Zvese Nezve Electrolyte Dambudziko

Zvemukati

• Zviratidzo zve electrolyte kusagadzikana
• Zvinokonzera kusagadzikana kwe electrolyte
• Mhando dze electrolyte kusagadzikana
• Calcium
• Chloride
• Magnesium
• Phosphate
• Potassium
• Sodium
• Kuongorora kusagadzikana kwemagetsi
• Kurapa kusagadzikana kwe electrolyte
• Intravenous (IV) zvinwiwa
• Mimwe mishonga IV
• Oral mishonga uye zvinowedzera
• Hemodialysis
• Njodzi zvinhu zve electrolyte kusagadzikana
• Kudzivirira electrolyte kusagadzikana

Kunzwisisa kusagadzikana kwemagetsi

Electrolyte zvinhu uye macompound anowanzoitika mumuviri. Ivo vanodzora akakosha physiologic mabasa.

Mienzaniso ye electrolyte inosanganisira:

• calcium
• chloride
• magnesium
• phosphate
• potasium
• yavaibvisa

Izvi zvinhu zviripo muropa rako, mvura yemumuviri, uye weti. Ivo zvakare vanonwa nechikafu, zvinwiwa, uye zvinowedzera.

An electrolyte kusagadzikana kunoitika kana iwo mazinga e electrolyte mumuviri wako angave akakwirira zvakanyanya kana akaderera kwazvo. Electrolyte inoda kuchengetedzwa mune yakaenzana kuti muviri wako ushande nemazvo. Zvikasadaro, akakosha masisitimu emuviri anogona kukanganiswa.

Kusanzwisisika kwakanyanya kwe electrolyte kunogona kukonzera matambudziko akakura senge coma, kufenda, uye kusungwa kwemoyo.

Zviratidzo zve electrolyte kusagadzikana

Mafomu nyoro emagetsi e electrolyte anogona kusakonzera chero zviratidzo. Kukanganisika kwakadai kunogona kuenda kusingaonekwe kudzamara vaonekwa panguva yekuyedzwa kweropa. Zviratidzo zvinowanzotanga kuoneka kana chimwe chirwere chikanyanya kuva chakanyanya.

Haasi ese kusaenzana kwe electrolyte anokonzeresa zvakafanana zviratidzo, asi vazhinji vanogovana zvakafanana zviratidzo.

Zviratidzo zvakajairika zvechirwere chemagetsi zvinosanganisira:

• kurova kwemoyo zvisina kujairika
• kukurumidza kurova kwemoyo
• kuneta
• kuneta
• kugwinha kana kugwinha
• kusvotwa
• kurutsa
• manyoka kana kupatira
• kupwanya mudumbu
• tsandanyama
• kushaya simba kwetsandanyama
• kugumbuka
• kuvhiringidzika
• kutemwa nemusoro
• chiveve uye kurira

Shevedza chiremba wako ipapo ipapo kana iwe uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchisangana nahwo hweihwo hwezviratidzo izvi uye uchifungidzira kuti ungave une chinetso chemagetsi. Kukanganisika kweElectrolyte kunogona kutyisidzira hupenyu kana ikasiiwa isina kurapwa.

Zvinokonzera kusagadzikana kwe electrolyte

Matambudziko eElectrolyte anowanzo kukonzerwa nekurasikirwa nemvura yemumuviri kuburikidza nekurutsa kwenguva refu, manyoka, kana kutuka. Ivo vanogona zvakare kukura nekuda kwemvura kurasikirwa kwakanangana nekutsva.

Mimwe mishonga inogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kwemagetsi. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, honzeri yezvirwere, senge chakanyanya kana chisingaperi chirwere cheitsvo, imhosva.

Chikonzero chaicho chinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rweiyo electrolyte kusagadzikana.

Mhando dze electrolyte kusagadzikana

Makwikwi akakwidziridzwa e electrolyte anoratidzwa aine chivakamberi "hyper-." Akadzika mazinga e electrolyte anoratidzwa ne "unyengeri."

Mamiriro ezvinhu anokonzerwa nemagetsi kusaenzana kusaenzana anosanganisira:

• calcium: hypercalcemia uye hypocalcemia
• chloride: hyperchloremia uye hypochloremia
• magnesium: hypermagnesemia uye hypomagnesemia
• phosphate: hyperphosphatemia kana hypophosphatemia
• potasium: hyperkalemia uye hypokalemia
• sodium: hypernatremia uye hyponatremia

Calcium

Calcium yakakosha mamineral anoshandiswa nemuviri wako kudzikamisa BP uye kudzora marangwanda emhasuru. Inoshandiswa zvakare kuvaka mapfupa akasimba nemeno.

Hypercalcemia inoitika kana uine calcium yakawandisa muropa. Izvi zvinowanzo kukonzerwa ne:

• chirwere cheitsvo
• chirwere chetachiona, kusanganisira hyperparathyroidism
• zvirwere zvemapapu, senge tibhii kana sarcoidosis
• mamwe marudzi ekenza, kusanganisira mapapu uye kenza yemazamu
• kunyanyisa kushandisa maantacid uye calcium kana vhitamini D zvinowedzera
• mishonga yakadai se lithiamu, theophylline, kana mamwe mapiritsi emvura

Hypocalcemia inoitika nekuda kwekushomeka kwakakwana calcium muropa. Zvinokonzera zvinogona kusanganisira:

• itsvo kutadza
• hypoparathyroidism
• vhitamini D kushomeka
• chirwatata
• kenza yeprostate
• malabsorption
• mimwe mishonga, inosanganisira heparin, osteoporosis zvinodhaka, uye antiepileptic zvinodhaka

Chloride

Chloride inofanirwa kuchengetedza mwero wakaringana wemvura dzemumuviri.

Hyperchloremia inoitika kana paine kloride yakawandisa mumuviri. Zvinogona kuitika semhedzisiro ye:

• kupera simba kwakanyanya
• itsvo kutadza
• dialysis

Hypochloremia inokura kana paine kloride yakawandisa mumuviri. Inowanzokonzerwa nezvinetso zve sodium kana potasium.

Zvimwe zvikonzero zvinogona kusanganisira:

• cystic fibrosis
• kusagadzikana kwekudya, senge anorexia nervosa
• chinyavada chinoruma
• zvakakomba itsvo kutadza

Magnesium

Magnesium inyanzvi yemamineral inogadzirisa akawanda akakosha mabasa, akadai se:

• tsandanyama
• moyo mutinhimira
• tsinga basa

Hypermagnesemia zvinoreva yakawandisa huwandu hwemagesium. Dambudziko iri rinonyanya kubata vanhu vane chirwere cheAddison uye chirwere cheitsvo chekupedzisira.

Hypomagnesemia zvinoreva kuva nemagnesium shoma shoma mumuviri. Zvinowanzoitika zvinosanganisira:

• doro rekushandisa kusagadzikana
• kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri
• malabsorption
• manyoka asingagumi
• vangadikitira zvakanyanya
• kutadza kwemoyo
• mimwe mishonga, kusanganisira mamwe ma diuretics nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya

Phosphate

Itsvo, mapfupa, uye ura zvinoshanda kuyera phosphate mazinga mumuviri. Phosphate inofanirwa kune akasiyana siyana mashandiro uye inopindirana padiki necalcium.

Hyperphosphatemia inogona kuitika nekuda kwe:

• yakaderera calcium mazinga
• chirwere chetsvo chisingaperi
• kufema kwakanyanya kuoma
• isingashande parathyroid glands
• kukuvara kukuru kwemhasuru
• tumor lysis syndrome, chinetso chekenza kurapwa
• kunyanyisa kushandisa phosphate-ine laxatives

Akadzika mazinga e phosphate, kana hypophosphatemia, anogona kuonekwa mu:

• kunwisa doro
• kutsva kwakanyanya
• nzara
• vhitamini D kushomeka
• zvakawandisa zviputi zveparathyroid
• mimwe mishonga, yakadai seinopinda (IV) kurapwa kwesimbi, niacin (Niacor, Niaspan), uye mamwe maantacid

Potassium

Potasium inonyanya kukosha kudzora moyo basa. Inobatsirawo kuchengetedza hutano hwakanaka uye mhasuru.

Hyperkalemia inogona kukura nekuda kwenzvimbo dzakakwira dze potassium. Aya mamiriro anogona kuuraya kana akasiiwa asina kuongororwa uye asina kurapwa. Izvo zvinowanzo kukonzerwa ne:

• kupera simba kwakanyanya
• itsvo kutadza
• yakasimba acidosis, inosanganisira chirwere cheshuga ketoacidosis
• mimwe mishonga, inosanganisira imwe yeropa mishonga uye diuretics
• adrenal insufficiency, inova iyo iyo yako cortisol mazinga akaderera zvakanyanya

Hypokalemia inoitika kana potasiamu mazinga akanyanya kuderera. Izvi zvinowanzoitika semhedzisiro ye:

• kusagadzikana kwekudya
• kurutsa zvakanyanya kana manyoka
• kupera mvura mumuviri
• mimwe mishonga, kusanganisira laxatives, diuretics, uye corticosteroids

Sodium

Sodium inofanirwa kuti muviri uchengetedze muyero wemvura uye wakakosha pakuita kwomuviri kushanda. Izvo zvinobatsirawo kudzora tsinga kushanda uye mhasuru kudzvinyirira.

Hypernatremia inoitika kana paine yakawandisa sodium muropa. Zvakawanda zvisina kujairika mazinga e sodium anogona kukonzerwa ne:

• kunwa mvura zvisina kukwana
• kupera simba kwakanyanya
• kurasikirwa zvakanyanya kwemvura dzemumuviri nekuda kwekurutsa kwenguva refu, manyoka, ziya, kana chirwere chekufema
• mimwe mishonga, kusanganisira corticosteroids

Hyponatremia inokura kana paine sodium shoma. Zvinowanzoitika zvikonzero zveakaderera sodium mazinga anosanganisira:

• kunyanyisa kurasikirwa kwemvura kuburikidza neganda kubva pakudikitira kana kupisa
• kurutsa kana kuita manyoka
• kudya kwakashata
• doro rekushandisa kusagadzikana
• kuwandisa mvura
• utachiona, hypothalamic, kana adrenal kusagadzikana
• chiropa, moyo, kana itsvo kutadza
• mimwe mishonga, inosanganisira diuretics nemishonga yekubata
• urwere hwekuvanzika kusakodzera kweantidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

Kuongorora kusagadzikana kwemagetsi

Ongororo yeropa yakapusa inogona kuyera huwandu hwemagetsi emuviri wako. Kuongororwa kweropa kunotarisa kushanda kwako kweitsvo kwakakosha zvakare.

Chiremba wako angangoda kuita bvunzo dzepanyama kana kuraira mimwe bvunzo kuti asimbise fungidziro ye electrolyte kusagadzikana. Iyi bvunzo yekuwedzera ichasiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ari mubvunzo.

Semuenzaniso, hypernatremia (yakawandisa sodium) inogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwekusimba muganda nekuda kwekukosha kwemvura. Chiremba wako anogona kuita pini bvunzo kuti aone kana kupera mvura mumuviri kuri kukukanganisa.

Ivo vanogona zvakare kuyedza mafungiro ako, sezvo ese ari maviri akawedzera uye akapera mazinga emamwe maelectrolyte anogona kukanganisa mafungiro.

Electrococardiogram (ECG kana EKG), inoteedzera magetsi yemoyo wako, inogona zvakare kubatsira kutarisa chero kurovera kwemoyo zvisina kujairika, mutinhimira, kana ECG kana EKG shanduko inounzwa nematambudziko e electrolyte.

Kurapa kusagadzikana kwe electrolyte

Kurapa kunosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwe electrolyte kusagadzikana uye nemamiriro ezvinhu ari kuikonzera.

Kazhinji, kumwe kurapa kunoshandiswa kudzosera muyero wakaringana wemaminerari mumuviri. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

Intravenous (IV) zvinwiwa

Intravenous (IV) zvinwiwa, zvinowanzoita sodium chloride, zvinogona kubatsira kudzorerazve muviri. Mushonga uyu unowanzo shandiswa mumamiriro ekushomeka kwemvura kunokonzerwa nekurutsa kana manyoka. Electrolyte zvinowedzera zvinogona kuwedzerwa kune IV emvura kunogadzirisa kushomeka.

Mimwe mishonga IV

IV mishonga inogona kubatsira muviri wako kudzorera electrolyte chiyero nekukurumidza. Ivo vanogona zvakare kukudzivirira kubva kune zvakashata mhedzisiro iwe uchirapwa neimwe nzira.

Iyo mishonga yaunogamuchira inoenderana ne electrolyte kusagadzikana kwauinako. Mishonga inogona kupihwa inosanganisira calcium gluconate, magnesium chloride, uye potasium chloride.

Oral mishonga uye zvinowedzera

Mishonga yemumuromo uye zvinowedzera zvinowanzoshandiswa kugadzirisa kusagadzikana kwemamineral kusagadzikana mumuviri wako. Izvi zvinowanzoitika kana iwe wakamboonekwa uine chirwere cheitsvo chiri kuenderera.

Zvichienderana nedambudziko rako re electrolyte, unogona kugamuchira mishonga kana zvinowedzerwa zvakadai se:

• calcium (gluconate, carbonate, citrate, kana lactate
• magnesium oxide
• potasium chloride
• phosphate binders, inosanganisira sevelamer hydrochloride (Renagel), lanthanum (Fosrenol), uye calcium-based kurapwa senge calcium carbonate

Vanogona kubatsira kutsiva apera maelectrolyte pane pfupi- kana kwenguva refu-hwaro, zvinoenderana nechikonzero chinokonzera kusagadzikana kwako. Kamwe kusaenzana kwagadziriswa, chiremba wako anozobata chakakonzera.

Kunyangwe zvimwe zvekuwedzera zvinogona kutengwa pamusoro pekambani, vanhu vazhinji vane kusagadzikana kwe electrolyte vanowana mushonga wezvekuwedzera kubva kuna chiremba wavo.

Hemodialysis

Hemodialysis imhando yedialysis iyo inoshandisa muchina kubvisa marara kubva muropa rako.

Imwe nzira yekuita kuti ropa riyerere kuenda kune iyi itsvo yekunyepedzera ndeyekuti chiremba wako aite oparesheni yekuwana vascular kuwana, kana nzvimbo yekupinda, mumidziyo yako yeropa.

Iyi yekupinda poindi inobvumidza huwandu hukuru hweropa kuyerera nemuviri wako panguva yekurapa hemodialysis. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ropa rakawanda rinogona kusefetwa uye kucheneswa.

Hemodialysis inogona kushandiswa apo chirwere che electrolyte chinokonzerwa nekukuvara kwetsvo kamwe kamwe uye kumwe kurapa kusiri kushanda. Chiremba wako anogona zvakare kusarudza nezve hemodialysis kurapwa kana dambudziko re electrolyte rave kutyisidzira hupenyu.

Njodzi zvinhu zve electrolyte kusagadzikana

Chero ani zvake anogona kuvandudza chinetso che electrolyte. Vamwe vanhu vari panjodzi yakawedzera nekuda kwenhoroondo yavo yekurapa. Mamiriro ezvinhu anowedzera njodzi yako kune electrolyte kusagadzikana anosanganisira:

• doro rekushandisa kusagadzikana
• cirrhosis
• congestive moyo kutadza
• chirwere cheitsvo
• kusagadzikana kwekudya, senge anorexia uye bulimia
• kushungurudzika, sekutsva kwakanyanya kana kutyoka mapfupa
• chirwere chetachiona
• adrenal gland kusagadzikana

Kudzivirira electrolyte kusagadzikana

Tevedzera rairo iyi kubatsira kudzivirira kusagadzikana kwe electrolyte:

• gara uine hydrated kana uri kusangana nekurutsa kwenguva refu, manyoka, kana kudikitira
• shanyira chiremba wako kana uri kusangana nezviratidzo zvakajairika zvechirwere chemagetsi

Kana iyo electrolyte kusagadzikana kuchikonzerwa nemishonga kana mamiriro epasi, chiremba wako achagadzirisa mishonga yako uye obata icho chinokonzeresa. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzivirira mune remangwana kusaenzana kwemagetsi.