Kurapa Kenza: Kurapa Kuchengeta Ziso

Zvemukati

• Immunotherapy
• Mishonga
• T-cell kurapa
• Monoclonal antibodies
• Immune checkpoint inhibitors
• Gene kurapa
• Gene kugadzirisa
• Virotherapy
• Hormone kurapa
• Nanoparticles
• Ramba uri mukuziva

Tiri pedyo zvakadii?

Cancer iboka rezvirwere zvinoratidzwa nekujairika kwemasero kukura. Aya maseru anogona kupinda matishu akasiyana emuviri, zvichitungamira kumatambudziko akakomba ehutano.

Zvinoenderana neiyo, kenza ndiyo yechipiri-inotungamira yekufa muUnited States shure kwechirwere chemwoyo.

Pane mushonga wecancer here? Kana zvakadaro, tiri pedyo zvakadii? Kuti upindure iyi mibvunzo, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise musiyano uripo pakurapa uye kuregererwa:

• Akurapa inobvisa zvisaririra zvese zvegomarara kubva mumuviri uye inova nechokwadi kuti haizodzoke.
• Kuregererwa zvinoreva kuti pane mashoma kusvika pasina zviratidzo zvegomarara mumuviri.
• Kukwana kuregererwa zvinoreva kuti hapana chero zviratidzo zvinoonekwa zvezviratidzo zvegomarara.

Zvakadaro, maseru ekenza anokwanisa kuramba ari mumuviri, kunyangwe mushure mekuregererwa kwakazara. Izvi zvinoreva kuti gomarara rinogona kudzoka. Kana izvi zvikaitika, kazhinji zviri mukati mekutanga mushure mekurapwa.

Vamwe vanachiremba vanoshandisa izwi rekuti "kurapwa" pavanotaura nezvegomarara risingadzoke mukati memakore mashanu. Asi kenza inogona kudzoka mushure memakore mashanu, saka haisati yanyatsopora.

Parizvino, hapana mushonga wechokwadi wekenza. Asi kufambira mberi kwechangobva kuitika mukurapa uye tekinoroji kuri kubatsira kutiswededza padhuze nepakutanga kurapa.

Verenga pamusoro kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve aya marapirwo ari kubuda uye zvavanogona kureva nezveramangwana rekurapwa nekenza.

Immunotherapy

Cancer immunotherapy mhando yekurapa inobatsira immune system kurwisa cancer maseru.

Iyo immune system inoumbwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzemitezo, maseru, uye zvinyama zvinobatsira muviri kurwisa vapambi vekunze, kusanganisira mabhakitiriya, mavairasi, uye zvipembenene.

Asi masero egomarara haasi vapambi vekunze, saka immune system ingangoda rubatsiro rwekuvaziva. Pane nzira dzinoverengeka dzekupa rubatsiro urwu.

Mishonga

Kana iwe uchifunga nezve majekiseni, iwe unogona kunge uchifunga nezvawo mune mamiriro ekudzivirira zvirwere zvinotapukira, semagwirikwiti, tetenasi, uye dzihwa.

Asi mamwe majekiseni anogona kubatsira kudzivirira-kana kubata-dzimwe mhando dzekenza. Semuenzaniso, hutachiona hwehutachiona hwepilloma (HPV) hunodzivirira pamhando dzakawanda dzeHIVV dzinogona kukonzera gomarara remuchibereko.

Vatsvagiri vanga vachishandawo kugadzira mushonga unobatsira immune system kurwisa maseru ecancer chaiwo. Aya maseru anowanzo kuve nemamorekuru pane awo nzvimbo asipo mumasero akajairwa. Kugadzirira jekiseni rine mamorekuru aya kunogona kubatsira immune system kuti ione zviri nani uye iparadze maseru ekenza.

Pane mushonga mumwe chete wakabvumidzwa kurapa cancer. Inonzi Sipuleucel-T. Iyo inoshandiswa kurapa yakakwira gomarara reprostate iyo isina kupindura kune kumwe kurapwa.

Mushonga uyu wakasarudzika nekuti mushonga wakasarudzika. Masero emunodzivirira anobviswa mumuviri otumirwa kurabhoritari kwaanochinjiswa kuti akwanise kuziva maseru ekenza yeprostate. Ipapo vanojowa zvakare mumuviri wako, kwavanobatsira immune system kuwana nekuparadza cancer maseru.

Vanotsvaga parizvino vari kushanda mukugadzira uye kuyedza majekiseni matsva kune ese kudzivirira uye kurapa mamwe marudzi ekenza.

T-cell kurapa

T maseru rudzi rwechirwere chemuviri. Vanoparadza vapambi vekunze vanoonekwa nema immune system ako. T-cell kurapa kunosanganisira kubvisa aya maseru uye kuatumira kune lab. Iwo maseru anoita seanonyanya kupokana nekenza maseru akapatsanurwa uye anokura muhuwandu hwakawanda. Aya maT seli anozojowa zvakare mumuviri wako.

Rumwe rudzi rweT-cell therapy inonzi CAR T-cell therapy. Munguva yekurapa, maseru eT anotorwa uye anoshandurwa kuti awedzere inogamuchira pamusoro pawo. Izvi zvinobatsira maT seli kuti azive zvirinani uye nekuparadza cancer maseru kana adzoswazve mumuviri wako.

CAR T-cell kurapa parizvino iri kushandiswa kurapa akati wandei mhando dzekenza, senge munhu mukuru asiri Hodgkin's lymphoma uye hudiki acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Zvemakiriniki miedzo iri kuenderera mberi kuona kuti maT-cell ekurapa angakwanise sei kurapa mamwe marudzi ekenza.

Monoclonal antibodies

Maantibodies mapuroteni anogadzirwa nemaB maseru, imwe mhando yema immune immune. Ivo vanokwanisa kucherechedza zvakanangwa zvinangwa, zvinodaidzwa kuti maantigen, uye wosunga kwavari. Pane imwe nguva antibody inosunga kune antigen, T masero anogona kuwana nekuparadza antigen.

Monoclonal antibody therapy inosanganisira kugadzira akawanda maantibhakitiriya ayo anoona maantigen ayo anowanzo kuwanika pamusoro penzvimbo dzekenza maseru. Ivo vanobva vabayiwa mumuviri, kwavanogona kubatsira kuwana uye kurerutsa maseru ekenza.

Kune akawanda marudzi ema monoclonal antibodies akagadzirirwa kenza yekurapa. Mimwe mienzaniso inosanganisira:

• Alemtuzumab. Iyi antibody inosunga kune yakasarudzika protein pane leukemia maseru, yakanangana navo kuti iparadzwe. Inoshandiswa kurapa chisingaperi lymphocytic leukemia.
• Ibritumomab tiuxetan. Iyi antibody ine radioactive chidimbu chakanamatira pairi, ichibvumira radioactivity kuti iendeswe yakananga kumaseru egomarara apo antibody inosunga. Inoshandiswa kurapa mamwe marudzi asiri eHodgkin's lymphoma.
• Ado-trastuzumab emtansine. Iyi antibody ine chemotherapy mushonga wakasungirirwa pairi. Kana antibody yangobata, inosunungura mushonga uya mumasero ekenza. Iyo inoshandiswa kurapa mamwe marudzi ekenza yemazamu.
• Blinatumomab. Izvi chaizvo zvine maviri akasiyana monoclonal antibodies. Imwe inonamatira kumasero ekenza, nepo imwe inosungira kumasero ekudzivirira. Izvi zvinounza immune maseru uye cancer pamwe chete, ichibvumira immune system kurwisa maseru egomarara. Inoshandiswa kurapa acute lymphocytic leukemia.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors

Immune checkpoint inhibitors inowedzera immune system kupindura kune cancer. Ma immune immune akagadzirirwa kubatanidza vapambi vekunze pasina kuparadza mamwe maseru mumuviri. Rangarira, masero egomarara haaratidzike senge ekunze kune immune system.

Kazhinji, mamorekuru ekuongorora ari pamusoro pemasero anodzivirira masero eT kubva pakuvarwisa. Checkpoint inhibitors anobatsira T maseru kudzivirira idzi nzvimbo dzekuongorora, achivabvumira kurwisa kenza maseru zviri nani.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors anoshandiswa kurapa kenza dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira gomarara remapapu uye gomarara reganda.

Heano kumwe kutarisa kweunonotherapy, yakanyorwa nemumwe munhu akapedza makumi maviri emakore achidzidza nezvazvo uye achiedza nzira dzakasiyana.

Gene kurapa

Gene kurapa inzira yekurapa chirwere nekugadzirisa kana kushandura majini ari mukati memasero emuviri. Majini ane kodhi inoburitsa akawanda akasiyana mapuroteni. Mapuroteni, zvakare, anokanganisa masero anokura, maitiro, uye kutaurirana.

Panyaya yekenza, majini anova akaremara kana kukuvara, zvichitungamira kune mamwe maseru kuti akure kunze kwekudzora oita bundu. Chinangwa checancer gene kurapa kurapa chirwere nekumisikidza kana kugadzirisa izvi zvakakuvadzwa ruzivo rwemajini nekodhi ine hutano.

Vatsvagiri vachiri kudzidza mazhinji emajini ekurapa mumarabhoritari kana makiriniki ekuedzwa.

Gene kugadzirisa

Gene kugadzirisa inzira yekuwedzera, kubvisa, kana kugadzirisa magene. Inonziwo genome editing. Muchirevo chekurapwa kwegomarara, jeni nyowani raizounzwa mumasero ekenza. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuti maseru emukenza afe kana kuvadzivirira kubva mukukura.

Kutsvagisa kuchiri mumatanho ekutanga, asi zvinoratidzwa kuvimbisa. Parizvino, yakawanda yekutsvagisa yakatenderedza kugadziriswa kwemajini yakabatanidza mhuka kana maseru ari ega, pane maseru emunhu. Asi iko kutsvagisa kuri kuenderera mberi nekusanduka.

Iyo CRISPR system muenzaniso wejeneti yekugadzirisa iri kuwana kutarisisa kwakawanda. Sisitimu iyi inobvumira vaongorori kunongedza zvakateedzana nezveDNA vachishandisa enzyme uye chidimbu cheiyo nucleic acid. Iyo enzyme inobvisa iyo DNA kuteedzana, ichibvumira kuti ichinjwe neyakaenderana kuteedzana. Iyo yakaita senge kushandisa iyo "tsvaga uye kutsiva" basa mune yekugadzirisa izwi chirongwa.

Yekutanga kiriniki yekuyedza protocol kushandisa CRISPR yakaongororwa munguva pfupi yapfuura. Mune inotarisirwa kiriniki kutongwa, vaongorori vanofunga kushandisa CRISPR tekinoroji kugadzirisa T maseru mune vanhu vane advanced myeloma, melanoma, kana sarcoma.

Sangana nevamwe vevaongorori avo vari kushanda kuti vagadzirise majini ave echokwadi.

Virotherapy

Mhando zhinji dzehutachiona dzinoparadza yavo inomiririra sero sechikamu chehupenyu hwavo kutenderera. Izvi zvinoita kuti mavhairasi ave anokatyamadza anogona kurapwa ekenza. Virotherapy ndiko kushandiswa kwemavhairasi kusarudza kuuraya maseru ekenza.

Utachiona hunoshandiswa mu virotherapy hunodaidzwa kuti oncolytic virus. Izvo zvinoshandurwa nemajini kungo tarisa uye kutevedzera mukati mekenza maseru.

Nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti kana oncolytic virus ikauraya kenza kenza, maantigen ane chekuita nekenza anosunungurwa. Maantibodies anogona kusunga kune aya maantigen uye otangisa immune system kupindura.

Nepo vatsvagiri vari kutarisa kushandiswa kwehutachiona hwakawanda hwerudzi urwu rwekurapa, imwe chete ndiyo yatenderwa kusvika pari zvino. Inonzi T-VEC (talimogene laherparepvec). Iyo inoshandurwa herpes hutachiona. Inoshandiswa kurapa kenza yemelanoma yeganda isingakwanise kuvhiyiwa.

Hormone kurapa

Muviri unongo gadzira mahormone, anoita senhume kumatishu uye maseru emuviri wako. Vanobatsira kudzora mazhinji emabasa emuviri.

Hormone therapy inosanganisira kushandisa mushonga kuvharidzira kugadzirwa kwehomoni. Dzimwe gomarara dzinotarisana nematanho emamwe mahormone. Shanduko mumatunhu aya dzinogona kukanganisa kukura uye kupona kwemasero egomarara aya. Kuderedza kana kuvhara huwandu hwehomoni inodikanwa kunogona kudzora kukura kwemhando dzekenza idzi.

Hormone kurapa dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa kurapa gomarara repazamu, gomarara reprostate, uye gomarara redumbu.

Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles zvimiro zvidiki kwazvo. Iwo madiki pane masero. Saizi yavo inovabvumidza kufamba mumuviri wese uye nekudyidzana nemaseru akasiyana uye mamorekuru ehupenyu.

Nanoparticles iri kuvimbisa maturusi ekurapa kenza, kunyanya senzira yekuendesa mishonga kunzvimbo yebundu. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kuita kuti chirwere chekenza chibudirire uchidzikisa mhedzisiro.

Kunyange iyo mhando yeanoparticle therapy ichiri kunyanya padanho rekuvandudza, nanoparticle-based dhirivhari masisitimu anotenderwa kurapwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzekenza. Mimwe mishonga yekenza inoshandisa nanoparticle tekinoroji ikozvino iri mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.

Ramba uri mukuziva

Nyika yekurapa kenza iri kuramba ichikura uye ichichinja. Gara uchiziva zvezviwanikwa izvi:

• . Iyo National Cancer Institute (NCI) inochengetedza ino saiti. Iyo inowanzo gadziridzwa nezvinyorwa nezve yazvino kenza yekutsvaga uye kurapwa.
• . Iri dhatabhesi rekutsvagisa ruzivo nezve NCI-inotsigirwa kiriniki miedzo.
• Iyo Cancer Yekutsvagisa Institute blog. Iri ibhuku neCancer Cancer Institute. Iyo inowanzo gadziridzwa nezvinyorwa nezve yazvino yekutsvagisa kubudirira.
• IAmerican Cancer Society. IAmerican Cancer Society inopa ruzivo rwechizvino-zvino pamusoro pemitemo yekuongorora gomarara, marapirwo aripo, uye ongororo dzekutsvagisa.
• ClinicalTrials.gov. Nezvezvino uye zvakavhurika zviedzo zvemakiriniki kutenderera pasirese, tarisa iyo US National Library yeMedicine dhatabhesi rezvakavanzika uye paruzhinji mari inotsigirwa zvidzidzo.