Lymphoma: chii, zviratidzo zvikuru uye kurapwa

Zvemukati

• Zviratidzo zvikuru
• Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pe lymphoma neleukemia
• Ndezvipi zvikonzero
• Maitiro ekusimbisa kuongororwa
• Kurapwa kunoitwa sei
• 1. Chemotherapy
• 2. Radiotherapy
• 3. Immunotherapy
• 4. Kupfupa kwemongo wemapfupa
• 5. Gene kurapa
• 6. Kuvhiya
• Ko lymphoma inogona kurapwa here?

Lymphoma imhando yekenza inobata maLymphocyte, ayo ari masero ane basa rekuchengetedza muviri kubva kuzvirwere nezvirwere. Rudzi urwu rwegomarara rwunonyanya kukura mune ma "lymph node", anozivikanwawo sekuti lingas, ayo anowanikwa muhapwa, kugomera uye mutsipa, zvichitungamira mukuumbwa kwemapundu uye anogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakaita sefivha, ziya dikita usiku, kuneta zvakanyanya uye kuonda pasina chikonzero chiri pachena.

Muzhinji, lymphoma inowanzoitika kune vanhu vakuru kupfuura kuvana, uye vamwe vanhu vanogona kunge vari panjodzi huru yekuvandudza chirwere ichi, sevaya vane nhoroondo yemhuri ye "lymphoma", vane chirwere chinokonzera hutachiona hwakanyanya kana vakatapukirwa. nemamwe hutachiona seHIV, Epstein-Barr kana HTLV-1.

Kune maviri marudzi e lymphoma, ayo anogona kusiyaniswa nehunhu hwemasero akaipa anowanikwa mukuyedzwa kwekuongorora, senge:

• Hodgkin's lymphoma, iyo inonyanya kushomeka, inobata vanhu vakura uye inonanga chaiwo maseru ekudzivirira emuviri, mhando B lymphocyte;
• Kwete-Hodgkin's lymphoma, iyo inowanzoitika uye inowanzo kukura kubva kuB uye T. lymphocyte. Tarisa uone zvakawanda nezve isiri-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Kuongororwa kwemhando mbiri dze lymphoma kunoitwa kuburikidza nekuongororwa kweropa, kuongororwa kwekufungidzira uye bone marrow biopsy uye kurapwa kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekemotherapy, radiotherapy uye bone marrow kuisirwa. Kana ikakurumidza kuongororwa uye kana kurapwa kukatangwa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, mikana yekurapa iyo lymphoma yakakwira.

Zviratidzo zvikuru

Zviratidzo zvikuru zve lymphoma inogara iri fivha, husiku hweziya uye kuvapo kwema lymph node akawedzera, anoonekwa nekuvapo kwemapundu mumutsipa, muhapwa kana kugomera. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kunge zvichiratidza lymphoma ndeizvi:

• Kuneta zvakanyanya;
• Itch;
• Malaise;
• Kurasikirwa nechido;
• Kuonda pasina chikonzero chiri pachena;
• Kufema kwekufema uye kukosora.

Pamusoro pezviratidzo izvi, iyo spleen, inova nhengo inoitisa kugadzirwa kwemasero ekudzivirira, ari kumusoro kwekuruboshwe kwedumbu, anogona kukanganiswa neiyo lymphoma uye kuzvimba nekukonzera marwadzo, uyezve, kana lymph node yakawedzerwa kwazvo, inogona kutsikirira tsinga pagumbo uye inokonzeresa kugwinha kana kugwinha. Ziva zvimwe zviratidzo zvegomarara.

Mukuvapo kwezvakawanda zvezviratidzo izvi, zvinokurudzirwa kuenda kuna chiremba kunoongororwa uye, kana chirwere chikasimbiswa, kurapwa kwakakodzera kunogona kutangwa zvinoenderana nekutungamira kwechiremba mukuru, wehematologist kana oncologist.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pe lymphoma neleukemia

Mune leukemia, maseru akaipa anotanga kuwanda mumongo wemapfupa, nepo mune lymphoma, gomarara rinotanga mune node node, kana mutauro. Pamusoro pezvo, kunyange hazvo zvimwe zviratidzo zvakafanana, senge kupisa muviri uye kudikitira usiku, mune leukemia zvakajairika kubuda ropa uye kuoneka mavara epepuru pamuviri, uye mu lymphoma, ganda rinonzwika rinoitika.

Ndezvipi zvikonzero

Zvinokonzera lymphoma zvisati zvanyatsotsanangurwa, asi vanhu vanopfuura makumi matanhatu vanogona kuwedzera non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona zvakare kusangana nekumuka kwe lymphoma hutachiona nehutachiona hweHIV, Epstein-Barr hutachiona, iyo inokonzeresa mononucleosis, HTLV-1, iyo inokonzeresa mamwe marudzi ehepatitis, uye hutachiona nemabhakitiriya. Helicobacter pylori, izvo zvinogona kuwanikwa mudumbu.

Uye zvakare, kuva nechirwere chinokonzera hutachiona hwakadzika, kuve ne autoimmune chirwere, senge lupus kana chirwere checeliac, pamwe nekushanda munzvimbo dzine ruzivo rwakanyanya kumakemikari, senge mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka, inogona kukanganisa kutanga kwe lymphoma. . Ona izvo zvinogona kukonzera kenza yeremphatic.

Maitiro ekusimbisa kuongororwa

Kuongororwa kwe lymphoma kunoitwa kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwezviratidzo neanowanzoita, hematologist kana oncologist uye mhedzisiro yemamwe mabvunzo, akadai se:

• Kuedza kweropa: anoshandiswa kuongorora masero eropa nema enzymes, nekuti shanduko muleukogram, senge kuwedzera kwema lymphocyte, uye kuwedzera kwe lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) inogona kuratidza kuvepo kwe lymphoma;
• X-ray: inopa mifananidzo yezvikamu zvemuviri zvinogona kukanganiswa ne lymphoma;
• Yakagadzirwa tomography: inobvumira kuona mifananidzo yemitezo yemuviri zvakadzama kupfuura iyo X-ray, kugona kuona lymphoma;
• Magnetic resonance imaging: pamwe necomputer tomography, inoshanda kuona nzvimbo dzemuviri dzakabatwa ne lymphoma nemifananidzo;
• Pet-scan: iyo mhando yekomputa tomography, iyo inobatsira mukuonekwa kwemastastasis, inova iyo iyo lymphoma inopararira kumativi akasiyana emuviri;

Izvo zvinoratidzwa zvakare nachiremba kuti aite bone marrow biopsy iyo inosanganisira kubvisa chikamu chidiki chepfupa kubva muchiuno kuti aongorore maseru emongo uye aone kana akanganiswa neiyo lymphoma.

Kurapwa kunoitwa sei

Kubva pamhedzisiro yebvunzo, wehematologist kana oncologist anoratidza kurapwa kunoenderana nerudzi, saizi, degree uye nharaunda inowanikwa iyo lymphoma, pamwe nezera remunhu uye mamiriro akajairwa. Nenzira iyi, lymphoma inogona kurapwa nenzira dzinotevera:

1. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy kurapwa kunoitwa nekutungamirwa kwemishonga kuburikidza nemutsinga, kuburikidza nekateti, kubvisa maseru ekenza anokonzera lymphoma. Iyo inowanzo shandiswa chemotherapy mishonga yekurapa lymphoma ndeye doxorubicin, bleomycin, dacarbazine uye vinblastine uye inowanzo shandiswa pazuva rimwe chete, sechikamu chechirongwa chekurapa, sarudzo yeprotocol nachiremba zvichienderana zvakanyanya nerudzi rwe lymphoma yakawanikwa.

Chemotherapy maprotocol anoitwa ese matatu kana mana masvondo, sezvo iyi mishonga ine yakasimba mhedzisiro, senge kurasikirwa bvudzi, kuda kurutsa uye kurutsa, kushaya kudya uye kudzikira kwekuzvidzivirira, zvinotora nguva yakareba kuti muviri upore. Zvinoenderana nerudzi rwe lymphoma, chiremba anozotarisa kuti kangani zvichazodiwa kudzokorora mishonga, kureva kuti mangani machemotherapy anoitwa.

2. Radiotherapy

Radiotherapy kurapwa kunoshandiswa kuparadza gomarara maseru kuburikidza nemwaranzi inoburitswa nemuchina yakanangana neiyo lymph node inobatwa neiyo lymphoma, umo mamaki anogadzirwa paganda kuti mwaranzi iyi iitwe munzvimbo imwechete nguva dzese.

Asati atanga iyo radiotherapy kurapwa, iyo radiotherapist, nerubatsiro rwekufungidzira bvunzo, inoita kuronga kwenzvimbo yemuviri kune iyo lymphoma iri uye icharatidza mwero we radiation, huwandu uye nguva yezvikamu.

Kazhinji yenguva, radiotherapy inoshandiswa pamwe chete nedzimwe nzira dzekurapa kuwedzera mikana yekubvisa maseru anokonzera lymphoma, uye inokonzeresa mhedzisiro sekurasikirwa nechido, kunzwa kurwara, kunzwa kupisa munzvimbo yakashandiswa. Ona zvaunofanira kudya kurerutsa mhedzisiro ye radiation radiation.

3. Immunotherapy

Dzimwe mhando dzema lymphoma dzinogona kurapwa nemaununotherapeutic mishonga, iri mishonga inobatsira immune system kurwisa maseru e-lymphoma, uye mhedzisiro yacho ishoma pane iyo yekemotherapy.

Iyi mishonga inoshandiswawo nedzimwe nzira dzekurapa, ichiwedzera mikana yekurapa lymphoma. Mimwe mishonga yemununotherapy inoshandiswa kurapa lymphoma ndeye rituximab, bortezomib uye lenalidomide.

4. Kupfupa kwemongo wemapfupa

Bone marrow transplantation kurapwa kunoitwa nekuparadza maseru e-lymphoma anorwara uye nekuatsiva nemasero ane hutano. Usati wawana masero ane hutano, chemotherapy-inodikanwa kuuraya masero ekenza mumuviri. Dzidza zvakawanda nezve chii masero masero uye kuti vangabatsira sei.

Kune mhando mbiri dzekupfekedzwa kwemongo wemapfupa anozvigadzirira, apo masero emashanga anogamuchirwa kubva kumunhu iye, uye allogeneic, inova iyo masero emadzinde anowanikwa kubva kune mumwe munhu. Kuti ugamuchire mwongo wepfupa kubva kune mumwe munhu, unofanirwa kunge uchienderana, saka usati waiswa, kuongororwa kweropa kunoitwa, zvese pamunhu ane lymphoma uye pamunhu anenge achizopa mwongo wemapfupa.

5. Gene kurapa

Parizvino, mushonga mutsva we lymphoma unonzi CAR-T-cell urikutangwa, ndipo panobviswa maseru ekudzivirira emuviri uye akagadzirwazve nerumwe rudzi rwechinhu uye mamwe maseru aya anopinzwa mumuviri achibatsira kuwedzera kudzivirira uye kurwisa kenza maseru. Kurapwa uku kuchiri kuongororwa uye hakuwanikwe muzvipatara zvese. Tsvaga zvimwe nezve marapirwo anoitwa uchishandisa CAR-T-cell maitiro.

6. Kuvhiya

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, apo ma "lymph node" anowedzera zvakanyanya muhukuru, nekuda kwe "lymphoma", anokwanisa kusvika kune dzimwe nhengo senge "spleen" uye nekudaro chiremba anogona kukurudzira kuvhiyiwa kubvisa nhengo iyi. Usati waita kurapwa, dzimwe nguva zvinofanirwa kuita kuvhiya kudiki kubvisa lymph node, kuitira kuti uite biopsy yekuongorora masero ekenza.

Ko lymphoma inogona kurapwa here?

Mhedzisiro yekurapa inosiyana zvinoenderana nerudzi uye chiyero chei lymphoma, asi kazhinji kazhinji inorapika kana ikarapwa zvinoenderana nemazano ekurapa. Pamusoro pezvo, kana chirwere ichi chikaonekwa nekurapwa pachine nguva, mikana yekurapa yakatokura.

Mishonga mitsva, kutsva kutsva uye kutsigira zvirinani kuchengetwa kwemunhu ari kurapwa kuri kuvandudzwa uye nekudaro mhedzisiro iri nani uye, nekudaro, hwakawedzera hupenyu hwehupenyu.