremba wako anogona kuraira kuongororwa kweropa kuti aongorore kuwanda kweTSH pamwe neakaderera mahormone ehutachiona (T3 kana T4) kana uri kusangana nezvimwe zvezviratidzo zviri pamusoro. Hashimoto's thyroiditis chirwere che autoimmune, saka kuongororwa kweropa kwaizoratidzawo maronda asina kujairika anogona kunge ari kurwisa utachiona.

Iko hakuna kurapwa kunozivikanwa kweHashimoto's thyroiditis. Hormone-kutsiva mishonga inowanzo shandiswa kusimudza utachiona hwehomoni mazinga kana kudzikisa mwero weTSH. Inogona zvakare kubatsira kubvisa zviratidzo zvechirwere. Kuvhiya kungave kuri madikanwa kubvisa chikamu kana chese chetachiona gland mune zvisingawanzoitika zviitiko zvemberi zveHashimoto's. Chirwere ichi chinowanzoonekwa padanho rekutanga uye chinoramba chakadzikama kwemakore nekuti chinofamba zvishoma nezvishoma.

Chirwere chemakuva

Chirwere cheMakuva chakatumidzwa zita kuna chiremba uyo akatanga kuchitsanangura anopfuura makore zana nemakumi mashanu apfuura. Icho chinonyanya kukonzera hyperthyroidism muUnited States, inokanganisa munhu mumwe muvanhu mazana maviri.

Graves 'chirwere chemuviri chinowanzoitika apo immune system inorwisa zvisirizvo chirwere chetachiona. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuti gland iwedzere kubereka iyo hormone inoona nezve kudzora metabolism.

Hosha iyi inhaka uye inogona kukura chero pazera revarume kana vakadzi, asi rakajairika muvakadzi vane makore makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu, sekureva kwaiye. Zvimwe zvinhu zvine njodzi zvinosanganisira kushushikana, nhumbu, uye kuputa.

Kana paine huwandu hwakawanda hwehormone yehutachiona muropa rako, masisitimu emuviri wako anomhanyisa uye anokonzeresa zviratidzo zvinowanzoitika kune hyperthyroidism. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• kushushikana
• kugumbuka
• kuneta
• kudedera kwemaoko
• yakawedzera kana isina kujairika kurova kwemoyo
• vangadikitira zvakanyanya
• kunetseka kurara
• manyoka kana kugara uchiita ura
• akachinja kumwedzi
• goiter
• maziso anoputika uye matambudziko ekuona

Graves 'chirwere kuongororwa uye kurapwa

Ongororo yakapfava yemuviri inogona kuburitsa utachiona hwakawedzeredzwa, maziso akakwidziridzwa, uye zviratidzo zvekuwedzera kwemetabolism, kusanganisira kupomba nekukwirisa kweropa. Chiremba wako acharaira zvakare kuongororwa kweropa kuti aongorore huwandu hwakawanda hweT4 uye huwandu hwakaderera hweTSH, zvese zviri zviratidzo zvechirwere cheMakuva. Iyo radioactive iodine inotora bvunzo inogona zvakare kupihwa kuyera kuti inokurumidza sei utachiona hwako kutora iodine. Kutora kwakawanda kwe ayodini kunoenderana nechirwere cheMakuva.

Iko hakuna kurapwa kwekumisa immune system kubva pakurwisa iyo yegland gland uye ichikonzera kuti iwedzere kubereka mahormone. Nekudaro, izvo zviratidzo zvechirwere cheMakuva zvinogona kudzorwa munzira dzinoverengeka, kazhinji pamwe nekubatanidzwa kwemishonga:

• beta-blockers kudzora kukurumidza kwemoyo, kushushikana, uye kudikitira
• antithyroid mishonga yekudzivirira yako utachiona kubva mukuburitsa yakawandisa mahormone
• radioactive iodine yekuparadza zvese kana chikamu chetachiona chako
• kuvhiya kubvisa yako yegland gland, sarudzo yekusingaperi kana iwe usingakwanise kushivirira antithyroid zvinodhaka kana radioactive iodine

Kubudirira kwehypythyroidism kurapwa kazhinji kunoguma ne hypothyroidism. Iwe uchafanirwa kutora hormone-kutsiva mishonga kubva ipapo pfungwa kumberi. Chirwere cheGraves chinogona kukonzeresa kumatambudziko emwoyo nemapfupa anotsemuka kana chikasarapwa.

Goiter

Goiter kuwedzera kusinganzwisisike kwechirwere chetachiona. Chikonzero chakajairika chegomarara pasirese kushomeka kweIodine mukudya. Vanoongorora vanofungidzira kuti goiter inokanganisa mamirioni mazana maviri emamirioni mazana masere evanhu vasina ayodini pasirese.

Zvakare, goiter inowanzo kukonzerwa ne - uye chiratidzo che - hyperthyroidism muUnited States, uko munyu wakaiswa iodized inopa iodine yakawanda.

Goiter inogona kubata chero munhu pazera ripi zvaro, kunyanya munzvimbo dzepasi apo chikafu chine hupfumi muayodini chiri kushomeka. Zvisinei, goiters inowanzoitika mushure memakore makumi mana uye mumadzimai, avo vanogona kunge vane chirwere chetachiona. Zvimwe zvinhu zvine njodzi zvinosanganisira nhoroondo yemhuri yekurapa, kumwe kushandiswa kwemishonga, kubata pamuviri, uye kuratidzwa nemwaranzi.

Panogona kunge pasina zviratidzo kana hosha isina kunyanyisa. Iyo goiter inogona kukonzera chimwe kana zvimwe zvezvinotevera zviratidzo kana ichikura zvakakwana zvakakwana, zvinoenderana nesaizi:

• kuzvimba kana kuomesa mumutsipa wako
• kunetseka kufema kana kumedza
• kukosora kana kufema
• hoarseness yezwi

Goiter kuongororwa uye kurapwa

Chiremba wako anonzwa nzvimbo yako yemutsipa uye unomedza iwe panguva yekujaidzwa kwepanyama. Kuongororwa kweropa kucharatidza huwandu hwehomoni yegland, TSH, uye ma antibodies muropa rako. Izvi zvichaongorora hutachiona hutachiona hunowanzo kuve chikonzero chegomarara. Iyo ultrasound yeiyo thyroid inogona kutarisa kuzvimba kana ma nodule.

Goiter inowanzo kurapwa chete kana zvanyanyisa kuita zviratidzo. Iwe unogona kutora madiki madiki eodini kana goiter iri mhedzisiro yekushomeka kweodini. Iodine ine radioactive inogona kudzikisira gland yegland. Kuvhiya kuchabvisa zvese kana chikamu chegland. Marapirwo anowanzo kuwanda nekuti goiter inowanzo kuve chiratidzo chehyperthyroidism.

Goiters inowanzo kuve yakabatana neinorapika zvakanyanya utachiona kusagadzikana, senge Graves 'chirwere. Kunyange hazvo goiters isingawanzo chikonzero chekufunganya, dzinogona kukonzera zvakakomba matambudziko kana dzikasarapwa. Aya matambudziko anogona kusanganisira kunetseka kufema uye kumedza.

Makunduru ehutachiona

Matunduru ehutachiona ndiwo anokura anoumba mukati kana mumatumbu egland. Inenge 1 muzana yevarume uye zvikamu zvishanu kubva muzana zvevakadzi vanogara munyika dzine ayodhini vane mahunhu ehutachiona akakura zvakakwana kuti anzwe. Vanenge makumi mashanu kubva muzana yevanhu vanozove nemanyowa madiki kwazvo kuti anzwe.

Zvinokonzera hazvizivikanwe nguva dzose asi zvinogona kusanganisira kushomeka kweiodini uye Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Iwo ma nodule anogona kunge akasimba kana akazara nemvura.

Mazhinji ane utsinye, asi anogona zvakare kuve nekenza mune diki muzana kesi. Sezvimwe nezvimwe zvinetso zvine chekuita nehutachiona, maqhumu anowanzoitika kuvakadzi kupfuura varume, uye njodzi munhurume nevanhukadzi inowedzera nezera.

Mazhinji maune nodule haakonzere chero zviratidzo. Nekudaro, kana zvikakura zvakakwana, zvinogona kukonzera kuzvimba mumutsipa wako uye zvinotungamira mukufema uye nekumedza matambudziko, kurwadziwa, uye goiter.

Mamwe maqhumu anogadzira hutachiona hwehomoni, zvichikonzera mwero wakakwira zvakanyanya muropa. Kana izvi zvikaitika, zviratidzo zvakafanana neiyo hyperthyroidism uye inogona kusanganisira:

• yakakwirira kupomba zvazvingava
• huta
• kuwedzera kudya
• kudengenyeka
• kuonda
• clammy ganda

Kune rimwe divi, zviratidzo zvichave zvakafanana ne hypothyroidism kana marondedzero akabatana nechirwere cheHashimoto. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• kuneta
• kurema kuwedzera
• kurasikirwa nevhudzi
• ganda rakaoma
• kutonhora kusashivirira

Utachiona nodules kuongororwa uye kurapwa

Mazhinji ma nodule anoonekwa panguva yekujairwa kwepanyama. Inogona zvakare kuwanikwa panguva yeiyo ultrasound, CT scan, kana MRI. Kamwe nodule ikaonekwa, mamwe maitiro - bvunzo yeTSH uye utachiona scan - inogona kutarisa hyperthyroidism kana hypothyroidism. Yakanaka tsono yekutsvagisa biopsy inoshandiswa kutora sampuro yemasero kubva mumusoro uye kuona kana iyo nodule iri cancer.

Benign thyroid nodules haina kutyisidzira hupenyu uye kazhinji haidi kurapwa. Kazhinji, hapana chinoitwa kubvisa nodule kana ikasachinja nekufamba kwenguva. Chiremba wako anogona kuita imwe bhiopsy uye achikurudzira radioactive iodine yekudzora ma nodule kana ikakura.

Cancerous maqhumu haana kujairika - sekureva kweNational Cancer Institute, gomarara rekenza rinokanganisa isingasvike 4 muzana yevagari. Mushonga unokurudzirwa nachiremba wako unosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwebundu. Kubvisa utachiona kuburikidza nekuvhiyiwa kazhinji ndiko kurapwa kwesarudzo. Radiation therapy dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa pamwe kana pasina kuvhiyiwa. Chemotherapy inowanzo kudikanwa kana kenza ikapararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri.

Kazhinji hutachiona mamiriro muvana

Vana vanogona zvakare kuwana mamiriro ehutachiona, kusanganisira:

• hypothyroidism
• hyperthyroidism
• mamota ehutachiona
• kenza yehutachiona

Dzimwe nguva vana vanozvarwa vaine dambudziko rehutachiona. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuvhiyiwa, chirwere, kana kurapwa kweimwe mamiriro kuchikonzera.

Hypothyroidism

Vana vanogona kuwana mhando dzakasiyana dzehypothyroidism:

• Congenital hypothyroidism inoitika kana gland yegland isingaiti’t kukura zvakanaka pakuzvarwa. Inobata anenge mumwe chete pavane zviuru zviviri nemazana mashanu kusvika kumazana matatu evana vanozvarwa muUnited States.
• Autoimmune hypothyroidism inokonzerwa nechirwere che autoimmune umo immune system inorwisa iyo gland gland. Rudzi urwu runowanzo kukonzerwa neusingaperi lymphocytic thyroiditis. Autoimmune hypothyroidism inowanzo kuoneka mukati memakore ekuyaruka, uye izvo’s yakajairika muvasikana kupfuura vakomana.
• Iatrogenic hypothyroidism inoitika muvana vane yavo gland gland yakabviswa kana kuparadzwa - kuburikidza nekuvhiyiwa, semuenzaniso.

Zviratidzo zve hypothyroidism muvana zvinosanganisira:

• kuneta
• kurema kuwedzera
• kuvimbiswa
• kusashivirira kutonhora
• bvudzi rakaoma, rakatetepa
• ganda rakaoma
• kunonoka kurova kwemoyo
• izwi rakashoshoma
• kumeso kwekuzvimba
• kuwedzera kuyerera kwekuenda kumwedzi kune vakadzi vadiki

Hyperthyroidism

Kune zvikonzero zvakawanda zve hyperthyroidism muvana:

• Chirwere chemakuva haina kujairika muvana kupfuura vanhu vakuru. Chirwere cheGraves chinowanzoonekwa mukati memakore ekuyaruka, uye chinobata vasikana vakawanda kupfuura vakomana.
• Hyperfunctioning thyroid mapundu ndiwo kukura pane mwana wegland gland iro rinoburitsa yakawandisa utachiona kemikari.
• Utachiona inokonzerwa nekuzvimba muhutachiona gland inoita kuti utachiona hwehormone idonhe kubuda muropa.

Zviratidzo zve hyperthyroidism muvana zvinosanganisira:

• kukurumidza kurova kwemoyo
• kuzunza
• maziso anobuda (muvana vane chirwere cheMakuva)
• kusagadzikana uye kusagadzikana
• kusarara zvakanaka
• kuwedzera kudya
• kuonda
• kuwedzera ura kufamba
• kusashivirira kupisa
• goiter

Makunduru ehutachiona

Matutu ehutachiona haana kujairika muvana, asi kana zvikaitika, vanogona kuve nekenza. Chiratidzo chikuru chehutachiona nodule mumwana ibundu mumutsipa.

Gomarara redundira

Kenza yehutachiona ndiyo yakajairika mhando yekenza yemakemikari muvana, asi ichiri chisingawanzoitika. Inowanikwa mune isingasviki 1 kubva pa1 miriyoni yevana vari pasi pemakore gumi gore rega. Chiitiko chacho chakati kwirei kuyaruka, ine mwero wezingaite gumi neshanu pamamirioni mune vane makore 15- kusvika 19-vezera.

Zviratidzo zvegomarara rekenza muvana zvinosanganisira:

• bundu muhuro
• kuzvimba gland
• kunzwa kwakasimba mumutsipa
• kunetseka kufema kana kumedza
• izwi rakashoshoma

Kudzivirira utachiona kusashanda

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, haugone kudzivirira hypothyroidism kana hyperthyroidism. Munyika dzichiri kusimukira, hypothyroidism inowanzo kukonzerwa nekushomeka kweodini. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwe ayodini patafura yemunyu, kushomeka uku hakuwanzo muUnited States.

Hyperthyroidism inowanzo kukonzerwa nechirwere cheMakuva, chirwere chemuviri chisingadziviririke. Iwe unogona kuseta yakanyanyisa hutachiona nekutora yakawandisa utachiona kemikari. Kana iwe ukanzi utachiona kemikari, ita chokwadi chekutora iyo chaiyo dosi. Mune zvisingawanzoitika zviitiko, yako utachiona inogona kuita yakanyanyisa kushanda kana iwe ukadya zvakawandisa zvekudya zvine iodine, senge tafura yemunyu, hove, uye gungwa regungwa.

Kunyangwe iwe usingakwanise kudzivirira chirwere chetachiona, unogona kudzivirira matambudziko ayo nekuonekwa ipapo ipapo uye nekutevera kurapwa kwaunorayirwa nachiremba.