COVID-19 vs. SARS: Dzinosiyana Sei?

Zvemukati

• Chii chinonzi coronavirus?
• Chii chinonzi SARS?
• COVID-19 inosiyana sei neSARS?
• Zviratidzo
• Kuoma
• Kufambisa
• Mamorekuru zvinhu
• Receptor inosunga
• Ko COVID-19 ichave yakatenderera kupfuura SARS here?
• Chinokosha

Ichi chinyorwa chakavandudzwa muna Kubvumbi 29, 2020 kusanganisira zvimwe zviratidzo zve2019 coronavirus.

COVID-19, iyo inokonzereswa neiyo nyowani coronavirus, yanga ichitonga nhau munguva pfupi yapfuura. Zvisinei, iwe unogona kunge wakatanga kujairana nezwi rekuti coronavirus panguva yechirwere chakakomba chekufema chirwere (SARS) kuputika muna 2003.

Ese maviri COVID-19 uye SARS anokonzerwa nemakoronavirusi. Utachiona hunokonzera SARS hunozivikanwa seSARS-CoV, nepo hutachiona hunokonzera COVID-19 huchizivikanwa seSARS-CoV-2. Kune zvakare mamwe marudzi evanhu coronaviruses.

Kunyangwe paine zita rakafanana, pane misiyano yakati wandei pakati pemakoronavirusi anokonzera COVID-19 neSARS. Ramba uchiverenga apo isu tichiongorora coronaviruses uye kuti vanoenzanisa sei kune imwe neimwe.

Chii chinonzi coronavirus?

Coronaviruses imhuri yakasiyanasiyana yemavhairasi. Ivo vane hombe nzvimbo yekutambira, inosanganisira vanhu. Nekudaro, iyo yakakura kwazvo huwandu hwecoronavirus misiyano inoonekwa.

Coronaviruses ane spiky fungidziro pameso padzo anoita kunge korona. Corona zvinoreva "korona" muchiLatin - uye ndomaitiro emhuri iyi yemavhairasi akawana zita ravo.

Kazhinji yenguva, vanhu coronaviruses anokonzeresa zvinyoronyoro mweya wekufema senge yakajairwa kutonhora. Muchokwadi, ina mhando dzevanhu coronaviruses inokonzeresa yepamusoro yekufema nzira dzekutapukira muvakuru.

Rudzi rutsva rwecoronavirus runogona kubuda kana mhuka coronavirus ichikura kugona kuendesa chirwere kuvanhu. Kana hutachiona huchiparadzirwa kubva kumhuka kuenda kumunhu, inonzi zoonotic transmission.

MaCoronavirusi anoita kuti kusvetukira kuvanhu vagone kukonzera chirwere chakakomba. Izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa nezvakasiyana zvinhu, kunyanya kushomeka kwevanhu kwekudzivirira hutachiona hutsva. Heano mimwe mienzaniso yeakadaro ma coronaviruses:

• SARS-CoV, hutachiona hwakakonzera SARS, iyo yakatanga kuzivikanwa muna 2003
• MERS-CoV, hutachiona hwakakonzera Middle East kufema chirwere (MERS), iyo yakatanga kuzivikanwa muna 2012
• SARS-CoV-2, hutachiona hunokonzera COVID-19, iyo yakatanga kuzivikanwa muna 2019

Chii chinonzi SARS?

SARS izita rechirwere chekufema icho chinokonzerwa neSARS-CoV. Chirevo cheSARS chinomiririra chirwere chakasimba chekufema.

Kupararira kweSARS kwepasirese kwakatanga kubva kunopera 2002 kusvika pakati pa2003. Munguva iyi, vakarwara uye vanhu mazana manomwe nemakumi mana vakafa.

Kwakatangira SARS-CoV inofungidzirwa kuve mabara. Zvinotendwa kuti hutachiona hwapfuura kubva kumabhata kuenda kune yepakati mhuka inogamuchira, iyo civet kati, isati yasvetukira kuvanhu.

Fivha ndiyo imwe yezviratidzo zvekutanga zveSARS. Izvi zvinogona kuperekedzwa nezvimwe zviratidzo, senge:

• kukosora
• malaise kana kuneta
• kurwadziwa nemuviri

Zviratidzo zvekufema zvinogona kuwedzera, zvichikonzera kupfupika kwemweya. Zviitiko zvakakomba zvinokurumidza kufambira mberi, zvichitungamira kumabayo kana mweya wekufema.

COVID-19 inosiyana sei neSARS?

COVID-19 uye SARS zvakafanana munzira dzakawanda. Semuenzaniso, ese ari maviri:

• Zvirwere zvekufema zvinokonzerwa nema coronaviruses
• kuve yakatanga mumabhati, ichisvetukira kuvanhu kuburikidza neyepakati mhuka mhuka
• inoparadzirwa nemadonhwe ekufema anogadzirwa kana munhu ane hutachiona akosora kana kuhotsira, kana nekubata nezvinhu zvakasviba kana nzvimbo.
• Iva nekugadzikana kwakafanana mumhepo uye pane dzakasiyana nzvimbo
• zvinogona kutungamira kuchirwere chingangoita chakakomba, dzimwe nguva kuchida okisijeni kana meya mweya mweya
• anogona kuve nezviratidzo gare gare muchirwere
• vane mapoka akafanana panjodzi, senge vakuru vanhu vakuru uye avo vane hutano hwepasi
• havana chaiwo marapirwo kana majekiseni

Nekudaro, izvo zvirwere zviviri nemavirusi anozvikonzera zvakasiyanawo munzira dzinoverengeka dzakakosha. Ngatinyatsoongororai.

Zviratidzo

Pakazara, zviratidzo zve COVID-19 uye SARS zvakafanana. Asi pane mimwe misiyano isinganzwisisike.

Kuoma

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pavanhu vane COVID-19 vachada kuiswa muchipatara kuti varapwe. Chikamu chidiki cheboka iri chinoda mechnical kufefetedza.

Mhosva dzeSARS dzaive dzakanyanya, kazhinji. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvevanhu vane SARS zvaida mechnical ventilation.

Kufungidzira kwehuwandu hwekufa kwe COVID-19 inosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita senzvimbo uye hunhu hwehuwandu hwevanhu. Kazhinji kutaura, kufa kwehuwandu hweCOVID-19 kwafungidzirwa kuve pakati pe0.25 ne3 muzana.

SARS yakanyanya kuuraya kupfuura COVID-19. Iyo inofungidzirwa kufa kwehuwandu ndeye.

Kufambisa

COVID-19 inoita kunge inopfuudza kupfuura SARS. Imwe tsananguro inogoneka ndeyekuti huwandu hwehutachiona, kana huwandu hwehutachiona, hunoratidzika kunge hwakawanda mumhino nehuro dzevanhu vane COVID-19 chinguva chipfupi mushure mekukura kwezviratidzo.

Izvi zvinopesana neSARS, umo mutoro wehutachiona wakakwira zvakanyanya mushure mekurwara. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti vanhu vane COVID-19 vanogona kunge vachipfuudza hutachiona munguva yekutanga kwehutachiona, sekunge zviratidzo zvavo zviri kukura, asi vasati vatanga kuwedzera.

Zvinoenderana neiyo, kumwe kutsvagurudza kunoratidza kuti COVID-19 inogona kupararira nevanhu vasiri kuratidza zviratidzo.

Mumwe mutsauko uripakati pezvirwere zviviri izvi inyaya yekuti pane chero zviitiko zvakataurwa zvekutapurirana kweSARS chiratidzo chisati chakura.

Mamorekuru zvinhu

A yeiyo yakazara ruzivo ruzivo (genome) rweSARS-CoV-2 sampuli yakawana kuti hutachiona hwaive hwakabatana zvakanyanya nemabheti coronaviruses kupfuura hutachiona hweSARS. Iyo coronavirus nyowani ine makumi manomwe neshanu muzana muzana magene akafanana nehutachiona hweSARS.

Iyo receptor inosunga saiti yeSARS-CoV-2 yakafananidzwawo nemamwe macoronaviruses. Rangarira kuti kuti upinde muchitokisi, hutachiona hunoda kudyidzana nemapuroteni ari pamusoro pecell (receptors). Utachiona hunoita izvi kuburikidza nemapuroteni ari pamusoro payo.

Pakateedzana maratidziro eSARS-CoV-2 receptor binding saiti yakaongororwa, mhedzisiro inonakidza yakawanikwa. Ipo SARS-CoV-2 iri yakafanana zvakanyanya necort coronaviruses, saiti inosunga saiti yainge yakafanana neSARS-CoV.

Receptor inosunga

Zvidzidzo zviri kuenderera mberi kuti uone kuti iyo coronavirus nyowani inosunga sei uye inopinda maseru tichienzanisa nehutachiona hweSARS. Mhedzisiro yave parizvino yasiyanasiyana. Izvo zvakakoshawo kuti uzive kuti kutsvagisa pazasi kwakaitwa chete nemapuroteni uye kwete mumamiriro ehutachiona hwese.

Ongororo ichangoburwa yakasimbisa kuti ese maSARS-CoV-2 uye SARS-CoV vanoshandisa imwechete inomiririra masero ekugamuchira. Zvakaona zvakare kuti, kune ese mavhairasi, mapuroteni ehutachiona anoshandiswa kumisheni yekupinda maseru inosunga kune inogamuchira neyakafanana kuomarara (kubatana).

Mumwe akafananidza iyo chaiyo nzvimbo yehutachiona hweprotein iyo inosungirwa kusunga kune inomiririra cell receptor. Yakacherekedza kuti saiti inosunga saiti yeSARS-CoV-2 inosunga kune inomiririra cell receptor ne yakakwirira kudyidzana kupfuura kweiyo SARS-CoV.

Kana iyo coronavirus nyowani iine hukama hwepamusoro hunosunga hweyakagamuchira cell cell receptor, izvi zvinogona zvakare kutsanangura kuti nei ichiita sekupararira zviri nyore kupfuura hutachiona hweSARS.

Ko COVID-19 ichave yakatenderera kupfuura SARS here?

Pakave pasina kuitika kweSARS pasi rose. Ekupedzisira makesi akataurwa aive uye akawanikwa murabhoritari. Ikoko hakuna kumbove nemimwe nyaya yakataurwa kubva ipapo.

SARS yakaburitswa zvinobudirira ichishandisa matanho ehutano hweveruzhinji, akadai se:

• yekutanga kesi kuona uye kuzviparadzanisa
• kubata kutsvaga uye kusarudzika
• kusaungana kwevanhu

Kuita matanho akafanana kuchabatsira COVID-19 kuenda here? Mune ino kesi, zvingave zvakanyanya kuoma.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kupa kuti COVID-19 kuvepo kwenguva yakareba inosanganisira zvinotevera:

• yevanhu vane COVID-19 vane chirwere chisina kunyoroka. Vamwe vanogona kusatomboziva kuti vari kurwara. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuona kuti ndiani ane hutachiona uye ndiani asina.
• Vanhu vane COVID-19 vanoita kunge vanodurura hutachiona pakutanga munguva yekutapukirwa kwavo kupfuura vanhu vane SARS. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvinyanye kuoma kuona kuti ndiani ane hutachiona uye kuvapatsanura vasati vaparadzira vamwe.
• COVID-19 yave kupararira zviri nyore mukati memharaunda. Izvi zvaive zvisiri izvo neSARS, iyo yaive ichinyanya kupararira munzvimbo dzekuchengetedza hutano.
• Isu takatonyanya kubatana pasirese kupfuura zvataive muna 2003, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti COVID-19 ipararire pakati pematunhu nenyika.

Humwe hutachiona, senge dzihwa uye dzihwa, zvinotevera mwaka maitiro. Nekuda kweizvi, pane mubvunzo wekuti COVID-19 ichaenda here sezvo mamiriro ekunze ari kudziya. Zviri kana izvi zvichizoitika.

Chinokosha

COVID-19 uye SARS zvese zvinokonzerwa nemakoronavirusi. Utachiona hunokonzera izvi zvirwere hunogona kunge hwakatanga huchibva mumhuka dzisati dzaendeswa kuvanhu nemuchadenga wepakati.

Pane zvakawanda zvakafanana pakati pe COVID-19 neSARS. Nekudaro, kune zvakare kwakakosha misiyano. COVID-19 kesi dzinogona kubva pane zvinyoro kusvika kune zvakakomba, nepo SARS kesi, kazhinji, dzaive dzakanyanya kuomarara. Asi COVID-19 inopararira zviri nyore. Kune zvekare mimwe misiyano muzviratidzo pakati pezvirwere zviviri izvi.

Hakuna kumbove nenyaya yakanyorwa yeSARS kubvira 2004, sezvo matanho akaomarara ehutano akaitwa kuti ive nekupararira kwayo. COVID-19 inogona kunetsa kuva nayo nekuti hutachiona hunokonzera chirwere ichi hunopararira zvirinyore uye hunowanzo kukonzera zviratidzo zvinyoro.