4 Njodzi Dzakavanzika Dzenguruve

Zvemukati

• 1. Hepatitis E
• 2. Multiple Sclerosis
• 3. Chiropa Cancer uye Cirrhosis
• 4. Yersinia
• Mukupedzisa
• 4. Yersinia
• Mukupedzisa

Pakati pezvikafu zvinokurudzira chinamato-senge chinotevera, nyama yenguruve inowanzo tungamira iyo pack, sezvakaratidzwa ne65% yevaAmerican vanoshuvira kutumidza bhekoni chikafu chenyika yenyika.

Nehurombo, iyo mukurumbira inouya nemubhadharo. Pamwe nekuve nyama inowanzo kudyiwa pasirese, nyama yenguruve inogona kunge iri imwe yenjodzi, kutakura dzimwe njodzi dzakakosha uye dzisingataurwe nezvadzo idzo chero mutengi anofanira kuziva (1).

1. Hepatitis E

Kutenda kumutsidziro yemhino-kune-muswe kudya, offal yakazvinunura pachayo pakati pevanofarira hutano, kunyanya chiropa, icho chinokosheswa nekuda kweiri vhitamini A yezviri uye yakakura mineral lineup.

Asi kana zvasvika kune nyama yenguruve, chiropa chinogona kunge riine bhizinesi rine njodzi.

Mune nyika dzakasimukira, nyama yenguruve chiropa ndiyo yepamusoro yekudya-based transmitter ye hepatitis E, hutachiona hunobata vanhu vane mamirioni makumi maviri gore rega uye hunogona kutungamira kurwara kwakanyanya (fivhiri, kuneta, jaundice, kurutsa, kurwadziwa pamwe chete uye kurwadziwa nemudumbu), chiropa chakawedzerwa uye dzimwe nguva kutadza kwechiropa uye kufa (,).

Kazhinji hepatitis E kesi hadzina chiratidzo chekubata, asi vakadzi vane nhumbu vanogona kusangana nemhirizhonga kuhutachiona, kusanganisira zvizere hepatitis (kukurumidza-kutanga chiropa kutadza) uye njodzi huru yekufa kwevabereki uye kwevecheche (). Muchokwadi, vanaamai vanotapukirwa mukati memwedzi yavo yetatu vanosangana nezinga rerufu rinosvika pa25% ().

Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitika, hutachiona hwehepatitis E hunogona kutungamira ku myocarditis (chirwere chemoyo chinokonzeresa), pancreatitis yakaoma (inorwadza kuzvimba kwepascreas), matambudziko etsinga (kusanganisira Guillain-Barré syndrome uye neuralgic amyotrophy), kusagadzikana kweropa uye musculoskeletal matambudziko, akadai seakakwira creatine phosphokinase, inoratidza kukuvara kwemhasuru, uye kurwadziwa kwakawanda-kwemajoini (muchimiro che polyarthralgia) (6,,).

Vanhu vane hutachiona hwemuviri hwakakanganiswa, kusanganisira vanogadziridza vanogashira mushonga wekuzvidzivirira uye vanhu vane hutachiwana hweHIV, vanokwanisa kutambura kubva kuzvirwere zvakakomba zvehepatitis E ().

Saka, zvinotyisa zvakadii kusvibiswa kwenguruve stats? MuAmerica, dzinenge chiuru pagumi chega dzegura-dzakatengwa dzinovheneka nguruve dzinoongorora hutachiona hweH hepatitis E, iyo yakati rebei kupfuura mwero 1 mu15 muNetherlands uye 1 mu20 mwero muCzech Republic (,). Imwe ongororo kuGerman yakawana kuti ingangoita 1 mu5 yenguruve masoseji akasvibiswa ().

Chinyakare cheFrance figatellu, yenguruve chiropa soseji iyo inowanzo kudyiwa mbishi, ndeye yakasimbiswa hepatitis E inotakura (). Muchokwadi, mumatunhu eFrance uko mbishi mbishi kana isingawanzoitika chinhu chinowanzoitika, vanopfuura hafu yevagari vemuno vanoratidza humbowo hwehutachiona hwehepatitis E ().

Japan, zvakare, iri kusangana nekukwira kwehepatitis E kunetsekana senguruve ichiwana mukurumbira (). Uye kuUK? Hepatitis E inoratidzira mumaguru enguruve, mune yenguruve chiropa uye kunzvimbo dzekuuraya nguruve, zvichiratidza mukana wekupararira pakati pevatengi venguruve ().

Kungave kuri kuyedza kupa mhosva hosha yehepatitis E pamaitiro ekurima zvekutengesa, asi kana iri nguruve, mhuka haireve kuchengetedzeka. Huru dzinovhima, zvakare, dzinowanzo kuve hepatitis E vatakuri, vanokwanisa kupfuudza hutachiona kuvanhu vanodya mutambo (,).

Kunze kwekuzadza nyama yenguruve zvachose, nzira yakanakisa yekuparadza hepatitis E njodzi iri mukicheni. Hutachiona hwakaoma musoro uhwu hunogona kurarama tembiricha yenyama isingaite-yakabikwa, ichiita kupisa kwakanyanya chombo chakanakisa pakurwisa hutachiona (). Zvekusavhiringidza hutachiona, kubika nyama yenguruve zvigadzirwa kwemaminitsi makumi maviri kusvika tembiricha yemukati ye71 ° C (160 ° F) inoita kunge inonyengera (20).

Nekudaro, mafuta anogona kudzivirira hutachiona hwehepatitis kubva pakupisa kwekupisa, saka mafuta akachekwa enguruve angangoda imwe nguva kana tembiricha yetastier ().

Zvigadzirwa zvenguruve, kunyanya chiropa, zvinowanzo kutakura hepatitis E, iyo inogona kukonzeresa kuomarara uye kunyangwe kufa muvanhu vanotambura. Kubika kwakakwana kunodiwa kudzikamisa hutachiona.

2. Multiple Sclerosis

Imwe yenjodzi dzinoshamisa dzinosanganisirwa nenguruve - iyo inogamuchirwa inoshamisa zvishoma airtime - ndiyo multiple sclerosis (MS), inoparadza autoimmune mamiriro inosanganisira epakati tsinga system.

Iyo yakasimba kubatana pakati penguruve neMS yave ichizivikanwa kanokwana kubvira ma1980s, apo vaongorori vakaongorora hukama huripo pakati per capita nyama yenguruve yekudyiwa uye MS kune dzakawanda nyika ().

Kunyange nyika dzenguruve-dzinopesana nenyika dzakaita seIsrael neIndia dzakapotsa dzaponeswa kubva mukubata kweMS kunodzikira, vatengi vakasununguka, seWest Germany neDenmark, vakatarisana nedenga-rakakwira mitengo.

Muchokwadi, apo nyika dzese dzaiongororwa, nyama yenguruve inodya uye MS yakaratidza kuwiriraniswa kwe0.87 (p <0.001), iri rakakwirira zvakanyanya uye rakakosha kupfuura hukama pakati peMS nekudya kwemafuta (0.63, p <0.01), MS uye yakazara nyama yekudya (0.61, p <0.01) uye MS uye yekudyiwa kwemombe (hapana hukama hwakakosha).

Nezve maonero, kudzidza kwakafanana kwechirwere cheshuga uye wega capita shuga kunwa kwakawana kuwirirana kwepasi pasi pe0.60 (p <0.001) kana uchiongorora nyika 165 (23).

Sezvo nezvose zvakawanikwa kubva kuhutachiona, kuwirirana pakati penguruve kushandiswa uye MS hakugone kuratidza izvozvo zvinokonzera imwe (kana kunyangwe iyo, mukati menyika dzakarwadziswa neMS, vatengi venguruve vanonyanya kufarira ndivo vairwara zvakanyanya). Asi sezvazvinoitika, humbowo hwevhavha hunodzika zvakadzama.

Pakutanga, ongororo yevagari vemuOrkney neShetland Islands yeScotland, dunhu rakazara nezvinonaka zvisingawanzo, kusanganisira mazai egungwa, mukaka mbishi uye nyama isina kubikwa, yakawana kushamwaridzana kwekudya chete neMS - kudyiwa kwe "musoro wakagadzirwa," dhishi rakagadzirwa kubva kuhuropi hwenguruve yakabikwa ().

Pakati pevagari veShetland, chikamu chakanyanya kukwirisa chevarwere veMS vaive vadya musoro une potted muhudiki hwavo, zvichienzaniswa noutano, zera uye zvinoenderana pabonde (25).

Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha nekuti - pane kumwe kutsvagurudza - MS inorova mukukura inogona kubva mukufumurwa kwezvakatipoteredza panguva yekuyaruka (26).

Iko kugona kwehuropi hwenguruve kunokonzeresa-zvine chekuita ne autoimmunity haisi yekungotarisa hunch, chero. Pakati pa2007 na2009, sumbu revashandi makumi maviri neviri vekudyara yenguruve zvisinganzwisisike vakarwara inofambira mberi inoputika neuropathy, Iyo inoratidzwa neMS-senge zviratidzo sekuneta, chiveve, kurira uye kurwadziwa (,).

Kwakabva kupi kubuda kwacho? Izvo zvinodaidzwa kuti "huropi hwehuropi hutsi" - zvidimbu zvidiki zvehuropi zvinyama zvakaputirwa mumhepo panguva yechitunha kugadzira ().

Vashandi pavakafemesa tunyama utwu, immune system yavo, maererano neprotocol yakajairika, yakagadzira masoja ekudzivirira antigen yekunze porcine.

Asi iwo maantigen akaitika akatakura akafanana mashura kune mamwe neural mapuroteni muvanhu. Uye mhedzisiro yaive njodzi yekuzvarwa: yakavhiringika nezvekuti ndiani acharwa, masoja evashandi akatanga kurwisa kwepfuti pamatumbu avo,,).

Kunyangwe iyo autoimmunity inokonzeresa yakanga isina kufanana neyakawandisa sclerosis, iyo nzira imwechete yekutevedzera mamorekuru, uko maantigen ekune dzimwe nyika uye maanti-antijeni akafanana zvakakwana kuti akonzere autoimmune mhinduro, yakave yakabatanidzwa muhutachiona hweMS (,).

Ehe, kusiyana nemhute yeuropi hutsi, imbwa dzinopisa uye ham hazvisi sezvazviri inhaled (vakomana vechidiki zvisinei). Nguruve ingagone kuendesa zvinhu zvine dambudziko kuburikidza nekumedza? Mhinduro ndeyekufungidzira hongu. Kune imwe, mamwe mabhakitiriya, kunyanya Acinetobacter, vanobatanidzwa mukutevedzera mamorekuru ne myelin, iyo nerve-sheathing chinhu chinokuvara muMS (34,).

Kunyangwe iro basa renguruve se Acinetobacter vatakuri havasati vanyatsodzidza, mabhakitiriya akawanikwa mutsvina yenguruve, mumapurazi enguruve uye mubhekoni, nyama yenguruve salami uye ham, kwainoshanda sechinhu chinoparadza (,, 38, 39). Kana nyama yenguruve ichiita semotokari ye Acinetobacter kutapurirana (kana neimwe nzira kunowedzera njodzi yehutachiona hwevanhu), chinongedzo neMS chingaite zvine musoro.

Piri, nguruve dzinogona kunge dzakanyarara uye dzisingadzidze-vatakuri ve prions, mapuroteni akamisikidzwa anotyaira kusagadzikana kweurourogenerative senge chirwere cheCreutzfeldt-Jakob (iyo vhezheni yemunhu inopenga) uye Kuru (inowanikwa pakati penharaunda dzinodya vanhu) ().

Vamwe vaongorori vanoti MS pachayo inogona kunge iri chirwere cheprion, icho chinotarisa oligodendrocyte, maseru anogadzira myelin (). Uye sezvo ma prion - uye avo anosangana nezvirwere- anotapuriranwa nekudya hutachiona hutachiona hutachiona, zvinokwanisika kuti prion-inochengetera zvigadzirwa zvenguruve inogona kunge iri batanidzo muMS cheni ().

Basa rinokonzeresa renguruve muSMS iri kure neyakavharwa kesi, asi zvisingawanzo simba epidemiological pateni, kugona kwehupenyu uye zviitiko zvakanyorwa zvinoita kuti kumwe kutsvagurudza kuve kwakakosha.

3. Chiropa Cancer uye Cirrhosis

Zvinetso zvechiropa zvinowanzo tarisa pazvitsitsinho zvezvimwe zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvine njodzi, zvinoti hutachiona hwe hepatitis B uye C, kuratidzwa neaflatoxin (carcinogen inogadzirwa neforoma) uye kunwisa doro (43, 44, 45).

Asi yakavigwa mumabhuku esainzi ndeimwe ingangoitika denda rehutano hwechiropa - nyama yenguruve.

Kwemakumi emakore, nyama yenguruve kunwa yakatendeka kenza yechiropa kenza uye cirrhosis mitengo kutenderera pasirese. Mukuongorora kwakawanda-nyika, kuwirirana pakati penguruve uye cirrhosis kufa kwakavharwa pa0.40 (p <0.05) ichishandisa data ra1965, 0.89 (p <0.01) uchishandisa yepakati-1970 data, 0.68 (p = 0.003) uchishandisa 1996 data uye 0.83 ( p = 0.000) uchishandisa 2003 data (,).

Mune kumwe kuongorora kumwe chete, pakati pemapurovhinzi gumi eCanada, nyama yenguruve yakatakura kuenderana kwe0.60 (p <0.01) nerufu kubva kuchiropa cirrhosis, nepo doro, pamwe nekuda kwekutora kwakaderera, risingaratidze hukama hwakakosha.

Uye muzviverengero zvemhando dzinosanganisira njodzi dzinozivikanwa dzechiropa (kunwa doro, hepatitis B hutachiona uye hutachiona hweH hepatitis C), nyama yenguruve yakaramba yakazvimiririra ichibatana nechirwere chechiropa, zvichiratidza kuti musangano uyu hausi wekungovhara yenguruve yenguruve, sezvingave zviri, chakasiyana causative mumiririri ().

Nzombe, nekusiyana, yakaramba iri chiropa-isina kwazvakarerekera kana kudzivirira mune izvi zvidzidzo.

Imwe yeakanyanya kudya masosi enitrosamines inogadzirwa nyama yenguruve, iyo, pamwe nekugara uchishanya kugango rekutsvaira, kazhinji riine nitrites uye nitrate seanorapa vamiririri. (Muriwo zvakare wakapfuma mune zvakasikwa zvichiitika nitrate, asi yavo antioxidant zvemukati uye kushomeka kweproteiniti kunokanganisa maitiro e N-nitrosation, kuvadzivirira kubva pakuva cancer-inokonzera vamiririri ().

Matanho akakosha enitrosamines akawanikwa mune yenguruve chiropa pâté, bacon, sausage, ham uye dzimwe nyama dzakaporeswa (63,,). Chikamu chakakora chezvigadzirwa zvenguruve, kunyanya, zvinowanzo kuunganidza mazinga epamusoro epamusoro enitrosamines kupfuura mabhureki akaonda, zvichiita kuti bhekoni rive rakazara sosi ().

Iko kuvapo kwemafuta kunogona zvakare kushandura vhitamini C kuita nitrosamine inosimudzira panzvimbo peiyo nitrosamine inhibitor, saka kubatanidza nyama yenguruve nemavheji zvingasapa dziviriro yakawanda ().

Kunyangwe yakawanda yenitrosamine-chiropa kenza yekutsvagisa yakanangana nemakonzo, uko mamwe nitrosamines anogadzira kukuvara kwechiropa nekureruka kunoshamisa, mhedzisiro inoonekwa muvanhu zvakare (,). Muchokwadi, vamwe vaongorori vanoratidza kuti vanhu vanogona kunge vachinyanya kutarisisa nitrosamines kupfuura mbeva nemakonzo ().

MuThailand, semuenzaniso, nitrosamines dzakabatanidzwa zvakanyanya nekenza yechiropa munzvimbo dzine zvimwe zvinhu zvine njodzi zvakaderera (71). Ongororo ya2010 yeboka reNIH-AARP rakawana nyama tsvuku (kusanganisira nyama yenguruve), nyama yakagadziriswa (kusanganisira nyama yenguruve), nitrate uye nitrites kuti ive nechokuita nechirwere chisingaperi chechiropa. Vashandi vemaRabha, vakagara pachena kune nitrosamines, vakatarisana nemitengo yakakwira zvakanyanya yechirwere chechiropa chisina chekuita nedoro nekenza ().

Ko nitrosamines inoratidza ketani yekukonzera pakati penguruve, zvinokuvadza chiropa uye chiropa chirwere? Humbowo parizvino hwakanyanya kuita mutsindo kuita chirevo ichocho, asi njodzi yacho inokwana kururamisa kudzikisira nitrosamine-ine (kana nitrosamine-inogadzira) zvigadzirwa zvenguruve, zvinosanganisira bhekoni, ham, imbwa dzinopisa uye masoseji akagadzirwa nesodium nitrite kana potassium nitrate.

Kwakasimba epidemiological zvinongedzo zviripo pakati penguruve yekushandisa uye chirwere chechiropa. Kana izvi zvinongedzo zvichiratidza chikonzero uye mhedzisiro, imwe mhosva inogona kunge iri N-nitroso makomputa, ayo anowanikwa akawanda mune zvakagadziriswa nyama yenguruve zvigadzirwa zvakabikwa pamatembiricha akanyanya.

4. Yersinia

Kwemakore, chirevo chekuchengetedza inguruve chaive "chakagadzirwa zvakanaka kana kuputika," mhedzisiro yekutya nezve trichinosis, rudzi rwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwakaparadza vatengi venguruve mukati memazana makumi maviri^th zana (73).

Nekuda kweshanduko mune zvekudyisa maitiro, hutsanana hwepapurazi uye kutonga kwehunhu, trichinosis inotakurwa nenguruve yadonha kubva radar, ichikoka pink yenguruve kudzokera kumenu.

Asi yenguruve yakasununguka kupisa mitemo inogona kunge yakavhura mikova yerumwe rudzi rwehutachiona - yersiniosis, iyo inokonzerwa ne Yersinia mabhakitiriya. MuUS chete, Yersinia inokonzeresa kufa kwevanhu makumi matatu neshanu uye vangangoita zviuru zana nemazana manomwe nezviuru zvezviuru zvekudya chepfu gore rega (). Iyo huru yekupinda nzira yevanhu? Yakabikwa nyama yenguruve.

Zviratidzo zveYersiniosis zvakakomba zvakakwana - fivhiri, kurwadziwa, manyoka ane ropa - asi mhedzisiro yaro yenguva refu ndiyo inofanirwa kunyatsoridza mabhero ealam. Vakatambudzwa Yersinia chepfu kumeso kumwe nekanokwana makumi mana nemana njodzi yakakwira yeanoshanda arthritis, rudzi rwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwakakonzerwa nehutachiona (75).

Kunyangwe vana vanova post-Yersinia arthritis zvinangwa, dzimwe nguva zvinoda kemikari synovectomy (jekiseni reosmic acid muchibatanidzwa chakanetseka) kubvisa marwadzo anoramba aripo (76, 77).

Uye mune zvisingawanzoitika zviitiko apo Yersinia hazviunze zvakajairika feverish, manyoka zvisingafadzi? Reactive arthritis inogona kukura kunyangwe hazvo hutachiona hwepakutanga hwaive husina chiratidzo, zvichisiya vamwe vakaurayiwa vasingazive kuti yavo arthritis inokonzerwa nechirwere chinotakurwa nechikafu (78).

Kunyange hazvo chirwere cheArthritis chichiwanzo dzikira choga pamusoro penguva, Yersinia vakaurayiwa vanoramba vari panjodzi yepamusoro yezvinetso zvisingaperi zvekubatana, kusanganisira ankylosing spondylitis, sacroiliitis, tenosynovitis uye rheumatoid arthritis, kwemakore ekupedzisira (, 80, 81).

Humwe humbowo hunoratidza kuti Yersinia zvinogona kutungamira kumatambudziko etsinga (82). Vakatapukirwa nevanhu vane iron yakawandisa vanogona kunge vari panjodzi yakanyanya yezvironda zvakawanda zvechiropa, zvinogona kutungamira kurufu (,,). Uye pakati pevanhu vanobatwa nemajini, anterior uveitis, kuzvimba kwerisisi reziso, zvinowanzoita zvichitevera bout ye Yersinia (, ).

Chekupedzisira, kuburikidza nema molecular mimicry, Yersinia hutachiona hunogona zvakare kukwidza njodzi yechirwere cheGraves, chirwere chemuviri chinoratidzwa nekuwandisa kwehormone kugadzirwa kwehomoni (,).

Mhinduro yacho? Uyai nemoto. Ruzhinji rwezvigadzirwa zvenguruve (69% yemasampuli akaedzwa, maererano neConsumer Reports ongororo) yakasvibiswa ne Yersinia mabhakitiriya, uye nzira chete yekuchengetedza hutachiona kuburikidza nekubika kwakakodzera. Iko kupisa kwemukati kweinenge 145 ° F yeiyo yakazara nyama yenguruve uye 160 ° F yepasi nyama yenguruve inofanirwa kuteedzera chero inosara pathogen.

Nguruve isina kubikwa inogona kuendesa Yersinia mabhakitiriya, achikonzera kurwara kwenguva pfupi uye kusimudza njodzi yeanoshanda eArthritis, isingagumi majoini mamiriro, chirwere cheGraves 'uye zvimwe zvinonetsa.

Mukupedzisa

Saka, hutano-savvy omnivores inotsvaira nyama yenguruve kubva kumenyu?

Dare redzimhosva richiri kunze. Kune maviri ematambudziko enguruve - hepatitis E uye Yersinia - yekubika zvine hukasha uye kubata kwakachengeteka zvakakwana kudzikisa njodzi. Uye nekuda kwekushomeka kwekudzora, yenguruve-centric yekutsvagisa inokwanisa kumisikidza causation, nyama yenguruve yemimwe mireza tsvuku inotangira kubva kuepidemiology - munda wakazara nevanovhiringidzika uye chivimbo chisina kukodzera.

Zvakaipisisa, mazhinji ekudya-uye-chirwere anoongorora bundu renguruve pamwe nemamwe marudzi enyama tsvuku, kusanganisa chero hukama hunogona kuvapo nenguruve yega.

Idzi nyaya dzinoita kuti zviome kupatsanura hutano mhedzisiro yezvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa nenguruve uye kuona kuchengetedzwa kwekushandisa kwavo.

Izvo zviri kutaurwa, chenjedzo ingangove yakakodzera. Ukuru hwakazara, kusachinja-chinja uye mashandiro ehunyanzvi hwehukama hwenguruve nezvirwere zvakakomba zvinoverengeka zvinoita kuti mikana yenjodzi yechokwadi inyanye.

Kusvikira kumwe kutsvagurudza kuri kuwanika, ungangoda kufunga kaviri nezvekuenda hogi-musango pane nyama yenguruve.

Gomarara rechiropa, zvakare, rinowanzo tevera mumakwara ehwanda enguruve. Ongororo ye1985 yakaratidza kuti nyama yenguruve inodyiwa yakabatana nehepatocellular carcinoma kufa sekusimba kwakaita doro (0.40, p <0.05 kune ese ari maviri) (). (Tichifunga nezvechiropa cirrhosis inowanzo kuve kenza yekenza, kubatana uku hakufanirwe kushamisika (50).)

Saka, chii chiri kumashure kwesangano rinotyisa iri?

Pakutanga kuona, izvo zvingangodaro zvinotsanangurwa hazvibude panze. Kunyangwe nyama yenguruve-inopfuudzwa hepatitis E inogona kutungamira kuchiropa cirrhosis, izvi zvinoitika zvakanyanya muvanhu vasina kudzvinyirirwa, chidimbu chevagari vashoma kwazvo kuti vakwanise kuwirirana kwepasirese ().

Yakabatana neimwe nyama, nyama yenguruve inowanzo kuve yakakwira mu omega-6 fatty acids, inosanganisira linoleic acid uye arachidonic acid, iyo inogona kutora chikamu muchirwere chechiropa (,,). Asi mafuta emiriwo, ayo ane polyunsaturated fatty acid inovhuvhuta nyama yenguruve ichibuda mumvura, usatambe chirwere chechiropa ichocho tango inoitwa nenguruve, ichiita mubvunzo kuti mafuta ane mhosva here (55, 56).

Heterocyclic amines, kirasi yezvipenga zvinoumbwa nekubika nyama (kusanganisira nyama yenguruve) patembiricha yakakwira, zvinopa gomarara rechiropa mumhuka dzakasiyana (). Asi izvi zvinosanganiswa zvakagadzirwa nyore nyore mumombe, maererano neongororo dzakafanana dzakaratidza nyama yenguruve haina hukama hwakanaka nechirwere chechiropa (,).

Nezvese izvo mupfungwa, zvingave nyore kudzinga yenguruve-chiropa chirwere chinongedzo sechirwere chepidemiological. Nekudaro, dzimwe nzira dzinobatika dziripo.

Anogona kukwikwidza anosanganisira nitrosamines, ayo ari carcinogenic macomputer akagadzirwa apo nitrites uye nitrate zvinoshanda nemamwe amini (kubva kuprotein), kunyanya mune yakanyanya kupisa (). Izvi zvinosanganiswa zvakakanganiswa nekukuvara uye gomarara mune dzakasiyana nhengo, kusanganisira chiropa (61).

Imwe yeakanyanya kudya masosi enitrosamines inogadzirwa nyama yenguruve, iyo, pamwe nekugara uchishanya kugango rekutsvaira, kazhinji riine nitrites uye nitrate seanorapa vamiririri. (Muriwo zvakare wakapfuma mune zvakasikwa zvichiitika nitrate, asi yavo antioxidant zvemukati uye kushomeka kweproteiniti kunokanganisa maitiro e N-nitrosation, kuvadzivirira kubva pakuva cancer-inokonzera vamiririri ().

Matanho akakosha enitrosamines akawanikwa mune yenguruve chiropa pâté, bacon, sausage, ham uye dzimwe nyama dzakaporeswa (63,,). Chikamu chakakora chezvigadzirwa zvenguruve, kunyanya, zvinowanzo kuunganidza mazinga epamusoro epamusoro enitrosamines kupfuura mabhureki akaonda, zvichiita kuti bhekoni rive rakazara sosi ().

Iko kuvapo kwemafuta kunogona zvakare kushandura vhitamini C kuita nitrosamine inosimudzira panzvimbo peiyo nitrosamine inhibitor, saka kubatanidza nyama yenguruve nemavheji zvingasapa dziviriro yakawanda ().

Kunyangwe yakawanda yenitrosamine-chiropa kenza yekutsvagisa yakanangana nemakonzo, uko mamwe nitrosamines anogadzira kukuvara kwechiropa nekureruka kunoshamisa, mhedzisiro inoonekwa muvanhu zvakare (,). Muchokwadi, vamwe vaongorori vanoratidza kuti vanhu vanogona kunge vachinyanya kutarisisa nitrosamines kupfuura mbeva nemakonzo ().

MuThailand, semuenzaniso, nitrosamines dzakabatanidzwa zvakanyanya nekenza yechiropa munzvimbo dzine zvimwe zvinhu zvine njodzi zvakaderera (71). Ongororo ya2010 yeboka reNIH-AARP rakawana nyama tsvuku (kusanganisira nyama yenguruve), nyama yakagadziriswa (kusanganisira nyama yenguruve), nitrate uye nitrites kuti ive nechokuita nechirwere chisingaperi chechiropa. Vashandi vemaRabha, vakagara pachena kune nitrosamines, vakatarisana nemitengo yakakwira zvakanyanya yechirwere chechiropa chisina chekuita nedoro nekenza ().

Ko nitrosamines inoratidza ketani yekukonzera pakati penguruve, zvinokuvadza chiropa uye chiropa chirwere? Humbowo parizvino hwakanyanya kuita mutsindo kuita chirevo ichocho, asi njodzi yacho inokwana kururamisa kudzikisira nitrosamine-ine (kana nitrosamine-inogadzira) zvigadzirwa zvenguruve, zvinosanganisira bhekoni, ham, imbwa dzinopisa uye masoseji akagadzirwa nesodium nitrite kana potassium nitrate.

Kwakasimba epidemiological zvinongedzo zviripo pakati penguruve yekushandisa uye chirwere chechiropa. Kana izvi zvinongedzo zvichiratidza chikonzero uye mhedzisiro, imwe mhosva inogona kunge iri N-nitroso makomputa, ayo anowanikwa akawanda mune zvakagadziriswa nyama yenguruve zvigadzirwa zvakabikwa pamatembiricha akanyanya.

4. Yersinia

Kwemakore, chirevo chekuchengetedza inguruve chaive "chakagadzirwa zvakanaka kana kuputika," mhedzisiro yekutya nezve trichinosis, rudzi rwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwakaparadza vatengi venguruve mukati memazana makumi maviri^th zana (73).

Nekuda kweshanduko mune zvekudyisa maitiro, hutsanana hwepapurazi uye kutonga kwehunhu, trichinosis inotakurwa nenguruve yadonha kubva radar, ichikoka pink yenguruve kudzokera kumenu.

Asi yenguruve yakasununguka kupisa mitemo inogona kunge yakavhura mikova yerumwe rudzi rwehutachiona - yersiniosis, iyo inokonzerwa ne Yersinia mabhakitiriya. MuUS chete, Yersinia inokonzeresa kufa kwevanhu makumi matatu neshanu uye vangangoita zviuru zana nemazana manomwe nezviuru zvezviuru zvekudya chepfu gore rega (). Iyo huru yekupinda nzira yevanhu? Yakabikwa nyama yenguruve.

Zviratidzo zveYersiniosis zvakakomba zvakakwana - fivhiri, kurwadziwa, manyoka ane ropa - asi mhedzisiro yaro yenguva refu ndiyo inofanirwa kunyatsoridza mabhero ealam. Vakatambudzwa Yersinia chepfu kumeso kumwe nekanokwana makumi mana nemana njodzi yakakwira yeanoshanda arthritis, rudzi rwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwakakonzerwa nehutachiona (75).

Kunyangwe vana vanova post-Yersinia arthritis zvinangwa, dzimwe nguva zvinoda kemikari synovectomy (jekiseni reosmic acid muchibatanidzwa chakanetseka) kubvisa marwadzo anoramba aripo (76, 77).

Uye mune zvisingawanzoitika zviitiko apo Yersinia hazviunze zvakajairika feverish, manyoka zvisingafadzi? Reactive arthritis inogona kukura kunyangwe hazvo hutachiona hwepakutanga hwaive husina chiratidzo, zvichisiya vamwe vakaurayiwa vasingazive kuti yavo arthritis inokonzerwa nechirwere chinotakurwa nechikafu (78).

Kunyange hazvo chirwere cheArthritis chichiwanzo dzikira choga pamusoro penguva, Yersinia vakaurayiwa vanoramba vari panjodzi huru yezvinetso zvisingaperi zvekubatana, kusanganisira ankylosing spondylitis, sacroiliitis, tenosynovitis uye rheumatoid arthritis, kwemakore ekupedzisira (, 80, 81).

Humwe humbowo hunoratidza kuti Yersinia zvinogona kutungamira kumatambudziko etsinga (82). Vakatapukirwa nevanhu vane iron yakawandisa vanogona kunge vari panjodzi yakanyanya yezvironda zvakawanda zvechiropa, zvinogona kutungamira kurufu (,,). Uye pakati pevanhu vanobatwa nemajini, anterior uveitis, kuzvimba kwerisisi reziso, zvinowanzoita zvichitevera bout ye Yersinia (, ).

Chekupedzisira, kuburikidza nema molecular mimicry, Yersinia hutachiona hunogona zvakare kukwidza njodzi yechirwere cheGraves, chirwere chemuviri chinoratidzwa nekuwandisa kwehormone kugadzirwa kwehomoni (,).

Mhinduro yacho? Uyai nemoto. Ruzhinji rwezvigadzirwa zvenguruve (69% yemasampuli akaedzwa, maererano neConsumer Reports ongororo) yakasvibiswa ne Yersinia mabhakitiriya, uye nzira chete yekuchengetedza hutachiona kuburikidza nekubika kwakakodzera. Iko kupisa kwemukati kweinenge 145 ° F yeiyo yakazara nyama yenguruve uye 160 ° F yepasi nyama yenguruve inofanirwa kuteedzera chero inosara pathogen.

Nguruve isina kubikwa inogona kuendesa Yersinia bhakitiriya, zvichikonzera kurwara kwenguva pfupi uye kusimudza njodzi yeakagwinya arthritis, isingagumi majoini mamiriro, Graves 'chirwere uye zvimwe zvinonetsa.

Mukupedzisa

Saka, hutano-savvy omnivores inotsvaira nyama yenguruve kubva kumenyu?

Dare redzimhosva richiri kunze. Kune maviri ematambudziko enguruve - hepatitis E uye Yersinia - yekubika zvine hukasha uye kubata kwakachengeteka zvakakwana kudzikisa njodzi. Uye nekuda kwekushomeka kwekudzora, yenguruve-centric yekutsvagisa inokwanisa kumisikidza causation, nyama yenguruve mimwe mireza tsvuku inotangira kubva kuepidemiology - munda wakazara nevanovhiringidzika uye chivimbo chisina kukodzera.

Zvakaipisisa, mazhinji ekudya-uye-chirwere anoongorora bundu renguruve pamwe nemamwe marudzi enyama tsvuku, kusanganisa chero hukama hunogona kuvapo nenguruve yega.

Idzi nyaya dzinoita kuti zviome kupatsanura hutano mhedzisiro yezvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa nenguruve uye kuona kuchengetedzwa kwekushandisa kwavo.

Izvo zviri kutaurwa, chenjedzo ingangove yakakodzera. Ukuru hwakazara, kusachinja-chinja uye mashandiro ehunyanzvi hwehukama hwenguruve nezvirwere zvakakomba zvinoverengeka zvinoita kuti mukana wechokwadi uve nenjodzi.

Kusvikira kumwe kutsvagurudza kuri kuwanika, ungangoda kufunga kaviri nezvekuenda hogi-musango pane nyama yenguruve.