Chokwadi nezveHIV: Hupenyu Husingatarisiri uye Hurefu Maonero

Zvemukati

• Vangani vanhu vanobatwa neHIV?
• Kurapa kwave nani sei?
• HIV inobata sei munhu mukufamba kwenguva?
• Kune here kwenguva yakareba kunetsekana?
• Kukurudzira kwenguva refu maonero
• Chinokosha

Mhedziso

Maonero evanhu vanorarama neHIV akachinja zvakanyanya pamakumi maviri emakore apfuura. Vanhu vazhinji vane hutachiwana hweHIV vanogona kurarama kwenguva yakareba, hupenyu hune hutano kana vachigara vachinwa mishonga yemaARV.

Kaiser Permanente vaongorori vakawana kuti tarisiro yeupenyu hwevanhu vanorarama neHIV uye vachiwana kurapwa yakawedzera zvakanyanya kubva muna1996 zvichienda mberi. Kubva gore iro, mishonga mitsva yemaantiretroviral yakagadziriswa ikawedzerwa kune iripo antiretroviral therapy. Izvi zvakakonzera chirongwa chinoshanda zvikuru chekurapa HIV.

Muna 1996, hupenyu hwese hwemunhu ane makore makumi maviri ane hutachiona hweHIV hwaive makore makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe. Muna 2011, hwese hupenyu hwekutarisira hwakawedzera kusvika makore makumi manomwe.

Huwandu hwekupona kwevanhu vane hutachiwana hweHIV hwakavandudzawo zvakanyanya kubva pamazuva ekutanga ehutachiona hweHIV. Semuenzaniso, vaongorori vakaongorora kufa kwevatori vechikamu mukunzvera kwevanhu veSwitzerland vane hutachiona hweHIV vakawana kuti 78 muzana yenzufu pakati pa1988 na1995 dzakakonzerwa nezvikonzero zvine chekuita neAIDS. Pakati pa2005 na2009, huwandu uhu hwakadzika kusvika pa15 muzana.

Vangani vanhu vanobatwa neHIV?

Vanhu vanofungidzirwa vemuU.S. vari kurarama neHIV, asi vashoma vari kubatira hutachiona gore rega. Izvi zvinogona kuve nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekuyedza uye kufambira mberi mukurapa. Kugara uchirapa antiretroviral kunogona kudzikisira HIV muropa kusvika pamatanho asingaonekwe. Sekureva kwaiye, munhu ane huwandu husingaonekwe hweHIV muropa rake haakwanise kuendesa hutachiona kune mumwe wake panguva yebonde.

Pakati pa2010 na2014, huwandu hwegore hwehutachiona hweHIV muUnited States hwakaderera.

Kurapa kwave nani sei?

Mishonga yemaARV inogona kubatsira kudzikisira kukuvara kunokonzerwa nehutachiona hweHIV uye kuzvidzivirira kubva pakuva nhanho yeHIV, kana AIDS.

Anopa hutano anozokurudzira kurapwa kwemaantiretroviral. Mushonga uyu unoda kutora matatu kana anopfuura mishonga yemaARV zuva nezuva. Iko kusanganisa kunobatsira kudzvinyirira huwandu hweHIV mumuviri (hutachiona huwandu). Mapiritsi anosanganisa akawanda mishonga anowanikwa.

Iwo akasiyana makirasi eantiretroviral zvinodhaka anosanganisira:

• isiri-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
• nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
• protease inhibitors
• kupinda inhibitors
• integrase inhibitors

Kudzvinyirira hutachiwana hutendera vanhu vanehutachiwana kurarama hupenyu hwakanaka uye kunoderedza mikana yavo yekukura nhanho yeHIV. Imwe bhenefiti yehutachiona hwehutachiona husingaonekwe ndeyekuti inobatsira kudzikisa hutachiwana hweHIV.

Ongororo ye2014 European PARTNER yakawana kuti njodzi yekutapukirwa neHIV ishoma kwazvo kana munhu aine mutoro usingaonekwe. Izvi zvinoreva kuti huwandu hwehutachiona huri pasi pemakumi mashanu emakopi pamamirilita (mL).

Kuwanikwa uku kwakatungamira kuchirongwa chekudzivirira Mukondombera chinonzi "kurapwa sekudzivirira." Inokurudzira kurapwa kusingachinjiki senzira yekudzora kupararira kwehutachiona.

Kurapa kweHIV kwakashanduka zvakanyanya kubva kutanga kwechirwere, uye kufambira mberi kuri kuramba kuchiitwa. Pakutanga nhepfenyuro kubva kuongororo yekiriniki muUnited Kingdom uye ongororo yakaburitswa kubva kuUnited States yakaratidza mhedzisiro inovimbisa yekurapa kweHIV iyo inogona kuisa hutachiona mukuregererwa uye kuwedzera hutachiona.

Chidzidzo cheU.S. chakaitwa patsoko dzakatapukirwa nehumeni hweHIV, saka hazvisi pachena kana vanhu vaizoona mabhenefiti akafanana. Kana zviri zvekutongwa kweUK, vatori vechikamu havana kuratidza zviratidzo zveHIV muropa ravo. Zvisinei, vaongorori vakayambira kuti pane mukana wekuti hutachiona hudzoke, uye kudzidza kwacho hakusati kwapera.

Jekiseni remwedzi wega wega rinotarisirwa kurova misika kutanga kwa2020 mushure mekuratidzira mibairo inovheneka mumakiriniki ekuedzwa. Iyi jekiseni inosanganisa mishonga cabotegravir uye rilpivirine (Edurant). Kana zvasvika pakutsikirira hutachiona hweHIV, jekiseni racho rakaratidza kuti rinoshanda seyakajairika regimen yemazuva ese mishonga yemumuromo.

HIV inobata sei munhu mukufamba kwenguva?

Kunyangwe maonero ave nani zvirinani kune avo vane HIV, kuchine zvimwe zvenguva refu mhedzisiro yavanogona kusangana nayo.

Nekufamba kwenguva, vanhu vanorarama neHIV vanogona kutanga kuita mamwe mhedzisiro yekurapwa kana HIV pachayo.

Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira:

• kukurumidza kukwegura
• kukanganisa kukanganisa
• zvinetso zvine chekuita nekuzvimba
• zvinokanganisa pamadhiidhi
• gomarara

Muviri unogona zvakare kuchinja mukugadzirisa mashuga nemafuta. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira mukuva nemafuta akawanda mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuviri, izvo zvinogona kuchinja chimiro chemuviri. Zvisinei, izvi zviratidzo zvepanyama zvinowanzoonekwa nemishonga yekare yeHIV. Mishonga mitsva ine zvishoma, kana zviripo, zvezviratidzo izvi zvine chekuita nechitarisiko.

Kana ikarapwa zvisina tsarukano kana kusiiwa isina kurapwa, hutachiona hweHIV hunogona kukura kuita nhanho yeHIV, kana AIDS.

Munhu anoita nhanho yeHIV yechitatu kana masoja emuviri ake asina kusimba kudzivirira muviri wake kuzvirwere. Anopa hutano anozoongorora nhanho yeHIV kana huwandu hwemamwe masero machena eropa (maCD4 maseru) mune immune system yemunhu ane hutachiona achidonha pasi pemasero mazana maviri paML yeropa.

Hupenyu hunotarisirwa hwakasiyana kumunhu wese anorarama nedanho 3 HIV. Vamwe vanhu vanogona kufa mukati memwedzi yekuongororwa uku, asi vazhinji vanogona kurarama hupenyu hwakagwinya nehurongwa hweantiretroviral.

Kune here kwenguva yakareba kunetsekana?

Nekufamba kwenguva, HIV inogona kuuraya masero mune immune system. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti zviomere muviri kurwisa hutachiona hwakakomba. Izvi hutachiona hunowanikwa zvinogona kutyisidzira hupenyu nekuti zvinogona kukuvadza immune system kana yatove isina simba.

Kana munhu akararama neHIV akaita hutachiona hunowanikwa, anoonekwa aine hutatu hweHIV, kana AIDS.

Zvimwe zvirwere zvinokanganisa zvinosanganisira:

• tibhii
• pneumonia inodzokororwa
• salmonella
• huropi uye musana chirwere
• mhando dzakasiyana dzehutachiona hutachiona
• chirwere chisingaperi chemukati
• herpes simplex hutachiona
• fungal zvirwere
• cytomegalovirus hutachiona

Hupembenene hutachiona, kunyanya, hunoramba huri honzeri huru yerufu kune vanhu vanorarama nedanho 3 HIV. Nzira yakanakisa yekudzivirira hutachiona hunowanikwa ndeyekuomerera pakurapwa uye kuongororwa nguva nenguva. Zvakakoshawo kushandisa makondomu panguva yebonde, kubayiwa majekiseni, uye kudya chikafu chakagadzirwa zvakanaka.

Kukurudzira kwenguva refu maonero

HIV inogona kukurumidza kukuvadza immune system uye inotungamira kune nhanho 3 HIV, saka kuwana kurapwa kwakakodzera kunogona kubatsira kusimudzira tarisiro yehupenyu. Vanhu vanorarama neHIV vanofanira kushanyira mupi wezvehutano nguva dzose uye kurapa mamwe mamiriro ehutano sezvaanomuka.

Kutanga uye kugara pamushonga weantiretroviral mushure mekuongororwa ndiko kwakakosha kuti ugare uine hutano uye kudzivirira matambudziko uye kufambira mberi kusvika padanho reHIV.

Chinokosha

Miedzo mitsva, kurapwa, uye kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kweHIV kwakavandudza zvakanyanya icho chaimbove chimiro chisina kujeka. Makore makumi matatu apfuura, kuongororwa uine hutachiona hweHIV kwakatorwa semutongo werufu. Nhasi uno, vanhu vane Mukondombera vanogona kurarama hupenyu hurefu uye hune hutano.

Ndosaka kuongororwa kweHIV kwakajairika kuchikosha. Kukurumidza kuona uye kurapwa nenguva kwakakosha kugadzirisa hutachiona, kuwedzera hupenyu hwehupenyu, uye kudzikisa njodzi yekutapurirana. Avo vanoramba vasina kurapwa vanogona kusangana nematambudziko kubva kuHIV ayo anogona kukonzera kurwara uye kufa.