Zvese Zvaunoda Kuziva Nezve Coronavirus Kuongororwa

Zvemukati

• Ndeapi marudzi akajairika eECVID-19 bvunzo?
• Ko zvakadii nezve COVID-19 bvunzo dzekudzivirira?
• Vanoyedza sei coronavirus?
• Ndeipi bvunzo dzeCOVID-19?
• Zvinodhura zvakadii kuongororwa coronavirus?
• Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti uwane COVID-19 bvunzo mhinduro?
• Ongororo ye

Sezvo COVID-19 denda richienderera mberi, nyanzvi dzehutano hweveruzhinji dzakadzokororazve kukosha kwechirongwa chakanaka chekuyedza mukuderedza kupararira kwehutachiona. Kunyangwe iwe wanga uchinzwa nezve coronavirus kuyedza kwemwedzi, unogona kunge usiri kusanzwisisika pane izvo ruzivo.

Kutanga, ziva izvi: Kune akawanda akasiyana ongororo dzekuyedza kunze uko, uye nepo mamwe ari akarurama kupfuura mamwe, hapana imwe yadzo yakakwana. Imwe neimwe mhando yekoronavirus bvunzo ine yayo ~ chinhu ~ chiri kuitika, asi nekupihwa kuti pamwe hauna kuenda kuchikoro chekurapa uye kuti kune zvitsva zvitsva mukuyedza nguva dzese, zvinogona kuve zvakaoma kuteedzera zvese.

Kunyangwe iwe uchifanira kuongororwa COVID-19 kana kungoda kuverenga pamusoro peiyo ins uye kunze kwekuongororwa coronavirus, izvi ndizvo zvaunofanira kuziva. (Kana uine zviratidzo, verengawo: Zvekuita Kana Iwe Uchifunga Kuti Une Coronavirus)

Ndeapi marudzi akajairika eECVID-19 bvunzo?

Kazhinji, kune marudzi maviri makuru ekuongorora bvunzo dzeSARS-CoV-2, hutachiona hunokonzera COVID-19. ("Diagnostic" zvinoreva kuti bvunzo dzinoshandiswa kuona kana uine hutachiona parizvino.)

Maedzo ese ari maviri anogona kuona hutachiona hweCCIDID-19, asi hwakasiyana, sekureva kweFood and Drug Administration (FDA). Iyo FDA inoityora pasi nenzira iyi:

• PCR bvunzo: Iyo inonziwo molecular test, iyi bvunzo inotarisa COVID-19's genetic material. Mazhinji maPCR bvunzo anosanganisira kutora sampuro yemurwere uye kuiendesa kubazi kuti riongororwe.
• Antigen bvunzo: Iyo inozivikanwawo seyekukurumidza bvunzo, maantigen bvunzo anotarisa chaiwo mapuroteni kubva kuhutachiona. Vanotenderwa nzvimbo yekutarisira, zvichireva kuti bvunzo inogona kuitwa muhofisi yachiremba, chipatara, kana nzvimbo yekuongorora.

Kana iwe ukashanyira chiremba wako wekutanga wekutarisirwa, iwe ungangowana bvunzo yePCR, anodaro Amesh A. Adalja, MD, nyanzvi yepamusoro paJohn Hopkins Center for Health Security. "Mamwe mahofisi ane bvunzo dzeantigen, asi," anowedzera. Ndeupi muedzo waunopiwa unowanzoenderana nezvine chiremba wako muzvitoro, zvaanoda, uye zviratidzo zvako (kana uine chimwe). "Antigen bvunzo haisati yabvumidzwa neFDA kuti iongororwe asymptomatic, uye vanachiremba vazhinji havazoraira bvunzo yeantigen kune munhu asina zviratidzo," anotsanangura kudaro Dr. Adalja.

Ku-kumba coronavirus bvunzo imwe sarudzo. Pakati paNovember, iyo FDA yakabvumidza yekutanga kumba COVID-19 bvunzo, inonzi Lucira COVID-19 All-In-One Test Kit. Lucira akafanana nePCR bvunzo nekuti ese ari maviri anotsvaga magene kubva kuhutachiona (kunyangwe nzira yaLucira yemamorekuru ichi "inofungidzirwa kuti haina kunyatsoita" pane iyo bvunzo dzePCR, maererano New York Times) Iyo kiti inoburitswa kuburikidza nemushonga uye inobvumidza vanhu vane makore gumi nemana zvichikwira kuti vazviongorore pamba neyakagadziriswa nasal swab. Kubva ipapo, swab inoiswa muhari (iyo inouyawo nekiti), uye iwe unowana mhedzisiro mukati memaminitsi makumi matatu.

Ko zvakadii nezve COVID-19 bvunzo dzekudzivirira?

Kusvika pari zvino, FDA yakabvumidza zvinopfuura makumi mashanu bvunzo dzehutachiona hwehutachiona hunogona kuona kana iwe wakambotapukirwa neCCIDID-50 nekutsvaga kuvepo kweanosunga masoja ekudzivirira chirwere - kureva, mapuroteni anosunga kuhutachiona (munyaya iyi, COVID- 19). Zvisinei, iyo FDA inoti haina kujeka kana kuvapo kwezvirwere izvi zvinosunga zvinoreva njodzi yakaderera yehutachiona hweCVV-19 yeramangwana. Dudziro: Kuedzwa kwakanaka kwekusunga antibodies hazvireve kuti haugone kuiswazve neCOVID-19.

Haasi ese e coronavirus antibody bvunzo anoona zvakafanana mhando yezvirwere, zvakadaro. Imwe bvunzo, inodaidzwa kuti cPass SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Antibody Detection Kit, inotarisa masoja ekudzivirira chirwere kwete kusunga masoja ekudzivirira chirwere. Neutralizing antibodies mapuroteni anosunga kune chimwe chikamu chepathogen, maererano neDFA. Kusiyana nekusunga maantibhakitiriya, maantibhakitiriya anorerutsa anoonekwa mune iyi bvunzo yeCOVID akawanikwa munzvimbo yekuratidzira kudzikisa hutachiona hweSARS-CoV-2 hwemasero. Mune mamwe mazwi, kana uine masoja ekudzivirira chirwere, hazviite kuti uchatapukirwa neCCIDID-19 zvakare kana kuti uchaita nyaya yakakomba yehutachiona, chero masoja ekudzivirira chirwere achiripo mumuviri wako, sekureva. iyo FDA. Kutsvakurudza kwakabudiswa mumagazini yezvokurapa Kudzivirirwa inoratidza kuti masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anogona kuramba aripo mumuviri kwenguva yakareba semwedzi mishanu kusvika minomwe mushure mekutapukirwa neCOVID-19.

Zvakadaro, iyo FDA inocherekedza kuti mhedzisiro yekumisa masoja ekudzivirira chirwere paSARS-CoV-2 muvanhu "ichiri kuongororwa." Zvichireva, kuvheneka zvakanaka chero mhando yeacoronavirus antibodies hazvireve kuti iwe uri mune yakajeka. (Zvimwe pano: Ko A Positive Coronavirus Antibody Test Zvinomborevei?)

Vanoyedza sei coronavirus?

Pane mamwe misiyano, zvinoenderana nerudzi rweyedzo iwe yauri kuwana. Kana uri kuvhenekwa masoja ekudzivirira chirwere, unozofanirwa kupa sampuli yeropa. Asi zvinhu zvakati siyanei nediagnostic PCR kana antigen bvunzo.

Muedzo wePCR unowanzo kuunganidzwa kuburikidza nenasopharyngeal swab, iyo inoshandisa refu, yakatetepa, Q-tip-yakafanana chimiro chekuenzanisa maseru kubva kuseri chaiko kwemhino dzako, kana nasal swab, yakafanana nenasopharyngeal swab asi isingaite. t kudzokera kure. Nekudaro, iyo FDA inoti PCR bvunzo dzinogona zvakare kuunganidzwa uchishandisa yekufema aspirate / lavage (kureva nasal wash) kana saliva sampuro, zvinoenderana nemuyedzo. Iyo antigen bvunzo, kune rumwe rutivi, inogara ichitorwa ne nasopharyngeal kana nasal swab.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu mazhinji, iwe unozoongororwa kuburikidza nasopharyngeal swab, anodaro Dr. Adalja. “Hazvina kunaka,” anobvuma kudaro. "Zvakasiyana zvakanyanya pane kuisa munwe wako mumhino dzako kana kuisa Q-tip mumhino dzako." Unogona kubuda ropa mumhino zvishoma mushure mezvo, uye vamwe vanhu vanoramba kuongororwa zvichienderana nekusagadzikana ikoko, anodaro Dr. Adalja. Asi kutsamwiswa kwechinguvana mutengo mudiki kubhadhara zano rakakosha kudzikamisa kupararira kweCCIDID-19, anodaro.

Ndeipi bvunzo dzeCOVID-19?

Coronavirus bvunzo chokwadi zvinoenderana zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvakasiyana. Kutanga, rudzi rwekuongorora bvunzo iwe unowana zvinhu. "Chiyero chePCR chinoonekwa sechinhu chegoridhe," anodaro William Schaffner, MD, nyanzvi yezvirwere zvinotapukira uye purofesa paVanderbilt University School of Medicine. "Kana iwe ukawana nguva yacho zvakanaka uye iwe uine tariro kana usina pane imwe yeiyo, iwe unogona kunge uri chokwadi kana wakashata."

Iyo yekukurumidza antigen bvunzo yakati siyanei zvishoma. “Vanozivikanwa nokupa migumisiro yakaipa yenhema [zvichireva kuti bvunzo inoti hauna utachiona kana uinacho chaizvoizvo],” anodaro Dr. Schaffner. Tichifunga zvakaringana se50 muzana yezvese zveECVID antigen bvunzo zvinogona kuburitsa mhedzisiro-isina mhedzisiro, "unofanirwa kuzvidudzira nokungwarira," anotsanangura Dr. Schaffner. Nekudaro, kana iwe uchangobva kuburitswa kune mumwe munhu ane COVID-19 uye iwe ukaedza zvisina kunaka nekukurumidza antigen bvunzo, haufanire kuva nechivimbo chakazara kuti hauna chokwadi, anodaro.

Kukoshesa nguva zvakare, anodaro nyanzvi yezvirwere zvinotapukira Debra Chew, MD, MPH, mutevedzeri purofesa wemishonga paRutgers New Jersey Medical School. "Kana iwe uchikurumidza mukurwara kwako, unogona kusataridza mucherechedzo wehutachiona uko bvunzo dzingave dzakanaka," anodaro. "Kune rimwe divi, kana ukanonoka kunovhenekwa, unogona kunge usinawo, kunyangwe iwe uine hutachiona."

Ndiri kufunga kuti chii, chaizvo chinonzi "kwayedza" kana "kunonoka"? Ongororo ichangoburwa yezvidzidzo zvinomwe zvakaburitswa mugwaro rezvokurapa rezvidzidzo Annals yeMushonga Wemukati inoisa iyi mutsara wenguva mukutarisa: Iko mukana wekunyepa-wakashata PCR bvunzo mhedzisiro inoderera kubva ku100 muzana pazuva 1 mushure mekuratidzwa kune 67 muzana pazuva rechina. Uye pazuva iro mumwe munhu anotanga zviratidzo (paavhareji, mazuva mashanu mushure mekuratidzwa), tsvagiridzo yakawana kuti vangangoita 38 muzana vanogona kuwana kuverenga kwenhema. Iko mukana unodzikira kusvika kungori makumi maviri muzana mazuva matatu mushure mekuratidzira zviratidzo - zvichireva kuti yako coronavirus PCR bvunzo mhedzisiro inogona kunge iri yechokwadi kana iwe ukaedzwa mazuva mashanu kusvika masere mushure mekuratidzwa uye anenge mazuva matatu mushure mekuratidzira zviratidzo, maererano nekuongorora.

Chaizvoizvo, kana iwe ukamirira kwenguva yakareba, zvirinani - mukati mekufunga, anodaro Dr. Schaffner. Kana iwe uchiziva kuti wakaratidzirwa kune mumwe munhu ane COVID-19, iye anokurudzira kumirira kusvika kumazuva matanhatu mushure mekuratidzwa kuti uongororwe. "Vanhu vazhinji vari kuzochinja vava nezuva rechitanhatu, manomwe, kana masere," anotsanangura kudaro.

Zvinodhura zvakadii kuongororwa coronavirus?

Zvinoenderana nekuti unoenda kupi. Kana iwe ukashanyira coronavirus kuyedza saiti, inofanirwa kuve yemahara, zvisinei kuti une inishuwarenzi yehutano here, anodaro Dr. Adalja. Kana iwe ukashanyira chiremba wako wekutanga kana mumwe mupi wekurapa, bvunzo pachayo inofanirwa kuvharwa neinishuwarenzi (kunyangwe iwe uchiri kutarisira kuve nemhosva yekubhadhara pamwe), anodaro Richard Watkins, MD, chiremba wechirwere chinotapukira muAkron, Ohio. , uye purofesa wezvekurapa kwemukati kuNortheast Ohio Medical University. “Kana uine hanya, unogona kufonera nhamba iri kuseri kwekadhi rako reinishuwarenzi wosimbisa,” anowedzera kudaro Dr. Watkins. (Heino mafambiro ari kuita telemedicine panguva yeCOVID-19 denda.)

Kana iwe usina inishuwarenzi yehutano asi ukaenda kuhofisi yechiremba kana chipatara kunoongororwa coronavirus, unowanzo kuve nemitengo yemubhadharo wekushanya kwese, anodaro Dr. Schaffner. Izvo zvinogona kuwana Pretttty zvinodhura zvichienderana nekwaunoenda (funga: chero pakati pe $ 20 ne $ 850 pabvunzo, uye izvo hazvisanganise imwe mari inogona kunge iri chikamu chekushanya).

Kana dziri dzekupi kunoongororwa coronavirus, zvakare, nzvimbo dzekuongorora coronavirus (kureva nzvimbo dzehutano munharaunda yako) ndidzo kubheja kwako kwakanyanya sezvo dzakasununguka. CVS, Walgreens, uye Rite Aid zvakare ari kushanda pop-up COVID-19 ekuyedza masayiti (ayo anogona kana kuti asingauye nemari yekunze-kwehomwe, zvinoenderana neyako inishuwarenzi chinzvimbo). Iva neshuwa yekutarisa kumawebhusaiti emadhipatimendi ehutano emunharaunda kuti uwane ruzivo rwezvino nezve coronavirus yekuongorora padhuze newe.

Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti uwane COVID-19 bvunzo mhinduro?

Zvekare, zvinoenderana. Zvinogona kutora maawa akawanda kana mazuva akati wandei (dzimwe nguva vhiki kana kupfuura) kuti uwane mibairo yePCR bvunzo yako, zvichienderana nekuti inotsigirwa sei nerebhu yemunharaunda yako, anodaro Dr. Schaffner. Kuongororwa kweAntibody kunogonawo kutora mazuva akati wandei kusvika kumavhiki kuti uwane zvawawana - zvakare, zvichienderana nerab yainotumirwa.

Antigen bvunzo, kune rumwe rutivi, inogona kukupa mhedzisiro mune isingasviki awa, maererano neiyo FDA. Asi zvakare, iyi nzira, ichikurumidza, haifungidzirwe seyakarurama sePCR bvunzo.

Pakazere, nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kutora yako coronavirus bvunzo mhinduro nesadza remunyu. “Kuva usina utachiona kunoreva kuti hauna kutapukirwa panguva yakaitwa bvunzo,” anotsanangura kudaro Dr. Watkins. "Unogona kunge watapukirwa munguva pfupi."

Kana iwe ukayedza isina hutachiona asi iwe uine zviratidzo zve COVID-19, Dr. Chew anokurudzira kusvika kuna chiremba wako wekutanga nezvekuti iwe unofanirwa kuongororwa zvakare. (Zvakabatana: Rini, Chaizvo, Unofanira Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe Kana Iwe Uchifunga Kuti Une Coronavirus?)

Kunyange kuyedzwa kuri nani pane zvazvaive pakutanga kwedenda uye kune dzimwe sarudzo izvozvi, ingo rangarira kuti haisati iri maitiro akakwana. "Vanhu vanotsvaga mhinduro dzakakwana [mudenda iri]," anodaro Dr. Schaffner. "Uye isu hatigone kuvapa izvo pamwe neCOVID-19 kuyedzwa."

Mashoko ari munyaya iyi akarurama seye nguva yekudhinda. Sezvo zvigadziriso nezve coronavirus COVID-19 ichiramba ichichinja, zvinokwanisika kuti rumwe ruzivo uye kurudziro munyaya iyi zvachinja kubva pakatanga kuburitswa. Tinokukurudzira kuti uongorore nguva zhinji zviwanikwa zvakaita seCDC, iyo WHO, uye nedhipatimendi rako rezvehutano reveruzhinji kune yakanyanya-kudhara dhata uye kurudziro.

Ongororo ye