Kusingaperi Kushungurudzika

Zvemukati

• Sei Kusingaperi Kushungurudzika Kusiyana Kubva Kuno Kuora Mwoyo?
• Ndezvipi Zviratidzo zveKusingaperi Kushungurudzika?
• Kusingaperi Kushushikana Kunoonekwa Sei?
• Kusingaperi Kushungurudzika Kunobatwa Sei?
• Mishonga
• Kurapa
• Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
• Maitiro Ehupenyu Shanduko
• Ndeapi Maonero Evanhu Vane Kusingaperi Kushushikana?
• Zviwanikwa zveVanhu Vane Kusingaperi Kushungurudzika
• Tsigira Mapoka
• Kuzviuraya Rubatsiro Mutsetse
• Kuzviuraya Kudzivirira

Chii chinonzi Kusingaperi Kushungurudzika?

Endogenous kushushikana rudzi rweakanyanya kushungurudzika kusagadzikana (MDD). Kunyangwe yaimboonekwa sechirwere chakasiyana, kushushikana kwekusingaperi hakuwanzo kuongororwa. Pane kudaro, ikozvino kuongororwa se MDD. MDD, inozivikanwawo sekiriniki yekuora mwoyo, chirwere chepfungwa chinoratidzirwa nekuramba uye kwakanyanya kunzwa kwekusuwa kwenguva yakareba. Aya manzwiro ane kukanganisa kwakashata pamanzwiro uye maitiro pamwe nemabasa akasiyana epanyama, kusanganisira kurara uye kudya. Vanenge 7 muzana yevakuru muUnited States vanoona MDD gore rega rega. Vatsvakurudzi havazivi chaicho chikonzero chinokonzera kushushikana. Nekudaro, ivo vanotenda kuti inogona kukonzerwa nekubatanidzwa kwe:

• majini zvinhu
• zvipenyu zvinhu
• zvepfungwa zvinhu
• zvakatipoteredza zvinhu

Vamwe vanhu vanoora moyo mushure mekufirwa nemudiwa, kugumisa hukama, kana kusangana nedambudziko. Nekudaro, kusingaperi kushushikana kunoitika pasina chiitiko chiri pachena chinonetsa kana chimwe chinokonzeresa. Zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa kamwe kamwe uye pasina chikonzero chiri pachena.

Sei Kusingaperi Kushungurudzika Kusiyana Kubva Kuno Kuora Mwoyo?

Vatsvagiri vaishandisa kusiyanisa kusingaperi kwekushungurudzika uye kushushikana kwakanyanya nekuvapo kana kusavapo kwechiitiko chinotambudza pamberi pekutanga kweMDC:

Kusagadzikana kusingaperi kunoitika pasina kuvapo kwekushushikana kana kushungurudzika. Mune mamwe mazwi, haina chikonzero chiri pachena chekunze. Pane kudaro, inogona kunge ichinyanya kukonzerwa nemajini uye zvipenyu zvinhu. Ichi ndicho chikonzero kusingaperi kushushikana kunogona kutumidzwawo se "biologically based" kushushikana.

Kushushikana kwakanyanya kunoitika mushure mechiitiko chinotambudza kana chinotyisa chinoitika. Rudzi urwu rwekushungurudzika runonyanya kunzi "reactive" kushushikana.

Nyanzvi dzehutano hwepfungwa dzaimboshandiswa kusiyanisa pakati pemhando mbiri idzi dzeMDC, asi izvi hazvisisiri zvakadaro. Vazhinji vashandi vehutano hwepfungwa izvozvi vanoita MDD kuongororwa kubva pane zvimwe zviratidzo.

Ndezvipi Zviratidzo zveKusingaperi Kushungurudzika?

Vanhu vane kusagadzikana kusingaperi vanotanga kuona zviratidzo nekukasira uye pasina chikonzero chiri pachena. Mhando, kuwanda, uye kuomarara kwezviratidzo zvinogona kusiyana kubva pamunhu-kuenda-kumunhu.

Zviratidzo zvekusingaperi kushushikana zvakafanana neizvo zve MDD. Zvinosanganisira:

• kuramba uchinzwa kusuwa kana kusava netariro
• kurasikirwa nekufarira mumabasa kana zvekuzvivaraidza izvo zvaimbonakidza, kusanganisira bonde
• kuneta
• kusava nechido
• kunetseka kuisa pfungwa, kufunga, kana kuita sarudzo
• kunetseka kurara kana kuramba wakarara
• kusasangana kwevanhu panzvimbo imwe
• pfungwa dzekuzviuraya
• kutemwa nemusoro
• tsandanyama aches
• kurasikirwa nenzara kana kudya zvakanyanya

Kusingaperi Kushushikana Kunoonekwa Sei?

Wako wekutanga wekutarisira kana wehutano hwepfungwa anogona kuongorora MDD. Ivo vachatanga kukubvunza iwe nezve yako nhoroondo yekurapa. Ita shuwa yekuvazivisa nezve chero mishonga yauri kutora uye nezve chero aripo ekurapa kana epfungwa mamiriro ehutano. Zvinobatsirawo kuvaudza kana paine nhengo dzemhuri yako dzine MDD kana kuti dzakambove nadzo kare.

Mutapi wako wezvehutano achakubvunzawo nezve zviratidzo zvako. Vachada kuziva kuti zviratidzo zvakatanga rini uye kana zvakatanga mushure mekunge iwe waona chiitiko chinonetsa kana chinotyisa. Mubatsiri wako wehutano anogona zvakare kukupa akateedzana emibvunzo inoongorora manzwiro auri kuita. Aya mibvunzo emibvunzo anogona kuvabatsira kuona kana iwe uine MDD.

Kuti uonekwe uine MDD, unofanirwa kusangana nemimwe miitiro yakanyorwa muDiagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (DSM). Iri bhuku rinowanzoshandiswa nevashandi vehutano hwepfungwa kuti vaongorore mamiriro ehutano hwepfungwa. Nzira huru yekuongororwa kweMDC ndeye "kushushikana mupfungwa kana kurasikirwa kwechido kana kunakidzwa mumabasa ezuva nezuva kweanopfuura vhiki mbiri."

Kunyangwe iro bhuku rekushandisa raishandiswa kusiyanisa pakati pemhando dzekusingaperi uye dzekunze dzekushungurudzika, iyo yazvino vhezheni haichapa iwo mutsauko. Nyanzvi dzehutano hwepfungwa dzinogona kuita kuongororwa kwekusingaperi kushushikana kana zviratidzo zve MDD zvakagadzirwa pasina chikonzero chiri pachena.

Kusingaperi Kushungurudzika Kunobatwa Sei?

Kukunda MDD harisi basa riri nyore, asi zviratidzo zvinogona kurapwa nemusanganiswa wemishonga uye kurapwa.

Mishonga

Mishonga inonyanya kushandiswa kurapa vanhu vane MDD inosanganisira kusarudza serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) uye serotonin inosarudza uye norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Vamwe vanhu vanogona kunyorerwa tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), asi aya madhiragi haashandiswe zvakanyanya sezvaaimboita. Iyi mishonga inowedzera huwandu hwemamwe makemikari ehuropi ayo anokonzera kuderera kwezviratidzo zvekushushikana.

SSRIs rudzi rwemishonga inodzvinyirira inogona kutorwa nevanhu vane MDD. Mienzaniso yeSSRIs inosanganisira:

• paroxetine (Paxil)
• fluoxetine (Prozac)
• sertraline (Zoloft)
• escitalopram (Lexapro)
• citalopram (Celexa)

SSRIs inogona kukonzera kutemwa nemusoro, kuda kurutsa, uye kushaya hope pakutanga. Nekudaro, iyi mhedzisiro mhedzisiro inowanzoenda mushure mekanguva kapfupi.

SNRIs ndeimwe mhando yemishonga inodzvinyirira inogona kushandiswa kurapa vanhu vane MDD. Mienzaniso yeSNRIs inosanganisira:

• venlafaxine (Effexor)
• duloxetine (Cymbalta)
• desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, maCAA anogona kushandiswa senzira yekurapa kune vanhu vane MDD. Mienzaniso yeCAA inosanganisira:

• trimipramine (Surmontil)
• imipramine (Tofranil)
• nortriptyline (Pamelor)

Iyo mhedzisiro mhedzisiro yeTCAs dzimwe nguva inogona kuve yakakomba kupfuura iya kubva kune mamwe anodzvinyirira. TCAs dzinogona kukonzera kukotsira, dzungu, uye kurema kuwana. Ngwarira kuverenga ruzivo rwakapihwa nekhemisi uye taura nachiremba wako kana paine zvaunonetseka. Mushonga unowanzoda kutorwa kweanosvika mavhiki mana kusvika matanhatu zviratidzo zvisati zvavandudzika. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinogona kutora kusvika kumavhiki gumi nemaviri kuti uone kuvandudzwa kwezviratidzo.

Kana mumwe mushonga ukaita kunge usiri kushanda, taura nemupi wako nezve kuchinjira kune mumwe mushonga. Sekureva kweNational Institute of Mental Health (NAMI), vanhu vasina kuita zvirinani mushure mekutora yavo yekutanga mishonga yekudzvinyirira vaive nemukana uri nani wekuvandudza pavakaedza mumwe mushonga kana mubatanidzwa wemishonga.

Kunyangwe kana zviratidzo zvikatanga kuwedzera, iwe unofanirwa kuramba uchinwa mushonga wako. Iwe unofanirwa kumira chete kutora mishonga pasi pekutarisirwa kweanopa uyo akaraira yako mushonga. Iwe ungatofanira kumisa mushonga zvishoma nezvishoma pane izvo zvese kamwechete. Kamwe kamwe kumisa antidipressant kunogona kutungamira kuzvidzora zviratidzo. Zviratidzo zve MDD zvinogona zvakare kudzoka kana kurapwa kwapera nekukurumidza.

Kurapa

Psychotherapy, inozivikanwawo sekutaura kwekutaura, inosanganisira kusangana nachiremba panguva dzese. Rudzi urwu rwekurapa runogona kukubatsira kutsungirira mamiriro ako uye chero zvine chekuita nenyaya. Iyo miviri mikuru mikuru yekurapwa kwepfungwa ndeyekuziva kwehunhu hwekurapa (CBT) uye nehunyanzvi hwekurapa (IPT).

CBT inogona kukubatsira kutsiva zvitendero zvisina kunaka nezvakanaka, zvakanaka. Nekudzidzira nemaune kufunga kwakanaka uye kudzikamisa pfungwa dzakashata, iwe unogona kuvandudza maitiro ako huropi kupindura kune asina kunaka mamiriro.

IPT inogona kukubatsira iwe kushanda kuburikidza nekushungurudza hukama hunogona kunge huri kupa kune ako mamiriro.

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kusanganiswa kwemishonga uye kurapa kunoshanda pakurapa vanhu vane MDD.

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) inogona kuitwa kana zviratidzo zvikasavandudzika nemushonga nemushonga. ECT inosanganisira kubatanidza ma electrode kumusoro izvo zvinotumira magetsi emagetsi kuuropi, zvichikonzera kubata pfupi. Rudzi urwu rwekurapa harusi rwekutyisa sezvarunonzwika uye rwakavandudzika zvakanyanya pamusoro pemakore. Zvinogona kubatsira kurapa vanhu vane kusingaperi kushushikana nekuchinja kusangana kwemakemikari muuropi.

Maitiro Ehupenyu Shanduko

Kuita zvimwe zvigadziriso kuhupenyu hwako uye zviitiko zvezuva nezuva zvinogona zvakare kubatsira kuvandudza zviratidzo zvekusingaperi kushushikana. Kunyangwe kana zviitiko zvacho zvisinganakidze pakutanga, muviri wako nepfungwa zvinowirirana nekufamba kwenguva. Hezvino zvimwe zvinhu zvekuyedza:

• Enda kunze uite chimwe chinhu chinoshanda, senge kukwira kana bhasikoro.
• Tora chikamu muzviitiko zvawainakidzwa usati waora mwoyo.
• Pedza nguva uine vamwe vanhu, kusanganisira shamwari nevadikani.
• Nyora mubhuku.
• Wana maawa matanhatu ekurara manheru ega ega.
• Chengetedza chikafu chine hutano chinosanganisira zviyo zvakakwana, mapuroteni akaonda, uye miriwo.

Ndeapi Maonero Evanhu Vane Kusingaperi Kushushikana?

Vanhu vazhinji vane MDD vanova nani pavanonamira pane yavo yekurapa chirongwa. Zvinowanzotora vhiki dzinoverengeka kuti uone kuvandudzwa kwezviratidzo mushure mekutanga regimen yeanodzvinyirira. Vamwe vangangoda kuyedza mashoma akasiyana marudzi eanodzvinyirira vasati vatanga kuona shanduko.

Kureba kwekudzoka zvakare kunoenderana nekuti kurapwa kwekutanga kunogamuchirwa sei. Kana ikasiiwa isina kurapwa, MDD inogona kugara kwemwedzi yakati wandei kana kunyangwe makore. Kamwe kurapwa kuchinge kwagamuchirwa, zvisinei, zviratidzo zvinogona kupera mukati memwedzi miviri kusvika mitatu.

Kunyangwe kana zviratidzo zvikatanga kudzikira, zvakakosha kuti urambe uchitora mishonga yese yakatemwa kunze kwekunge mupi akaraira mushonga wako akakuudza kuti zvakanaka kumira. Kupedza kurapwa nekukurumidza kunogona kutungamira kudzokazve kana kubvisa zviratidzo zvinozivikanwa seanodzvinyirira discontinuation syndrome.

Zviwanikwa zveVanhu Vane Kusingaperi Kushungurudzika

Kune akawanda mu-munhu uye epamhepo ekutsigira mapoka pamwe nezvimwe zviwanikwa zviripo kune vanhu vari kusangana neMDD.

Tsigira Mapoka

Masangano mazhinji, akadai seNational Alliance yeMental Illness, anopa dzidzo, mapoka ekutsigira, uye kuraira. Zvirongwa zvekubatsira kwevashandi uye mapoka ezvitendero zvakare anogona kupa rubatsiro kune avo vane endogenous depression.

Kuzviuraya Rubatsiro Mutsetse

Dhonza 911 kana enda kuimba yekukurumidzira ipapo kana iwe uine pfungwa dzekuzvikuvadza iwe kana vamwe. Iwe unogona zvakare kufonera iyo National Suicide Prevention Lifeline pa800-273-TALK (8255). Iyi sevhisi inowanikwa maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva, mazuva manomwe pavhiki. Iwe unogona zvakare kutaura navo online.

Kuzviuraya Kudzivirira

Kana iwe uchifunga kuti mumwe munhu ari pangozi yekuzvikuvadza kana kukuvadza mumwe munhu:

• Fonera 911 kana yako yemuno emergency emergency.
• Gara nemunhu kusvika rubatsiro rwasvika.
• Bvisa chero pfuti, mapanga, mishonga, kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukuvadza.
• Teerera, asi usatonga, kukakavara, kutyisidzira, kana kupopota.

Kana iwe uchifunga kuti mumwe munhu ari kufunga kuzviuraya, tora rubatsiro kubva padambudziko kana nhare yekudzivirira kuzviuraya. Edza iyo National Suicide Kudzivirira Lifeline pa800-273-8255.

Zvinyorwa: National Suicide Prevention Lifeline uye Kushungurudzwa Kwemishonga uye Mental Health Services Administration