Izvo Zvaunofanirwa Kuziva Nezve Mazino Anesthesia

Zvemukati

• Ndeapi marudzi emazino anesthetics?
• Yemunharaunda anesthesia
• Kugara
• General kutindivadza
• Ndeipi mhedzisiro yemazino anesthesia?
• Chengetedzo dzakakosha paunotora mazino anesthetics
• Kubata
• Special zvinodiwa
• Vakuru vakuru
• Chiropa, itsvo, mapapu, kana matambudziko emwoyo
• Humwe mamiriro ehuropi
• Mamwe mamiriro
• Ndeipi njodzi dzeanesthesia yemeno?
• Kutora

Iwe wakarongerwa maitiro emazino uye uine mibvunzo nezveanesthesia?

Pakati pevanhu vane kushushikana uye kunetseka nezve marwadzo nemaitiro emazino. Kuzvidya mwoyo kunogona kunonoka kuwana kurapwa uye izvo zvinogona kuita kuti dambudziko riwedzere.

Anesthetics anga aripo kweanopfuura makore 175! Muchokwadi, yekutanga yakanyorwa maitiro neanesthetic yakaitwa mu1846 uchishandisa ether.

Takabva kure kubva ipapo, uye anesthetics chishandiso chakakosha kubatsira varwere kuti vanzwe kugadzikana panguva yemazino maitiro.

Uine zvakawanda zvakawanda sarudzo dziripo, anesthesia inogona kuvhiringidza. Isu tinozviputsa kuitira kuti iwe unzwe uine chivimbo usati wasvika wako unotevera wemazino musangano.

Ndeapi marudzi emazino anesthetics?

Anesthesia zvinoreva kushayikwa kana kurasikirwa kwekunzwa. Izvi zvinogona kuve kana kana kusaziva.

Nhasi kune zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa zviripo zvemazino anesthetics. Mishonga inogona kushandiswa yoga kana kusanganiswa kuti ive nani. Izvo zvakasarudzika nenzira yakachengeteka uye inobudirira.

Mhando yeanesthetics inoshandiswa zvakare zvinoenderana nezera remunhu, hutano mamiriro, kureba kwemaitiro, uye chero kusanzwisisika kusagadzikana kune anesthetics munguva yakapfuura.

Anesthetics inoshanda nenzira dzakasiyana zvichienderana nezvakashandiswa. Anesthetics inogona kuita pfupi-kuita kana ikashandiswa zvakananga kunharaunda kana kushanda kwenguva yakareba kana zvakanyanya kuvhiyiwa kuchidikanwa.

Kubudirira kwemazino anesthesia kunoenderana ne:

• mushonga
• iyo nzvimbo ichivezwa
• maitiro
• zvinhu zvakasarudzika

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa mazino anesthesia inosanganisira iyo nguva yekuita. zvakare inoratidza kuti kuzvimba kunogona kukanganisa maitiro ekubudirira kweanesthetics.

Zvakare, kune yemuno anesthesia, mazino ari pazasi shaya (mandibular) chikamu chemuromo chakanyanya kunetesa kupfuura jaya repamusoro (maxillary) mazino.

Kune matatu makuru marudzi eanesthesia: yemuno, sedation, uye zvakajairika. Imwe neimwe ine chaiwo mashandisiro. Izvi zvinogona zvakare kusanganiswa nemimwe mishonga.

Yemunharaunda anesthesia

Local anesthesia inoshandiswa kune akareruka maitiro senge mhango yekuzadza, iyo inoda kuti ipfupi nguva yekupedzisa uye kazhinji haina kuomarara.

Iwe unenge uchiziva uye uchikwanisa kutaura kana iwe wawana yemuno kutindivadza. Nzvimbo yacho ichave chiveve, saka hauzonzwa kurwadziwa.

Mazhinji anesthetics emuno anotanga kushanda nekukurumidza (mukati memaminitsi gumi) uye ekupedzisira maminetsi makumi matatu kusvika makumi matanhatu. Dzimwe nguva vasopressor senge epinephrine inowedzerwa kune anesthetic kuti iwedzere kushanda kwayo uye kuchengetedza iyo anesthetic mhedzisiro kubva pakupararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri.

Yemunharaunda maanesthetics anowanikwa pamusoro pekambani uye semushonga mune gel, chizoro, kirimu, pfapfaidzo, chigamba, mvura, uye jekiseni mafomu.

Inogona kushandiswa kumusoro (kuiswa yakanangana nenzvimbo yakakanganiswa kuti ive chiveve) kana kujowa munzvimbo yekurapwa. Dzimwe nguva, kurerutsa sedation kunowedzerwa kune yemuno maanesthetics kubatsira kuzorodza munhu.

• articaine
• bupivacaine
• lidocaine
• mepivacaine
• prilocaine

Kugara

Sedation ine akati wandei nhanho uye inoshandiswa kuzorodza munhu anogona kuve nekufunganya, kubatsira nemarwadzo, kana kuzvichengetera ivo vachiri kuita maitiro. Inogona zvakare kukonzera maitiro amnesia.

Iwe unogona kunge uchinyatsoziva uye uchikwanisa kupindura kumirairo, semiconscious, kana zvishoma kuziva. Sedation yakarongedzwa seyakareruka, ane mwero, kana akadzika.

Kudzika sedation kunogona zvakare kunzi kunotariswa anesthesia kuchengetedza kana MAC. Mukudzika sedation, iwe kazhinji hauna kuziva zvakakukomberedza uye unogona chete kupindura kune yakadzokororwa kana inorwadza kukurudzira.

Iyo mishonga inogona kupihwa nemuromo (piritsi kana mvura), inhaled, intramuscularly (IM), kana intravenously (IV).

Kune dzimwe njodzi dzine IV sedation. Kurova kwemoyo wako, kuwedzerwa kweropa, uye kufema kunofanirwa kutariswa zvakaringana mukudzikamisa kana kudzika sedation.

• diazepam (Valium)
• midazolam (Ndima)
• propofol (Diprivan)
• nitrous oxide

General kutindivadza

General anesthesia inoshandiswa kwenguva yakareba maitiro, kana kana iwe uine zvakawanda zvekuzvidya mwoyo izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kurapwa kwako.

Unenge usina chawaziva zvachose, usina kana marwadzo, mhasuru dzako dzichasununguka, uye uchave neamnesia kubva pakuitwa.

Mushonga unopihwa kuburikidza nechiso kumeso kana IV. Iyo nhanho yeanesthesia inoenderana nemaitiro uye murwere wega. Kune njodzi dzakasiyana neanesthesia yakajairika.

• propofol
• ketamine
• etomidate
• midazolam
• diazepam
• methohexital
• nitrous oxide
• desflurane
• isoflurane
• seopofira

Ndeipi mhedzisiro yemazino anesthesia?

Mhedzisiro yemazino anesthesia anoenderana nerudzi rweanesthetic inoshandiswa. General anesthesia ine njodzi dzakawanda dzinobatanidzwa nekushandisa kwayo kupfuura kwazvino anesthesia kana sedation. Maitiro zvakare anosiyana zvichienderana nezvakasiyana zvinhu.

Zvimwe zvakashumwa mhedzisiro ine sedation uye yakajairika mishonga yekutindivadza inosanganisira:

• kusvotwa kana kurutsa
• musoro
• kudikitira kana kubvunda
• kuona zvisizvo, kufungidzira, kana kuvhiringidzika
• kutaura kwakashata
• muromo wakaoma kana huro
• kurwadziwa kunzvimbo yejojo
• dzungu
• kuneta
• chiveve
• Lockjaw (trismus) inokonzerwa nekushungurudzika kubva pakuvhiyiwa; kuvhura kwesaya kunoderedzwa kwenguva pfupi

Vasoconstrictors senge epinephrine yakawedzerwa kune anesthetics inogona zvakare kukonzera matambudziko emwoyo neropa.

Aya ndiwo mamwe emigumisiro yakataurwa yeanesthetics. Kumbira timu yekutarisira mazino nezve yako chaiyo mishonga uye chero zvinokunetsa iwe zvaungave uine nezve mushonga.

Chengetedzo dzakakosha paunotora mazino anesthetics

Kune mamiriro uye mamiriro ezvinhu umo iwe nachiremba wako kana chiremba wemazino muchakurukura kana mazino anesthesia iri sarudzo yakanakira iwe.

Mvumo yekurapa chikamu chakakosha chehurukuro yekufanotangisa. Bvunza mibvunzo nezve njodzi nenjodzi yekuchengetedza inozotorwa kuti uve nemhedzisiro.

Kubata

Kana iwe uri nepamuviri, chiremba wako wemazino kana chiremba anovhiya achakurukura njodzi maringe nezvikomborero zveanesthetics iwe nemwana wako.

Special zvinodiwa

Vana nevaya vane zvidikanwi zvinoda kuongororwa kwakaringana kwerudzi uye nhanho yeanesthetics yavanoda. Vana vangangoda gadziriso yedosi kuti vadzivise kusagadzikana kana kuwandisa.

Chikafu neDrug Administration (FDA) yakaburitsa yambiro nezvevengi vanoomesa anowanzo shandiswa pakurwadzisa. Izvi zvigadzirwa hazvina kuchengetedzeka kuti zvishandiswe muvana vari pasi pezera rechipiri. Usashandise mishonga iyi usingaikurukure nachiremba wezvehutano.

Vana nevakuru vane zvido zvakakosha vanogona kunge vaine mamwe matambudziko ekurapa anowedzera njodzi neanesthetics. Semuenzaniso, vakawana vana vane cerebral palsy vaive nenhamba yepamusoro yekutarisana nemhepo inoenderana neyakajairika kutindivadza.

Vakuru vakuru

Vakwegura vakuru vane mamwe matambudziko ehutano vangangoda kuchinjiswa kwedosi uye kunyatso tarisisa panguva uye mushure mekuvhiyiwa kuti vave nechokwadi chekuchengetedza kwavo.

Vamwe vanhu vanogona kusangana nedambudziko kana kuvhiringidzika uye matambudziko ekurangarira mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

Chiropa, itsvo, mapapu, kana matambudziko emwoyo

Vanhu vane chiropa, itsvo, mapapu, kana matambudziko emoyo vangangoda kuchinjika kwedosi nekuti mushonga unogona kutora nguva yakareba kuti ubve mumuviri uye uve nesimba rine simba.

Humwe mamiriro ehuropi

Kana paine nhoroondo yesitiroko, chirwere cheAlzheimer, chirwere cheParkinson, chirwere chetachiona, kana chirwere chepfungwa, panogona kuve nenjodzi yakawedzera neanesthesia yakajairika.

Mamwe mamiriro

Ive neshuwa yekuzivisa timu yako yemazino kana iwe uine hernia yekuberekwa, acid Reflux, hutachiona kana maronda akavhurika mumuromo, allergies, kwakanyanya svoto uye kurutsa neanesthetics, kana uri kutora chero mishonga inogona kukutsira iwe seopioid.

Njodzi dzakakwira zvakare kune avo vane:

• kurara kufema
• pfari kusagadzikana
• kufutisa
• BP
• matambudziko emwoyo
• vana vane hanya kana hunhu kusagadzikana
• chisingaperi obstructive pulmonary chirwere (COPD)
• gastric inopfuura kuvhiya
• kushandisa zvinodhaka kana kusagadzikana kwekushandisa

Ndeipi njodzi dzeanesthesia yemeno?

Vanhu vazhinji havaoni kusangana kwakashata neinesthesia yemuno. Kune njodzi dzakakwira ne sedation uye general anesthesia, kunyanya kune vakuru vakuru uye vanhu vane mamwe matambudziko ehutano.

Kune zvakare njodzi yakawedzera ine nhoroondo yekubuda ropa kusagadzikana kana nemishonga inowedzera njodzi yekubuda ropa senge aspirin.

Kana iwe uri kutora mishonga yekurwadziwa yakadai seopioid kana gabapentin, kana mishonga yekuzvidya mwoyo yakaita se benzodiazepines, rega chiremba wako wemazino kana chiremba anovhiya vazive kuti vagone kugadzirisa yako anesthetic zvinoenderana.

Njodzi dzeanesthesia dzinosanganisira:

• sema seyakaitika. Ive neshuwa yekurega chiremba wako wemazino azive nezve chero chisimbwa chauinacho; izvi zvinosanganisira kune dhayi kana zvimwe zvinhu. Kuita kunogona kuve kwakapfava kana kwakakomba uye kunosanganisira kukurumidza, kuchenesa, kuzvimba kwerurimi, miromo, muromo, kana huro, uye kunetseka kufema.
• anesthetics articaine uye prilocaine pa4% kuwanda kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kwetsinga, inozivikanwa separesthesia
• pfari
• coma
• kumira kufema
• kutadza kwemoyo
• kumira kurova kwemoyo
• sitiroko
• yakaderera BP
• yakaipa hyperthermia, kuwedzera kune njodzi mukushisa kwemuviri, kuomarara kwemhasuru, kunetseka kufema, kana kuwedzera kurova kwemoyo

Kutora

Kuzvidya mwoyo kwakabatana nemazino maitiro kwakajairika asi kunogona kuomesa kurapwa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti utaure nezvese zvaunonetseka nezve maitiro uye zvaunotarisira neboka rako rekuchengeta mazino kare.

Bvunza mibvunzo nezve mishonga ichashandiswa uye zvaunogona kutarisira panguva uye mushure mekurapwa.

Goverana nhoroondo yako yekurapa, kusanganisira chero ma allergies nemimwe mishonga yauri kutora. Iva nechokwadi chekuti izvi zvinosanganisira zvinopfuura-the-counter zvinodhaka, zvinyorwa, uye zvinowedzera.

Bvunza nezve chero akakosha mirairo iwe yaunofanirwa kuteedzera usati uye mushure maitiro. Izvi zvinosanganisira chikafu nekumwa usati warapwa uye wapedza kurapwa.

Bvunza kana iwe uchida kuronga zvekufambisa mushure mekuita uye chero rumwe ruzivo iwe rwaunoda kuziva.

Anokupa mazino anokupa rairo yekutevera usati uye mushure mekuita. Ivo zvakare vachapa nzira yekuti iwe utaure navo kuitira kana iwe uine chero matambudziko kana mibvunzo.