Leukemia

Zvemukati

• Njodzi zvinhu zveleukemia
• Mhando dzeleukemia
• Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
• Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ZVESE)
• Chisingaperi myelogenous leukemia (CML)
• Chirwere lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
• Ndezvipi zviratidzo zveleukemia?
• Kuongorora leukemia
• Miedzo
• Stage
• Kuongorora kufambira mberi
• Kurapa leukemia
• Maonero kwenguva refu

Chii chinonzi leukemia?

Leukemia ikenza yemasero eropa. Kune akati wandei akakura zvikamu zvemasero eropa, anosanganisira matsvuku masero eropa (RBCs), machena masero eropa (WBCs), uye maplatelet. Kazhinji, leukemia inoreva kenza dzeWBCs.

WBCs chikamu chakakosha chemuviri wako wemuviri. Dzinodzivirira muviri wako kubva pakupinda nemabhakitiriya, mavairasi, uye fungi, pamwe nemamasero asina kujairika uye nezvimwe zvinhu zvekunze. Mune leukemia, maWBC haashande seWBCs zvakajairika. Vanogona zvakare kupatsanura nekukurumidza uye pakupedzisira vozadza masero akajairwa.

WBCs anonyanya kugadzirwa mumongo wemapfupa, asi mamwe marudzi eWBCs akaitwawo mune ma lymph node, spleen, uye thymus gland. Kana uchinge waumbwa, maWBC anotenderera mukati memuviri wako muropa rako uye lymph (fluid inotenderera kuburikidza neiyo lymphatic system), ichinyatso tarisa mune ma lymph node uye spleen.

Njodzi zvinhu zveleukemia

Zvinokonzera leukemia hazvizivikanwe. Nekudaro, zvinoverengeka zvinhu zvakawonekwa izvo zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yako. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• nhoroondo yemhuri yeleukemia
• kusvuta, izvo zvinowedzera mukana wako wekukura kwakanyanya myeloid leukemia (AML)
• kusagadzikana kwemajini seDown syndrome
• kusagadzikana kweropa, senge myelodysplastic syndrome, iyo dzimwe nguva inonzi "preleukemia"
• kurapwa kwekare kwekenza nekemotherapy kana radiation
• kusvibiswa kumazinga akakwirira emwaranzi
• kutarisana nemakemikari akadai se benzene

Mhando dzeleukemia

Kutanga kweleukemia kunogona kuve kwakaomarara (kutanga kamwe kamwe) kana kusingaperi (kunonoka kutanga). Mune acute leukemia, cancer maseru anowedzera nekukurumidza. Mune chisingaperi leukemia, chirwere ichi chinofambira mberi zvishoma uye zviratidzo zvekutanga zvinogona kunge zvakanyorovera.

Leukemia inosarudzika zvinoenderana nerudzi rwechitokisi. Leukemia inosanganisira myeloid maseru inonzi myelogenous leukemia. Myeloid masero masero eropa asina kuchena ayo anowanzo kuve granulocytes kana monocytes. Leukemia inosanganisira lymphocyte inonzi lymphocytic leukemia. Kune mana makuru marudzi eleukemia:

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) inogona kuitika kuvana nevakuru. Sekureva kweSurveillance, Epidemiology, uye End Mhedzisiro Chirongwa cheNational Cancer Institute (NCI), vangangoita zviuru makumi maviri nezviviri zvezviitiko zveAML zvinowanikwa gore rega rega muUnited States. Iyi ndiyo nzira inowanzozivikanwa yeleukemia. Makore mashanu ekupona kwe AML i26.9 muzana.

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ZVESE)

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ZVA) inowanikwa zvakanyanya muvana. Iyo NCI inofungidzira nezve zviuru zvitanhatu zvemhosva zvitsva zveZVO zvese zvinoonekwa gore rega. Makore mashanu ekupona kweZVESE ari 68.2 muzana.

Chisingaperi myelogenous leukemia (CML)

Chisingaperi myelogenous leukemia (CML) chinokanganisa vazhinji vanhu vakuru. Panenge mazana mapfumbamwe ezviuru zvematambudziko eCML anoonekwa gore rega rega, maererano neCNI. Makore mashanu ekupona kweCML i66.9 muzana.

Chirwere lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Chirwere lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) chinonyanya kukanganisa vanhu vanopfuura makore makumi mashanu nemashanu. Hazvinyanyoonekwa muvana. Sekureva kweNCI, vangangoita zviuru makumi maviri zvematambudziko eCLL anoonekwa gore rega. Iyo makore mashanu ekupona kweiyo CLL ndeye 83.2 muzana.

Hairy cell leukemia chinhu chisingawanzoitika chikamu cheCLL. Zita rayo rinouya kubva pakuonekwa kwekenza lymphocyte pasi pe microscope.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zveleukemia?

Zviratidzo zveleukemia zvinosanganisira:

• kudikitira zvakanyanyisa, kunyanya husiku (inonzi "sweat usiku")
• kuneta uye kushaya simba izvo zvisingaendi nekuzorora
• kurasikirwa nemaune uremu
• kurwadziwa kwepfupa uye unyoro
• kusarwadziwa, kuzvimba lymph node (kunyanya mumutsipa uye muhapwa)
• kuwedzera kwechiropa kana spleen
• mavara matsvuku paganda, anonzi petechiae
• kubuda ropa nyore uye kupwanya nyore
• kupisa kana kutonhora
• kazhinji hutachiona

Leukemia inogona zvakare kukonzera zviratidzo munhengo dzakapindirwa kana kukanganiswa nemaseru ekenza. Semuenzaniso, kana kenza ikapararira kune yepakati tsinga system, inogona kukonzera kutemwa nemusoro, kuda kurutsa uye kurutsa, kuvhiringidzika, kurasikirwa kwekudzora tsandanyama, uye kufenda.

Leukemia inogona zvakare kupararira kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri wako, kusanganisira:

• mapapu
• gastrointestinal turakiti
• mwoyo
• itsvo
• testes

Kuongorora leukemia

Leukemia inogona kufungidzirwa kana uine zvimwe zvine njodzi kana zvine chekuita nezviratidzo. Chiremba wako achatanga nenhoroondo yakazara uye kuongorora kwemuviri, asi leukemia haigone kuongororwa zvizere nemuviri bvunzo. Pane kudaro, vanachiremba vanoshandisa kuongororwa kweropa, biopsies, uye imaging bvunzo kuti vaongorore.

Miedzo

Kune akatiwandei ebvunzo dzakasiyana dzinogona kushandiswa kuongorora leukemia. Kuverenga kwakazara kweropa kunotarisa huwandu hweRBCs, WBCs, uye maplatelet muropa. Kutarisa kuropa rako pasi pe microscope kunogona zvakare kuona kana masero aine chimiro chisina kujairika.

Tissue biopsiescan inotorwa kubva mumwongo wemapfupa kana ma lymph node kutsvaga humbowo hweleukemia. Aya madiki sampuli anogona kuona mhando yeleukemia uye kukura kwayo mwero. Biopsies ezvimwe nhengo senge chiropa uye spleen zvinogona kuratidza kana gomarara rapararira.

Stage

Kana leukemia yangoonekwa, ichaiswa padanho. Kuisa matanho kunobatsira chiremba wako kuona maonero ako.

AML uye ZVESE zvakaiswa zvichibva nekuti masero ekenza anotaridzika sei pasi peikorosikopu uye nemhando yesero inobatanidzwa. ZVESE uye CLL zvakaiswa zvinoenderana neiyo WBC kuverenga panguva yekuongororwa. Kuvapo kwemasero eropa asina kuchena, kana myeloblasts, muropa uye mwongo wemapfupa kunoshandiswa zvakare kuisa AML neCML.

Kuongorora kufambira mberi

Mamwe mimwe miedzo inogona kushandiswa kuongorora kufambira mberi kwechirwere.

• Kuyerera cytometry kunoongorora iyo DNA yemaseru ekenza uye inosarudza kukura kwavo mwero.
• Chiropa chebasa bvunzo chinoratidza kana leukemia maseru ari kukanganisa kana kupinda muchiropa.
• Lumbar puncture inoitwa nekupinza tsono nhete pakati pe vertebrae yezasi kwako musana. Izvi zvinobvumidza chiremba wako kuti atore musana wepelinha uye aone kana gomarara rapararira kune yepakati system system
• Kufungidzira bvunzo, senge X-rays, ultrasound, uye CT scan, kubatsira vanachiremba kutarisa chero kukuvara kune dzimwe nhengo dzinokonzerwa neleukemia.

Kurapa leukemia

Leukemia inowanzo kurapwa nehematologist-oncologist. Ava ndivo vanachiremba vane hunyanzvi mukusangana kweropa nekenza. Iyo kurapwa kunoenderana nerudzi uye nhanho yekenza. Dzimwe mhando dzeleukemia dzinokura zvishoma uye hadzidi kurapwa nekukurumidza. Nekudaro, kurapwa kweleukemia kazhinji kunosanganisira chimwe kana zvimwe zvinotevera:

• Chemotherapy inoshandisa mishonga kuuraya leukemia masero. Zvichienderana nerudzi rweleukemia, unogona kutora chero mushonga mumwe kana musanganiswa wemimwe mishonga.
• Radiation kurapwa kunoshandisa yakakwira-simba radiation kuti ikanganise maseru eukemia uye kutadzisa kukura kwavo. Radiation inogona kuiswa kune yakatarwa nzvimbo kana kune yako muviri wese.
• Stem cell transplantation inotsiva marora emapfupa ane hutano nemwongo wemapfupa, ingave yako (inonzi autologous transplantation) kana kubva kune mupi (anonzi allologous transplantation). Maitiro aya anonzi zvakare mapfupa ekuisa.
• Biological kana immune therapy inoshandisa kurapwa kunobatsira immune system yako kuziva uye kurwisa gomarara maseru.
• Targeted Therapy inoshandisa mishonga iyo inotora mukana wekusasimba mumasero ekenza. Semuenzaniso, imatinib (Gleevec) chinwiwa chakanangwa icho chinowanzo shandiswa kurwisa CML.

Maonero kwenguva refu

Maonero kwenguva refu kune vanhu vane leukemia zvinoenderana nerudzi rwekenza yavanayo uye nhanho yavo pakuongororwa. Iyo inokurumidza leukemia inoonekwa uye iyo nekukurumidza iyo kurapwa, inove nani mukana wekupora. Zvimwe zvinhu, senge kuchembera, nhoroondo yakapfuura yekusangana kweropa, uye chromosome shanduko, zvinogona kukanganisa maonero.

Sekureva kweNCI, huwandu hwevanhu vakafa neleukemia hwave kudonha paavhareji muzana muzana gore rega kubva 2005 kusvika 2014. Kubva 2007 kusvika 2013, makore mashanu ekupona (kana muzana vakapona makore mashanu apfuura mushure mekuongororwa) yaive 60.6 muzana .

Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti nhamba iyi inosanganisira vanhu veese mazera uye nemhando dzose dzeleukemia. Izvo hazvifananidzi zvemhedzisiro kune chero munhu mumwe chete. Shanda nechikwata chako chekurapa kurapa leukemia. Rangarira kuti mamiriro emunhu wese akasiyana.