Chikafu Chinoumbwa Chinokuvadza Here? Kwete Nguva Dzose

Zvemukati

• Chii Chinonzi Mold?
• Ndezvipi Zvekudya Zvinogona Kusvibiswa neMold?
• Zvakajairika Zvikafu Zvinogona Kukura Mould
• Utachiona Hunogonawo Kushatisa Chikafu
• Chii Chaunofanira Kuita Kana Iwe Ukawana Mould MuKudya Kwako
• Zvekudya Unogona Kusunungura
• Zvekudya zvaunofanira kurasa
• Mufuru Unoshandiswa Kugadzira Zvimwe Zvikafu
• Muforoma Inogona Kugadzira Mycotoxins
• Mycotoxins Angave Aripo Mune Zvakawanda Zvikafu
• Mould Inogona Kukonzera Allergic Reaction
• Unogona Sei Kudzivirira Chikafu Kubva Mukukura Mould?
• Icho Chinokosha

Kudya chikafu kunowanzo kukonzerwa neforoma.

Chikafu chine mouldy hachinakirwe uye chisina kugadzirwa uye chinogona kuva nemavara matema kana machena.

Kungofunga kwekudya chikafu chakaumbwa kunokanganisa vanhu vazhinji kunze.

Nepo mamwe marudzi eforoma achigona kuburitsa chepfu inokuvadza, mamwe marudzi anoshandiswa kugadzira zvimwe zvekudya, kusanganisira mamwe machizi.

Chinyorwa ichi chinonyatso tarisa kuumbwa muchikafu uye kana chiri chakashata iwe.

Chii Chinonzi Mold?

Mould rudzi rwefungus inogadzira multicellular, tambo-senge zvivakwa.

Inowanzoonekwa kune ziso revanhu kana ichikura pane chikafu, uye inoshandura chimiro chechikafu. Chikafu chinogona kuve chakapfava uye chinoshandura ruvara, nepo homa yacho pachayo inogona kunge yakanyorova, isina kugadzikana kana iine guruva.

Iyo inogadzira spores iyo inoipa iyo iyo ruvara, iyo inowanzo girini, chena, nhema kana grey. Chikafu chakaumbwa zvakare chinonaka zvakasiyana, zvakati fananei netsvina yakanyorova. Saizvozvowo, chikafu chakaumbwa chinga "nhuwa".

Kunyangwe kana kuumbwa kuchingoonekwa pamusoro, midzi yayo inogona kudzika mukati mekudya. Muforoma inoda hunyoro, inodziya yehupenyu chinhu kuti ikure, saka chikafu chinowanzo kuve chakakwana nharaunda.

Zviuru zvemhando dzakasiyana dzeforoma zviripo uye zvinowanikwa kwese kwese munharaunda. Iwe unogona kutaura kuti chakuvhuvhu inzira yechisikigo yekushandisazve.

Pamusoro pekuvepo mune chikafu, inogona zvakare kuwanikwa mukati memukati mune nyoro mamiriro (1).

Chinangwa chikuru chetsika dzakajairika dzekuchengetedza chikafu, senge kunhonga, kutonhora uye kuomesa, kumisa kukura kweforoma, pamwe nehutachiona hunokanganisa chikafu.

Pfupiso:Mould imhando yefungus inowanikwa munzvimbo dzese. Inoshandura kutaridzika, kuravira uye kugadzirwa kwechikafu icho chainokura pachiri, kuchikonzera kuora.

Ndezvipi Zvekudya Zvinogona Kusvibiswa neMold?

Mould inogona kukura pazvinenge zvese zvekudya.

Izvo zvakati, dzimwe mhando dzechikafu dzinowanzo sanganisa kukura kukura kupfuura dzimwe.

Chikafu chitsva chine huwandu hwemvura yakawanda chinonyanya kutambura. Kune rimwe divi, zvinodzivirira zvinoderedza mukana wekukura kweforoma, pamwe nekukura kwemajemusi ().

Mould haingokure muchikafu chako kumba. Inogona kukura panguva yekugadzirwa kwechikafu zvakare, kusanganisira mukukura kwese, kukohwa, kuchengetedza kana kugadzirisa ().

Zvakajairika Zvikafu Zvinogona Kukura Mould

Pazasi pane zvishoma zvakajairika zvekudya izvo chakuvhe chinoda kukura pane:

• Zvibereko: Kusanganisira mastrawberry, orenji, mazambiringa, maapuro uye raspberries
• Muriwo: Kusanganisira matomatisi, bhero mhiripiri, kolifulawa uye makarotsi
• Chingwa: Kunyanya kana isina zvinodzivirira
• Cheese: Ose ari maviri akapfava uye akaomarara marudzi

Mould inogona zvakare kukura pane zvimwe zvekudya, zvinosanganisira nyama, nzungu, mukaka uye chikafu chakagadzirwa.

Mazhinji mafuruji anoda okisijeni kuti agare, ndosaka kazhinji asingabudirire panogumira oxygen. Nekudaro, chakuvhuvhu chinogona kukura zviri nyore pane chikafu chakarongedzwa mumapaketi asingatenderi mhepo mushure mekuvhurwa.

Mazhinji mafuru anodawo hunyoro kuti ararame, asi imwe mhando inonzi xerophilic mold inogona kupota ichikura munzvimbo dzakaoma, dzine shuga. Xerophilic molds dzimwe nguva inogona kuwanikwa pane chokoreti, michero yakaomeswa uye zvinhu zvakabikwa (,,).

Utachiona Hunogonawo Kushatisa Chikafu

Haisi kungoumba chete kunogona kurarama uye mune kudya kwako. Mabhakitiriya asingaoneki anogona kukura pamwe chete nawo.

Hutachiona hunogona kukonzeresa zvirwere zvekudya, nezviratidzo zvinosanganisira kusvotwa, manyoka uye kurutsa. Kuomarara kwezvirwere izvi kunoenderana nerudzi rwehutachiona, huwandu hwakanwiwa uye hutano hwemunhu (1, 6).

Pfupiso:Mould inogona kukura pazvikafu zvakawanda. Chikafu chinonyanya kuve nekukura kweforoma chinowanzove chitsva chine huwandu hwemvura yakawanda. Izvi zvinosanganisira michero, miriwo, chingwa uye chizi. Mazhinji mafuru anoda hunyoro, asi mamwe anogona kukura mune zvekudya izvo zvakaoma uye zvine shuga.

Chii Chaunofanira Kuita Kana Iwe Ukawana Mould MuKudya Kwako

Kazhinji, kana iwe ukawana muforoma mune chinyoro chikafu, unofanirwa kuchirasa.

Chikafu chakapfava chine hunyoro hwakanyanya, saka chakuvhuvhu chinogona kukura zviri nyore pasi pechiso chayo, izvo zvingave zvakaoma kuona. Hutachiona hunogona zvakare kukura pamwe chete nahwo.

Zviri nyore kubvisa muforoma pazvikafu zvakaoma, senge yakaoma chizi. Ingocheka chikamu chakaumbwa kubva. Kazhinji, chikafu chakaomarara kana chakakora hachipindike nyore nyore neforoma.

Nekudaro, kana chikafu chikafukidzwa zvachose neforoma unofanira kuchirasa. Zvakare, kana iwe ukawana chakuvhuvhu, usachifeme, nekuti izvi zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko ekufema.

Zvekudya Unogona Kusunungura

Izvi zvinhu zvekudya zvinogona kushandiswa kana fomu yakagurwa (1):

• Michero yakasimba nemiriwo: Zvakadai semaapuro, bhero mhiripiri uye makarotsi
• Yakaoma chizi: Zvese panoumbwa isiri chikamu chekugadzirisa, seParmesan, uye uko chakuumba chiri chikamu chekugadzirisa, saGorgonzola
• Yakaoma salami uye yakaoma-yakaporeswa nyika hams

Paunenge uchibvisa furu kubva muchikafu, cheka inosvika 1 inch (2.5 cm) kutenderedza uye pazasi peforoma. Zvakare, chenjera kuti usabata chiganda nebanga.

Zvekudya zvaunofanira kurasa

Kana iwe ukawana muforoma pazvinhu izvi, urase (1):

• Michero nyoro nemiriwo: Zvakadai semastrawberry, magaka nematomatisi.
• Chizi chinyoro: Kufanana nekamba uye kirimu chizi, pamwe neyakagurwa, yakapwanyika uye yakachekwa chizi. Izvi zvinosanganisirawo chizi inogadzirwa neforoma asi yakapindirwa neimwe fosi yanga isiri chikamu chegadziriro.
• Chingwa uye zvakabikwa zvinhu: Muforoma inogona kumera zviri nyore pasi pepasi.
• Chikafu chakabikwa: Inosanganisira casseroles, nyama, pasta uye zviyo.
• Jam uye jellies: Kana zvigadzirwa izvi zvakaumbwa, zvinogona kunge zvine mycotoxin.
• Peanut butter, nyemba uye nzungu: Zvigadzirwa zvakagadziriswa pasina zvinodzivirira zviri panjodzi yakakura yekukura kweforoma.
• Dhirosa nyama, bhekoni, imbwa dzinopisa
• Yogati uye yakasviba kirimu

Pfupiso:Chikafu chisina kunyorova chine hunyoro hwakanyanya zvinowanzoitika kuti chichiumbwa. Unogona kucheka muforoma kubva kune yakaoma kana yakasimba chikafu.

Mufuru Unoshandiswa Kugadzira Zvimwe Zvikafu

Mould haigare isingadiwe muchikafu.

Penicillium genus of molds inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemarudzi mazhinji echizi, kusanganisira bhuruu bhuruu, Gorgonzola, brie uye Camembert (,).

Mhando dzinoshandiswa kugadzira chezi idzi dzakachengeteka kudya nekuti haigone kuburitsa mycotoxins anokuvadza. Mamiriro ezvinhu avanogara mukati mechizi haana kukodzera kugadzirwa kwe mycotoxins (,).

Mamwe mafuru akachengeteka ndeye koji molds, kusanganisira Aspergillus oryzae, ayo anoshandiswa kuvirisa soya kuita soya muto. Iyo inoshandiswawo kugadzira vhiniga, pamwe nezvinwiwa zvakaviriswa, kusanganisira chinwiwa cheJapan ().

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti kunyangwe hazvo mamwe maforoma achiwedzerwa kune zvimwe zvekudya panguva yekugadzirwa kuti uwane zvimwe zvinokonzeresa, zvimwe chete zviumbwa zvinogona kukanganisa zvimwe zvigadzirwa.

Semuyenzaniso, Penicillium roqueforti inoshandiswa kugadzira bhuruu bhuruu, asi inokonzeresa kuora kana ikamera mune nyowani kana grated chizi ().

Pfupiso: Makambani ezvekudya anoshandisa mamwe maumbwe kugadzira chizi, soy muto, vhiniga uye zvinwiwa zvakaviriswa. Aya mafuru akachengeteka kudya, chero bedzi achidyiwa sechikamu chezvikafu zvaaive akagadzirirwa uye asingasvibise zvimwe zvekudya.

Muforoma Inogona Kugadzira Mycotoxins

Mould inogona kuburitsa makemikari ane chepfu anonzi mycotoxin. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera chirwere uye kunyangwe rufu, zvinoenderana nemari yakadyiwa, kureba kwekuratidzwa uye zera uye hutano hwemunhu ().

Huturu hwakaipisisa hunosanganisira zviratidzo zvemudumbu sekurutsa uye manyoka, pamwe nechirwere cheropa chakanyanya. Yenguva refu-yakaderera masosi e mycotoxin anogona kudzvinyirira immune immune uye anogona kutokonzeresa cancer (,).

Kunze kwekufumurwa kuburikidza nekumwiwa kwechikafu chakashatiswa, vanhu vanogona zvakare kuburitswa kuburikidza nekufema kana kusangana kweganda ne mycotoxins munharaunda ().

Kunyangwe kukura kweforoma kunowanzo kuve pachena, mycotoxins pachawo haaonekwe nemaziso emunhu (14).

Imwe yeakajairika, ane chepfu uye anonyanya kufundwa mycotoxins aflatoxin. Iyo inozivikanwa carcinogen uye inogona kukonzeresa kufa kana ikadyiwa muhuwandu hwakawanda. Aflatoxin kusvibiswa kunowanzoitika munzvimbo dzinodziya uye kazhinji kunosanganisirwa nekusanaya kwemvura ().

Aflatoxin, pamwe nemamwe akawanda ma mycotoxin, anodziya kwazvo, saka anogona kurarama mukugadzirisa chikafu. Naizvozvo, inogona kunge iripo mune chikafu chakagadziriswa, senge nzungu ruomba ().

Pfupiso:Mould inogona kuburitsa mycotoxin inokwanisa kukonzera chirwere nekufa. Aflatoxin, inozivikanwa carcinogen, ndiyo inonyanya kutyisa inozivikanwa mycotoxin.

Mycotoxins Angave Aripo Mune Zvakawanda Zvikafu

Mycotoxins inogona kuwanikwa mune chikafu nekuda kwezvirimwa zvakasvibiswa.

Muchokwadi, kusvibiswa kwe mycotoxin idambudziko rakajairika mumaindasitiri ezvekurima, sezvo mycotoxins inogadzirwa neforoma mune zvakasikwa. Kusvika pa25% yezvirimwa zvepasi zvepasi zvinogona kusvibiswa ne mycotoxins ().

Mhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa dzinogona kusvibiswa, kusanganisira chibage, oats, mupunga, nzungu, zvinonhuwira, michero nemiriwo.

Zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinokanganisa kuumbwa kwe mycotoxins. Semuenzaniso, kusanaya kwemvura kunonetesa zvirimwa, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kukuvara uye infestation (,).

Zvigadzirwa zvemhuka, senyama, mukaka nemazai, zvinogona zvakare kuve ne mycotoxins kana mhuka dzikadya chikafu chine hutachiona. Chikafu chinogona zvakare kusvibiswa ne mycotoxins panguva yekuchengetera kana nzvimbo yekuchengetera ichidziya uye ine hunyoro (,).

Mumushumo kubva kuEuropean Food Safety Authority (EFSA), makumi maviri neshanu ezviuru makumi mana ezvienzaniso zvezvinhu zvakasiyana zvekudya zvine mycotoxin. Nekudaro, iyo nhamba yemasampuli akapfuura iyo yakachengeteka yepamusoro muganho yaive yakaderera kwazvo kune zvakawanda zvinhu (16).

Iwo epamusoro soro akawanikwa mumapistachios uye nzungu dzeBrazil.

Kupfuura 21% yenzungu dzeBrazil uye 19% yemapistachios akaedzwa akapfuura yakanyanya kuchengetedzeka muganho uye yaisazopinda mumusika. Mukuenzanisa, hapana checheche chikafu uye chete 0.6% yechibage chakapfuura muganho wekuchengetedza (16).

Sezvo mycotoxin kuumbwa isingakwanise kudzivirirwa zvachose, indasitiri yezvikafu yakaisa nzira dzekuiongorora. Iwo mazinga e mycotoxins muzvikafu akanyatsogadziriswa mune angangoita nyika zana (,,).

Ipo iwe uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchida Kana iwe uri munhu ane hutano, vangangodaro vasingakukuvadze iwe. Nehurombo, hazvigoneke kudzivirira kuratidzwa zvachose.

Uye kunyangwe hazvo muforoma unogona kuburitsa izvi zvinokuvadza, kazhinji hazviitike kudzamara hosha yasvika pakukora uye mamiriro acho ari iwo chaiwo - ndiko kuti, kana chikafu chaora. Saka nenguva iyo chikafu chako chiine huturu uhu, pamwe watozvirasa kare (18).

Pfupiso:Ma mold anowanzovapo mune zvakasikwa uye anogona kuwanikwa mune dzinoverengeka chikafu. Matanho e mycotoxin muzvikafu akanyatsogadziriswa. Mould inogadzira muchetura kana uchinge wasvika pakukura, asi izvi zvinowanzoitika mushure mekunge warasa kunze.

Mould Inogona Kukonzera Allergic Reaction

Vamwe vanhu vane mweya wekufema kuumbwa, uye kudya chikafu chakaumbwa kunogona kukonzera kuti vanhu ava vagadziriswe.

Hapana kutsvagurudza kwakawanda kuripo pamusoro penyaya iyi, asi pakave paine dzinoverengeka dzenyaya dzenyaya.

Mune mashoma mashoma ezviitiko, vanhu vari allergic kune chakuvhuvhu vakashuma allergic zviratidzo mushure mekunge vadya Quorn. Quorn chigadzirwa chekudya chakagadzirwa kubva kumycoprotein, kana mapuroteni efungal, ayo anobva muforoma Fusarium venenatum (, , , ).

Kunyangwe zviitiko izvi, hapana chikonzero chevanhu vane hutano kudzivirira Quorn.

Mune imwewo nyaya yekudzidza, murwere ainyanya kutarisisa kuumbwa akawana chirwere chakakomba mushure mekumwa nyuchi mukume yekuwedzera iyo yakasvibiswa neforoma. Alternaria uye Cladosporium ().

Mune imwewo kesi, wechidiki anorejerwa neforoma akafa mushure mekudya musanganiswa wepancake uyo wakashatiswa zvakanyanya neforoma ().

Vanhu vasinganzwisisike kana kusagadzikana neforoma vangangodaro vasina kukanganisika kana vakangoerekana vadya imwe diki yacho.

Imwe ongororo yakawana kuti vanhu vaisanzwisisa kuumbwa vakasangana nezviratidzo zvishoma pane avo vaive nehanya neforoma mushure mekumedza yakavhenganiswa gadzira dhizaini. Nekudaro, hazvisi zvidzidzo zvakawanda zviripo panhau iyi, saka kumwe kutsvagurudza kunodiwa ().

Pfupiso:Vanhu vane mweya wekufemera kuumbwa vanogona kusangana neyakagomara mushure mekumedza muforoma. Kumwe kutsvagisa pamusoro penyaya iyi kunodiwa.

Unogona Sei Kudzivirira Chikafu Kubva Mukukura Mould?

Kune nzira dzinoverengeka dzekudzivirira chikafu kubva mukuipa nekuda kwekukura kweforoma.

Kuchengeta nzvimbo dzako dzekuchengetera chikafu kwakachena kwakakosha, sezvo zvipuka kubva muchikafu chakaumbwa zvinogona kuvaka mufiriji kana dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuchengetera. Kubata kwakakodzera kunokosha zvakare.

Heano mamwe matipi ekudzivirira kukura kwevhu muchikafu (1):

• Chenesa firiji yako nguva dzose: Pukuta mukati mukati memwedzi mishoma.
• Ramba uchigeza zvinhu zvakachena. Izvi zvinosanganisira machira endiro, zvipanji nezvimwe zvekuchenesa.
• Usarega zvibereko zvako zvichiora: Chikafu chitsva chine shoma shefu hupenyu. Tenga shoma shoma panguva uye worishandisa mukati memazuva mashoma.
• Chengetedza chikafu chisingafe chinotonhorera: Chengetedza chikafu chine mashoma masherufu hupenyu, senge miriwo, mufiriji, uye usazvisiye kunze kweanopfuura maawa maviri.
• Midziyo yekuchengetera inofanirwa kuve yakachena uye yakasimbiswa zvakanaka: Shandisa midziyo yakachena kana uchichengeta chikafu nekuchivhara kuitira kudzivirira kusangana neforoma spores mudenga.
• Shandisa chikafu chinosara nekukurumidza: Idya zvasara mukati memazuva matatu kana mana.
• Kusunungura kwekuchengetedza kwenguva refu: Kana iwe usina kuronga kudya chikafu munguva pfupi, chiise mufiriji.

Pfupiso:Hutsanana hwakakosha kudzivirira kukura kweforoma. Ita shuwa kuti unochengeta zvekudya zvako zvinoparara mufiriji uye wozvibata nemazvo.

Icho Chinokosha

Mould inowanikwa kwese kwese mune zvakasikwa. Kana ikatanga kukura pachikafu, inoita kuti iore.

Mould inogona kuburitsa mycotoxin inokuvadza mumhando dzese dzechikafu, asi mycotoxin mazinga akaomeswa kwazvo. Kujekesa kune zvidiki zvishoma hazvingakonzere chero kukuvara muvanhu vane hutano.

Zvakare, mycotoxin inoumba chete kana chakuvhuvhu chasvika pakukura. Panguva iyoyo, pamwe wakanda chikafu kure.

Izvo zvakati, iwe unofanirwa kudzivirira chikafu chisina kuumbwa zvakanyanya sezvazvinogona, kunyanya kana iwe uine mweya wekufema weforoma.

Zvakangodaro, kuuraya netsaona kungave kusingazokuvadza.