Kunzwa Miedzo yeVana

Zvemukati

• Ndezvipi zviedzo zvekunzwa zvevana?
• Chii chavanoshandiswa?
• Nei mwana wangu achida bvunzo yekunzwa?
• Chii chinoitika panguva yekuedzwa kwekunzwa?
• Ndichada here kuita chero chinhu kugadzirira bvunzo yekunzwa?
• Kune here njodzi dzokunzwa bvunzo?
• Zvinorevei mhedzisiro yacho?
• Pane chimwe chinhu here chandinofanira kuziva nezvekunzwa bvunzo?
• Zvinyorwa

Ndezvipi zviedzo zvekunzwa zvevana?

Iyi bvunzo inoyera kuti mwana wako anokwanisa kunzwa sei. Kunyangwe kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kuchigona kuitika chero pazera, matambudziko ekunzwa muhucheche uye achiri mudiki anogona kuve nemhedzisiro. Imhaka yekuti kunzwa kwakajairika kwakakosha mukusimudzira mutauro muvacheche nevacheche. Kunyangwe kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kwenguva pfupi kunogona kuomesera mwana kuti anzwisise mutauro unotaurwa uye kudzidza kutaura.

Kunzwa kwakajairika kunoitika kana mafungu ezwi achipinda munzeve yako, zvichikonzera kuti nzeve yako izununguke. Kutinhira kunofambisa mafungu kuenda kure munzeve, uko kunokonzeresa maseru etsinga kuti atumire ruzivo rwekurira kuhuropi hwako. Ruzivo urwu runodudzirwa mumanzwi aunonzwa.

Kunzwa kurasikirwa kunoitika kana paine dambudziko nechimwe kana zvimwe zvikamu zvezeve, tsinga dziri mukati mezeve, kana chikamu chehuropi chinodzora kunzwa. Kune matatu makuru mhando dzekunzwa kurasikirwa:

• Inoitisa. Mhando iyi yekurasikirwa kwekunzwa inokonzerwa nekuvharika kwekutapurirana kweruzha munzeve. Inowanzoitika kune vacheche uye vana vadiki uye inowanzo kukonzerwa nehutachiona nzeve kana fluid munzeve. Kuita kurasika kwekunzwa kunowanzo nyoro, kwenguva pfupi, uye kunorapika.
• Sensorineurual (inonziwo nerve matsi). Mhando iyi yekurasikirwa kwekunzwa inokonzerwa nedambudziko nemamiriro enzeve uye / kana netsinga dzinodzora kunzwa. Inogona kunge iripo pakuzvarwa kana kuratidza kunonoka muhupenyu. Sensorineural kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kunowanzo kuve kwechigarire. Rudzi urwu rwekurasikirwa kwekunzwa runotangira pane hunyoro (kusakwanisa kunzwa mamwe manzwi) kudzika (kutadza kunzwa chero ruzha).
• Yakasanganiswa, mubatanidzwa wezvose zvinofambisa uye zvinonzwa kunzwa kurasikirwa.

Kana mwana wako akaonekwa aine kurasikirwa kwekunzwa, pane nhanho dzaunotora dzinogona kubatsira kubata kana kubata mamiriro acho.

Mamwe mazita: audiometry; audiography, audiogram, bvunzo bvunzo

Chii chavanoshandiswa?

Iyi bvunzo inoshandiswa kuona kana mwana wako achinzwa kurasikirwa kwekunzwa uye, kana zvirizvo, zvakakomba sei.

Nei mwana wangu achida bvunzo yekunzwa?

Nguva dzose bvunzo dzekunzwa dzinokurudzirwa kune vazhinji vacheche nevana. Vacheche vanowanzo kupihwa bvunzo yekunzwa vasati vabuda muchipatara. Kana mwana wako asingapfuure iyi bvunzo yekunzwa, hazvireve kuti nguva dzose zvinoreva kurasikirwa kukuru kwekunzwa. Asi mwana wako anofanirwa kudzokororwa mukati memwedzi mitatu.

Vazhinji vana vanofanirwa kuongororwa nzeve dzavo pakuongororwa kwese kweutano nguva dzese. Kuongorora uku kunogona kusanganisira kuongorora kwepanyama nzeve inoongorora wakisi yakawandisa, fluid, kana zviratidzo zvehutachiona. IAmerican Academy yePediatrics inokurudzira bvunzo dzekunzwa dzakanyanya (ona pazasi pemhando dzebvunzo) pazera remakore 4, 5, 6, 8, uye gumi. Kuedzwa kunofanira kuitwa kazhinji kana mwana wako aine zviratidzo zvekunzwa kwekunzwa.

Zviratidzo zvekurasikirwa kwekunzwa mumwana zvinosanganisira:

• Kwete kusvetuka kana kuvhunduka mukuita ruzha rukuru
• Kwete kuita nezwi remubereki nemwedzi mitatu yekuzvarwa
• Kwete kutendeudza maziso ake kana musoro kune ruzha nemwedzi mitanhatu yekukura
• Kwete kutevedzera manzwi kana kutaura mashoma mashoma mazwi nemwedzi gumi nembiri

Zviratidzo zvekurasikirwa kwekunzwa mumwana mudiki zvinosanganisira:

• Kunonoka kutaura kana kutaura kunonetsa kunzwisisa. Vazhinji vana vadiki vanogona kutaura mashoma mazwi, sa "mama" kana "dada," nemwedzi gumi nemashanu yekukura.
• Kusadaira ukadaidzwa nezita
• Asingateereri

Zviratidzo zvekurasikirwa kwekunzwa muvana vakuru uye vechidiki zvinosanganisira:

• Dambudziko rekunzwisisa izvo vamwe vanhu vari kutaura, kunyanya munzvimbo ine ruzha
• Dambudziko rekunzwa ruzha rwakakwira
• Inoda kukwidza vhorumu paTV kana mumhanzi mutambi
• Inzwi rinorira munzeve

Chii chinoitika panguva yekuedzwa kwekunzwa?

Ongororo dzekutanga dzekunzwa dzinowanzoitwa panguva dzekutariswa nguva dzose. Kana paine kurasikirwa kwekunzwa, mwana wako anogona kuyedzwa uye kurapwa nemumwe wevanotevera vanopa:

• Nyanzvi yezvekunzwa, mupi wehutano anonyanya kuongorora chirwere, kurapa uye kugadzirisa kurasikirwa kwekunzwa
• Otolaryngologist (ENT), chiremba anonyanya kurapa zvirwere uye mamiriro enzeve, mhino, nehuro.

Kune akatiwandei mhando dzekunzwa bvunzo. Rudzi rweyedzo yakapihwa inoenderana nezera uye zviratidzo. Kune vacheche uye vana vadiki, kuyedza kunosanganisira kushandisa maseru (anotaridzika kunge zvidiki zvidiki) kana ma probes kuyera kunzwa. Hazvidi mhinduro yemuromo. Vana vakura vanogona kupihwa bvunzo dzakanaka. Ruzha miedzo tarisa mhinduro kumatoni kana mazwi akaunzwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, mavhoriyamu, uye / kana ruzha nharaunda.

Ongororo yekuongorora pfungwa (ABR) bvunzo.Izvi zvinotarisa kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kwekunzwa. Inotarisa maitiro anoita huropi kurira. Iyo inowanzo shandiswa kuyedza vacheche, kusanganisira vacheche. Panguva iyi bvunzo:

• Nyanzvi yeaudiologist kana mumwe mupi anoisa ma electrode pachikanda uye kuseri kwenzeve imwe neimwe. Ma electrode akabatana nekombuta.
• Tumira maearphones anoiswa mukati mezeve.
• Kubaya uye matoni anozotumirwa kunzeve.
• Ma electrode anoyera mhinduro yehuropi kumitinhimira uye icharatidza mhedzisiro pakombuta.

Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) bvunzo. Muedzo uyu unoshandiswa kune vacheche nevana vadiki. Panguva yekuedzwa:

• Nyanzvi yekuteerera kana mumwe mupi achaisa purojekiti diki inoita senge nharembozha mukati mekanoti.
• Inzwi rinotumirwa kunzvera.
• Iyo probe inorekodha uye kuyera mhinduro yemukati yenzeve kumatinhiro.
• Muedzo unogona kuwana kurasikirwa kwekunzwa, asi haugone kutaura musiyano uripo pakati penzwi uye kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kwekunzwa.

Tympanometry inoedza mashandiro anoita eardrum yako. Panguva yekuedzwa:

• Iyo audiologist kana mumwe mupi anoisa diki diki mukati mekanzeve kenzeve.
• Chigadzirwa chinosundira mweya munzeve, ichiita kuti eardrum ifambe-fambe ichidzokera nekudzoka.
• Mushini unorekodha kufamba pane magirafu anonzi tympanograms.
• Muedzo unobatsira kutsvaga kana paine hutachiona hutsi kana mamwe matambudziko senge fluid kana wax buildup, kana gomba kana kubvarura munzeve.
• Bvunzo iyi inoda kuti mwana wako agare akanyarara, saka hazviwanzo kushandiswa pane vacheche kana vana vadiki.

Izvi zvinotevera mamwe marudzi ebvunzo dzezwi:

Acoustic Reflex Matanho inonziwo yepakati nzeve mhasuru reflex (MEMR), edza kuti nzeve inopindura sei kurira kurira. Mukunzwa kwakajairika, kanyama kadiki mukati menzeve kanosunga paunonzwa ruzha rukuru. Izvi zvinonzi acoustic reflex. Zvinoitika iwe usingazvizive. Panguva yekuedzwa:

• Iyo audiologist kana mumwe mupi achaisa yakapfava tambo yerabha mukati mezeve.
• Mutsara weruzha unotumirwa kuburikidza nemazano uye unorekodwa pamushini.
• Muchina uyu ucharatidza kana kana ruzha rwakonzeresa kufungidzira.
• Kana kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kwakaipa, kurira kwacho kunogona kunge kuri kurira kwazvo kuti kukonzere kufunga, kana kuti kungasakonzera kufungidzira zvachose.

Yakachena-toni bvunzo, inozivikanwawo se audiometry. Panguva iyi bvunzo:

• Mwana wako anozoisa pamahedhifoni.
• Akateedzana matoni anozotumirwa kune mahedhifoni.
• Nyanzvi yekuteerera kana mumwe mupi achachinja kukwirira uye ruzha rwematani kumatunhu akasiyana panguva yekuyedzwa. Pane dzimwe nzvimbo, matani anogona kunge asinganzwisisike.
• Iye mupi anozokumbira mwana wako kuti apindure pese pavanonzwa matoni. Mhinduro yacho ingave yekusimudza ruoko kana kubaya bhatani.
• Muedzo unobatsira kuwana runyararo runyararo rwunogona kunzwikwa nemwana wako munzvimbo dzakasiyana.

Kugadzirisa forogo bvunzo. Foroko yekugadzirisa chinhu chakagadzirwa nesimbi-mbiri chinoita simbi kana ichidedera. Panguva yekuedzwa:

• Nyanzvi yekuteerera kana mumwe mupi anoisa fork yekugadzirisa kuseri kwenzeve kana pamusoro pemusoro.
• Iye mupi acharova forogo kuitira kuti iite toni.
• Mwana wako anozobvunzwa kuti ataure mupiki chero iwe paunonzwa toni pane akasiyana mavhoriyamu, kana kana vakanzwa kurira munzeve yekuruboshwe, kurudyi nzeve, kana zvese zviri zviviri zvakaenzana.
• Muedzo unogona kuratidza kana paine kurasikirwa kwekunzwa mune imwe kana nzeve mbiri. Iyo inogona zvakare kuratidza kuti ndeupi rudzi rwekunzwa kurasikirwa nemwana wako ane (conductive kana sensorineural).

Kutaura uye kuziva izwi unogona kuratidza kuti mwana wako anonzwa sei mutauro unotaurwa. Panguva yekuedzwa:

• Mwana wako anozoisa pamahedhifoni.
• Nyanzvi yeaudio ichataura kuburikidza nemahedhifoni, uye kumbira mwana wako kuti adzokorore nhevedzano yemazwi akapusa, anotaurwa mumhando dzakasiyana
• Iye mupi anorekodha kutaura kwakapfava uko mwana wako anokwanisa kunzwa.
• Kumwe kwekuyedzwa kunogona kuitwa munzvimbo ine ruzha, nekuti vanhu vazhinji vane kurasikirwa kwekunzwa vanonetseka kunzwisisa kutaura munzvimbo dzine ruzha.
• Aya maedzo anoitwa pavana vakura zvakakwana kuti vataure uye vanzwisise mutauro.

Ndichada here kuita chero chinhu kugadzirira bvunzo yekunzwa?

Mwana wako haadi chero gadziriro yakakosha yemuedzo wekunzwa.

Kune here njodzi dzokunzwa bvunzo?

Iko hakuna njodzi yekuita bvunzo yekunzwa.

Zvinorevei mhedzisiro yacho?

Mhedzisiro yako inogona kuratidza kana mwana wako aine kurasikirwa kwekunzwa, uye kana kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kuri kuitisa kana kugona.

Kana mwana wako akaonekwa aine conductive kurasikirwa kwekunzwa, wako mupi anogona kukurudzira mushonga kana kuvhiyiwa, zvinoenderana nechakonzera kurasikirwa.

Kana mwana wako akaonekwa aine sensorineural kurasikirwa kwekunzwa, mhedzisiro yako inogona kuratidza kuti kurasikirwa kwekunzwa ndiko:

• Nyoro: mwana wako haagone kunzwa kumwe kurira, senge matoni akakwirira zvakanyanya kana akaderera zvakanyanya.
• Pakati nepakati: mwana wako haagone kunzwa manzwi mazhinji, akadai sekutaura munzvimbo ine ruzha.
• Zvakanyanya: mwana wako haagoni kunzwa manzwi mazhinji.
• Dzakadzika: mwana wako haagone kunzwa chero ruzha.

Kurapa uye manejimendi yeiyo sensorineural kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kunoenderana nezera uye kuti rakakomba sei. Kana iwe uine mibvunzo nezve mhedzisiro, taura nemubatsiri wehutano wemwana wako.

Pane chimwe chinhu here chandinofanira kuziva nezvekunzwa bvunzo?

Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekugadzirisa kurasikirwa kwekunzwa. Kunyangwe kana kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kuri kwekusingaperi, kune nzira dzekugadzirisa mamiriro ako. Sarudzo dzekurapa dzinosanganisira:

• Kunzwa rubatsiro. Rubatsiro rwekunzwa mudziyo unopfeka kuseri kana mukati mezeve. Rubatsiro rwekunzwa runokura (runowedzera kurira) kurira. Dzimwe rubatsiro rwekunzwa dzine mamwe mabasa epamberi. Wako audiologist anogona kukurudzira yakanakisa sarudzo iwe.
• Cochlear anodyara. Ichi chigadzirwa chakasimwa chinovhiya munzeve. Iyo inowanzo shandiswa muvanhu vane zvakanyanya zvakanyanya kurasikirwa kwekunzwa uye vasina kuwana yakawanda bhenefiti nekushandisa chekunzwa rubatsiro. Cochlear implants inotumira ruzha yakanangana nenzwa yekunzwa.
• Kuvhiya. Dzimwe mhando dzekunzwa kurasikirwa dzinogona kurapwa nekuvhiyiwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira matambudziko eardrum kana mumabhonzo madiki mukati mezeve.

Uye zvakare, iwe ungangoda ku:

• Shanda nevapi vezvehutano vanogona kukubatsira iwe nemwana wako kutaurirana. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira varapi vekutaura uye / kana nyanzvi dzinopa dzidziso mumutauro wemasaini, kuverenga miromo, kana mamwe marudzi enzira dzemitauro.
• Joinha mapoka ekutsigira
• Ronga kushanya wenguva dzose neye audiologist uye / kana otolaryngologist (nzeve, mhino, uye huro chiremba)

Zvinyorwa

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Ruzivo ruri pane ino saiti harufanire kushandiswa sekutsiva kwehunyanzvi kurapwa kana kurairwa. Bata mupi wehutano kana iwe uine mibvunzo nezve hutano hwako.