Inoshanda Sei Mushonga weCOVID-19?

Zvemukati

• Mushonga weCOVID-19 unoshanda sei?
• Mushonga weCCVID-19 unoshanda zvakadii?
• Izvi zvinorevei kwauri?
• Ongororo ye

Chikafu neDrug Administration (FDA) yakatobvumidza majekiseni maviri eCOVID-19 muUS kuti ashandiswe neveruzhinji. Vanodaidzira majekiseni ekudzivirira kubva kuPfizer neModerna varatidza mhedzisiro inovimbisa mumakiriniki ekuyedza, uye masisitimu ehutano munyika yose ave kuburitsa majekiseni aya kuvanhu.

Idzo dzese inhau dzinonakidza - kunyanya mushure mekudhonzera mukati megore re #pandemiclife - asi zvakajairwa kuva nemibvunzo nezve kugona kwemushonga weCCVID-19 uye chii, chaizvo, izvi zvinoreva iwe.

Mushonga weCOVID-19 unoshanda sei?

Kune majekiseni makuru maviri ari kutariswa muU.S. izvozvi: Imwe inogadzirwa naPfizer, uye imwe yacho naModerna. Makambani ese ari maviri ari kushandisa mhando nyowani yekudzivirira inonzi messenger RNA (mRNA).

Mishonga yekudzivirira mRNA iyi inoshanda nekukodha chikamu cheprotein chinowanikwa pamusoro peSARS-CoV-2, hutachiona hunokonzera COVID-19, sekureva kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention. Panzvimbo pekuisa hutachiona husingaite mumuviri wako (sezvakaitwa nemushonga wefuruwenza), mishonga yemRNA inoshandisa zvidimbu zveprotein yakavharidzirwa kubva kuSARs-CoV-2 kukurudzira mhinduro yekudzivirira kubva mumuviri wako uye kugadzira masoja ekudzivirira chirwere, inotsanangura nyanzvi yechirwere chinotapukira Amesh A. .Adalja, MD, nyanzvi yepamusoro paJohn Hopkins Center for Health Security.

Muviri wako unopedzisira wabvisa mapuroteni uye mRNA, asi masoja ekudzivirira muviri ane simba rekugara. ICDC inoshuma kuti imwe dhata inodiwa kuti isimbise kuti ma antibodies akareba zvakadii akavakwa kubva kune chero mushonga anozogara. (Inoenderana: Zvinorevei Chaizvo Chinodiwa neCoronavirus Antibody Bvunzo?)

Imwe yekudzivirira inodzika pombi inobva kuJohnson & Johnson. Iyo kambani munguva pfupi yapfuura yakazivisa kunyorera kwayo kune FDA yekumhanyisa kushandisa mvumo yeiyo COVID jekiseni, iyo inoshanda zvishoma zvishoma pane majekiseni akagadzirwa naPfizer naModerna. Chekutanga, haisi yekudzivirira mRNA. Pane kudaro, jekiseni raJohnson & Johnson COVID-19 mushonga weadenovector, zvinoreva kuti inoshandisa hutachiona husingaitwe (adenovirus, iyo inoita kuti dzihwa rakawanda) seanotakura kuendesa mapuroteni (mune ino kesi, iyo spike protein pamusoro peSARS -CoV-2) iyo muviri wako unogona kuziva sekutyisidzira uye kugadzira masoja ekudzivirira chirwere. (Zvimwe pano: Zvese Zvaunoda Kuziva Nezve Johnson & Johnson's COVID-19 Vaccine)

Mushonga weCCVID-19 unoshanda zvakadii?

Pfizer yakagovaniswa kutanga kwaNovember kuti yekudzivirira "inopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe muzana inoshanda" mukudzivirira muviri kubva kuCOVID-90 kutapukira. Moderna yakaratidza zvakare kuti jekiseni rayo rinonyatsoita 94.5 muzana inoshanda pakudzivirira vanhu kubva kuCOVID-19.

Nezve mamiriro ezvinhu, hakuna kumbove nemRNA yekudzivirira yakagamuchirwa neDFA zvisati zvaitika. "Hakuchina mishonga inodzivirira mRNA kusvika pari zvino sezvo iri tekinoroji nyowani yekudzivirira," anodaro Jill Weatherhead, MD, mutevedzeri wapurofesa wemishonga yekudziya uye zvirwere zvinotapukira kuBaylor College yeMedicine. Nekuda kweizvozvo, hapana data iripo, pane efficacy kana neimwe nzira, inowedzera Dr. Weatherhead.

Izvo zvakati, majekiseni aya uye tekinoroji iri kumashure kwavo "akaedzwa zvakaomarara," Sarah Kreps, Ph.D., purofesa mubazi rehurumende uye mupurofesa wezvemutemo paCornell University, uyo achangoburitsa pepa resainzi pane zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa kuda kwevanhu vakuru vekuUS kuti vatore mushonga we COVID-19, anodaro Chimiro.

Muchokwadi, iyo CDC inoshuma kuti vaongorori vanga vachidzidza mRNA majekiseni e "makumi emakore" mukutanga-nhanho kiriniki miedzo yefuruwenza, Zika, chimbwamupengo, uye cytomegalovirus (rudzi rweherpesvirus). Iwo majekiseni ekudzivirira haana kuita kuti apfuure matanho ekutanga kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka, kusanganisira "zvisingatarisirwi zvinogumbura" uye "mhinduro diki dzekuzvidzivirira," maererano neCDC. Nekudaro, kufambira mberi kwesainzi tekinoroji "kwakadzora matambudziko aya uye nekuvandudza kugadzikana kwavo, kuchengetedzeka, uye kuita kwavo," nekudaro vachigadzirira nzira mishonga yekudzivirira yeCOVID-19, sekureva kwesangano iri. (Yakabatana: Iyo Flu Shot Inokudzivirira Iwe kubva kuCoronavirus?)

Kana iri jekiseni raJohnson & Johnson adenovector, kambani yakataura mupepanhau kuti kuyedza kwayo kukuru kwekiriniki kwevanhu vangangosvika zviuru makumi mana nezvina vakaona kuti, zvachose, mushonga wavo weCOVID-19 yaive 85 muzana inoshanda mukudzivirira zvakanyanya COVID-19, ine "yakakwana dziviriro kubva kuCCIDID-inoenderana muchipatara uye kufa" mazuva makumi maviri nemasere mushure mekudzivirira.

Kusiyana nemRNA vaccines, adenovector vaccine senge Johnson & Johnson haisi pfungwa itsva. Mushonga weOxford neAstraZeneca weCOVID-19 - uyo wakabvumidzwa kushandiswa muEU neUK muna Ndira (iyo FDA parizvino yakamirira data kubva kuAtraZeneca's kiriniki kutongwa isati yafunga nezve mvumo yeUS, iyoNew York Times inoshuma) - inoshandisa yakafanana adenovirus tekinoroji. Johnson & Johnson vakashandisawo tekinoroji iyi kugadzira jekiseni rayo reEbola, iro rakaratidzirwa kuve rakachengeteka uye rinoshanda mukugadzira mhinduro yemumuviri.

Izvi zvinorevei kwauri?

Kutaura kuti jekiseni 90 muzana (kana kupfuura) ruzha runoshanda rwakanyanya. Asi izvi zvinoreva majekiseni kudzivirira COVID-19 kana kudzivirira iwe kubva pakurwara kwakanyanya kana uine hutachiona - kana zvese zviri zviviri? Zviri kuvhiringidza zvishoma.

"Miedzo ya [Moderna naPfizer] yakanyatsogadzirirwa kuratidza kushanda pachirwere chechiratidzo, chero zviratidzo zvacho," anodaro Thomas Russo, MD, purofesa uye mukuru wezvirwere zvinotapukira paUniversity kuBuffalo muNew York. Chaizvoizvo, iwo akakwira muzana ekubudirira anoratidza kuti iwe unogona kutarisira kusave nezviratidzo zveCCIDID-19 mushure mekunge wabayiwa zvizere (zvese Pfizer's uye Moderna's vaccine inoda madosi maviri - mavhiki matatu pakati pepfuti yePfizer, mavhiki mana pakati pepfuti yeModerna) , anotsanangura Dr. Russo. Uye, kana iwe ita uchiri kukudziridza hutachiona hwe COVID-19 mushure mekudzivirira, pamwe hauzotori nemhando yakasimba yehutachiona, anowedzera. (Yakabatana: Ko iyo Coronavirus Inokonzera Dhairrhea?)

Nepo majekiseni achiratidzika kunge "anoshanda zvakanyanya" mukudzivirira muviri kubva kuCCIDID-19, "isu tave kuyedza kuona kana vachidzivirirawo kupararira kweasymptomatic," anodaro Dr. Adalja. Zvichireva, iyo data irikuratidza kuti majekiseni anogona kudzikisira mikana yaunowana zviratidzo zveCOVID-19 (kana, zvirinani, zviratidzo zvakakomba) kana ukasangana nehutachiona. Asi iko kutsvagurudza hakuratidze parizvino kana uchiri kugona kubatira COVID-19, usinga zive kuti une hutachiona, uye ndokupfuudza kune vamwe mushure mekudzivirira.

Tichifunga izvozvo, "hazvina kujeka panguva ino" kuti jekiseni rinomisa vanhu kuparadzira hutachiona, anodaro Lewis Nelson, MD, purofesa uye sachigaro wemishonga yechimbichimbi paRutgers New Jersey Medical School uye mukuru webazi mubazi rekukurumidzira pa Chipatara cheYunivhesiti.

Pazasi: "Iyi yekudzivirira inogona kukonzera kubviswa kwehutachiona zvachose, kana kutidzivirira kubva kuchirwere chechiratidzo? Hatizivi, "anodaro Dr. Russo.

Zvakare, majekiseni ekudzivirira haana kufundwa muhuwandu hwakawanda hwevana, kana mumadzimai ane pamuviri kana kuyamwisa, zvichiita kuti zviomere vanachiremba kukurudzira mushonga weCOVID-19 kune avo vanhu panguva ino. Asi izvo zviri kuchinja, sezvo "Pfizer naModerna vari kunyoresa vana vane makore gumi nemaviri zvichikwira," anodaro Dr. Weatherhead. Kunyangwe "dhata rekushanda muvana richiri kusazivikanwa," "hapana chikonzero chekufunga [maitiro] achasiyana zvakanyanya pane izvo [zvazvino] zvidzidzo zvinoratidza," anowedzera Dr. Nelson.

Pamusoro pazvo, vanamazvikokota vanokurudzira vanhu kuti vave nemoyo murefu uye kuti vabaiwe majekiseni pavanenge vachikwanisa. "Majekiseni aya achave chikamu chekugadzirisa denda," anodaro Dr. Adalja. "Asi zvinotora nguva kuti vabude uye vaone mabhenefiti avanopa."

Mashoko ari munyaya iyi akarurama seye nguva yekudhinda. Sezvo zvigadziriso nezve coronavirus COVID-19 ichiramba ichichinja, zvinokwanisika kuti rumwe ruzivo uye kurudziro munyaya iyi zvachinja kubva pakatanga kuburitswa. Tinokukurudzira kuti uongorore nguva zhinji zviwanikwa zvakaita seCDC, iyo WHO, uye nedhipatimendi rako rezvehutano reveruzhinji kune yakanyanya-kudhara dhata uye kurudziro.

Ongororo ye