Chiropa Kenza

Zvemukati

• Chii chinonzi kenza yechiropa?
• Ndeapi marudzi akasiyana ekenza yechiropa yekutanga?
• Hepatocellular carcinoma
• Cholangiocarcinoma
• Chiropa angiosarcoma
• Hepatoblastoma
• Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvegomarara rechiropa?
• Ndiani ari panjodzi yekenza yechiropa?
• Kenza yechiropa inoonekwa sei?
• Chiropa biopsy
• Kenza yechiropa inorapwa sei?
• Hepatectomy
• Chiropa chinotamisa
• Kubvisa
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation kurapa
• Targeted kurapwa
• Embolization uye chemoembolization
• Kenza yechiropa ingadzivirirwa sei?
• Tora mushonga we hepatitis B
• Tora matanho ekudzivirira hepatitis C
• Deredza njodzi yako yechirrhosis
• Ingonwa doro zvine mwero
• Chengetedza huremu hune hutano
• Kutsungirira nekenza yechiropa

Cavan Mifananidzo / Getty Mifananidzo

Chii chinonzi kenza yechiropa?

Gomarara rechiropa igomarara rinoitika muchiropa. Chiropa inhengo hombe yegland mumuviri uye inoita akasiyana mabasa akakosha kuti muviri ugare usina chepfu nezvinhu zvinokuvadza.

Chiropa chiri mune yekurudyi yepamusoro quadrant yedumbu, pasi chaipo pembabvu. Ndiro rinoita kuburitsa bile, chinova chinhu chinokubatsira kugaya mafuta, mavhitaminzi, nezvimwe zvinovaka muviri.

Nhengo yakakosha iyi inochengetawo zvinovaka muviri zvakadai seglucose, kuitira kuti ugare uchiguta panguva dzaunenge usiri kudya. Inoputsawo mishonga uye chepfu.

Kana gomarara rikakura muchiropa, rinoparadza maseru echiropa uye rinokanganisa kugona kwechiropa kuti chishande zvakanaka.

Kenza yechiropa inowanzo kuverengerwa sepuraimari kana yechipiri. Kenza yechiropa yekutanga inotanga mumasero echiropa. Yechipiri gomarara rechiropa rinoitika apo maseru ekenza kubva kune imwe nhengo inopararira kuchiropa.

Kusiyana nemamwe maseru mumuviri, maseru egomarara anogona kubva panzvimbo yekutanga, kana kuti kenza payakatanga.

Iwo maseru anoenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuviri kuburikidza neropa kana iyo lymphatic system. Maseru eCancer anozoungana mune imwe nhengo yemuviri otanga kukura ipapo.

Ichi chinyorwa chinotarisana nekenza yekutanga yechiropa. Kana iwe uine kenza mune imwe nhengo usati wagadzira gomarara rechiropa, ndapota ona chinyorwa chedu nezvechiropa metastasis kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve sekenza yechiropa kenza.

Ndeapi marudzi akasiyana ekenza yechiropa yekutanga?

Mhando dzakasiyana dzekenza yechiropa yekutanga inotangira kubva kumasero akasiyana anoita chiropa. Kenza yechiropa yepakutanga inogona kutanga sebundu rimwe richikura muchiropa, kana inogona kutanga munzvimbo zhinji mukati mechiropa panguva imwe chete.

Vanhu vane kukuvara kwechiropa kwakanyanya vanowanzo kuve nenzvimbo dzakawanda dzekukura kwekenza. Mhando huru dzekenza yechiropa yekutanga ndeiyi:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), inozivikanwawo sehepatoma, ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa kenza yechiropa, inoverengera makumi manomwe neshanu muzana muzana yekenza yechiropa.

Aya mamiriro anokura mu hepatocyte, ayo ari akakosha echiropa maseru. Inogona kupararira kubva pachiropa ichienda kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri, senge rwatata, ura uye mudumbu.

HCC inonyanya kuitika kune vanhu vane kukuvara kwakakomba kwechiropa nekuda kwekunwisa doro.

Cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma, inowanzo kuzivikanwa sekenza yenyuchi, inowedzera mune diki, chubhu-senge bile ducts muchiropa. Aya ma ducts anotakura bile kuenda kune nduru kubatsira nekubaya.

Kana gomarara rikatanga muchikamu chema ducts mukati mechiropa, inonzi intrahepatic bile duct cancer. Kana gomarara ratanga muchikamu chemadhiri ari kunze kwechiropa, inonzi extrahepatic bile duct cancer.

Bheri duct cancer inoverengera angangoita gumi kusvika makumi maviri muzana ekenza dzese dzechiropa.

Chiropa angiosarcoma

Chiropa angiosarcoma chimiro chisingawanzo chekenza yechiropa iyo inotanga mumidziyo yeropa yechiropa. Rudzi urwu rwegomarara runoenderera mberi nekukurumidza zvakanyanya, saka zvinowanzoonekwa padanho repamberi.

Hepatoblastoma

Hepatoblastoma iri mhando isingawanzoitika yegomarara rechiropa. Inowanikwa nguva dzose muvana, kunyanya avo vari pasi pemakore matatu.

Nekuvhiya uye chemotherapy, iko kutarisa kwevanhu vane rudzi urwu rwegomarara kunogona kuve kwakanaka kwazvo. Kana hepatoblastoma ichionekwa mumatanho ekutanga, mwero wekupona uri pamusoro pe90 muzana.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvegomarara rechiropa?

Vanhu vazhinji havawani zviratidzo mumatanho ekutanga ekenza yechiropa yekutanga. Kana zviratidzo zvikaonekwa, zvinogona kusanganisira:

• kusagadzikana mudumbu, kurwadziwa, uye unyoro
• yero yeganda uye machena eziso, iyo inonzi jaundice
• chena, chalky stools
• kusvotwa
• kurutsa
• kupwanya kana kubuda ropa nyore
• kushaya simba
• kuneta

Ndiani ari panjodzi yekenza yechiropa?

Vanachiremba havana chokwadi nei vamwe vanhu vachiwana gomarara rechiropa asi vamwe vasina. Nekudaro, pane zvimwe zvinhu zvinozivikanwa kuwedzera njodzi yekuva nekenza yechiropa:

• Kenza yechiropa inowanzoitika kune vanhu vanopfuura makore makumi mashanu.
• Iyo yakareba-nguva hepatitis B kana C hutachiona inogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya chiropa chako. Hepatitis inopararira ichibva pamunhu-kuenda-kumunhu kuburikidza nekubata zvakananga nemvura yemumuviri yemunhu ane hutachiona, senge ropa ravo kana urume. Inogona zvakare kupfuudzwa kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana panguva yekusununguka. Iwe unogona kudzikisa njodzi yako yehepatitis B uye C nekushandisa chengetedzo panguva yepabonde. Kune zvakare jekiseni rinokwanisa kukudzivirira kubva kuhepatitis B.
• Kuva nezvinwiwa zviviri kana kupfuura zvinodhakwa zuva rega rega pamusoro pemakore mazhinji zvinowedzera mukana wako wekenza yechiropa.
• Cirrhosis inzira yekukuvara kwechiropa umo hutano hwakanaka hunotsiviwa nemavara ane vanga. Chiropa chakatsvuka hachigone kushanda nemazvo uye chinogona kupedzisira chaunza matambudziko akawanda, kusanganisira gomarara rechiropa. Kunwa doro kwenguva refu uye hepatitis C ndizvo zvinonyanya kukonzera cirrhosis muUnited States. Ruzhinji rwevaAmerica vane gomarara rechiropa vane cirrhosis vasati vaita gomarara rechiropa.
• Kujekesa kune aflatoxin chinhu chinenjodzi. Aflatoxin chinhu chine chepfu chinogadzirwa nerudzi rweforoma inogona kukura nzungu, zviyo, uye chibage. MuUnited States, mitemo inobata chikafu inogumira kuratidzira kune aflatoxin. Kunze kwenyika, zvakadaro, aflatoxin kuratidzwa kunogona kuve kwakakwirira.
• Chirwere cheshuga uye kufutisa zvakare zvine njodzi. Vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga vanowanzo nyanyisa kana kufutisa, izvo zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko echiropa uye nekuwedzera njodzi yekenza yechiropa.

Kenza yechiropa inoonekwa sei?

Iko kuongororwa kwekenza yechiropa kunotanga nenhoroondo yezvokurapa uye kuongororwa kwemuviri. Ive neshuwa yekuudza chiremba wako kana iwe uine nhoroondo yekureba-kwenguva refu kunwisa doro kana chisingaperi hepatitis B kana C hutachiona.

Kuongororwa kuongororwa uye maitiro ekenza yechiropa anosanganisira anotevera:

• Chiropa chinoshanda bvunzo dzinobatsira chiremba wako kuona hutano hwechiropa chako nekuyera huwandu hwemapuroteni, enzyme enzyme, uye bilirubin muropa rako.
• Kuvapo kweAlpha-fetoprotein (AFP) muropa kunogona kuva chiratidzo chegomarara rechiropa. Iyi protein inowanzo gadzirwa muchiropa uye yolk sac yevana vasati vazvarwa. Kugadzirwa kweAFP kunowanzo mira mushure mekuzvarwa.
• Abdominal CT kana MRI inoongorora inoburitsa yakadzama mifananidzo yechiropa uye dzimwe nhengo mudumbu. Vanogona kubvumira chiremba wako kuti ataure apo bundu riri kukura, kuona kukura kwaro, uye kuongorora kana rapararira kune dzimwe nhengo.

Chiropa biopsy

Imwe bvunzo yekuongorora inowanikwa chiropa biopsy. Chiropa chiropa chinosanganisira kubvisa chidimbu chiduku chechiropa. Izvo zvinowanzoitwa uchishandisa anesthesia kudzivirira iwe kubva pakunzwa chero kurwadziwa panguva yekuita.

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, tsono biopsy inoitwa. Munguva iyi maitiro, chiremba wako anozoisa tsono yakatetepa kuburikidza nedumbu rako uye muchiropa chako kuti utore sampuro yetishu. Muenzaniso unobva waongororwa pasi pe microscope yezviratidzo zvegomarara.

Chiropa chiropa chinogona kuitwawo uchishandisa laparoscope, inova mutete, inoshanduka chubhu ine kamera yakasungirirwa. Iyo kamera inobvumira chiremba wako kuti aone kuti chiropa chinotaridzika sei uye kuti aite yakanyatsojeka biopsy.

Iyo laparoscope inoiswa kuburikidza nekacheka kucheka mudumbu. Kana zvimisikidzo zvinyoro kubva kune dzimwe nhengo zvichidikanwa, chiremba wako anozoita yakakura incision. Izvi zvinonzi laparotomy.

Kana gomarara rechiropa rikawanikwa, chiremba wako anoona danho rekenza. Staging inotsanangura kuomarara kana kukura kwecancer. Inogona kubatsira chiremba wako kuona nzira dzako dzekurapa uye maonero ako. Chikamu chechina chikamu chepamusoro chekenza yechiropa.

Kenza yechiropa inorapwa sei?

Kurapa kwekenza yechiropa kunosiyana. Zvinoenderana ne:

• huwandu, hukuru, uye nzvimbo yemamota ari muchiropa
• chiropa chiri kushanda sei
• kana cirrhosis iripo
• kuti bundu rapararira kune dzimwe nhengo here

Yako chaiyo yekurapa chirongwa ichave inoenderana nezve izvi zvinhu. Zvirwere zvekenza yechiropa zvinogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

Hepatectomy

Hepatectomy inoitwa kubvisa chero chikamu chechiropa kana chese chiropa. Kuvhiya uku kunowanzoitwa kana gomarara rakangovharirwa muchiropa. Nekufamba kwenguva, zvinyama zvasara zvine hutano zvinodzoka uye kutsiva chikamu chisipo.

Chiropa chinotamisa

Kuisa chiropa kunosanganisira kutsiva chiropa chose chine chirwere nechiropa chine hutano kubva kune anopa akakodzera. Kuisazve kunogona kuitwa chete kana gomarara risina kupararira kune dzimwe nhengo. Mishonga yekudzivirira kurambwa inopihwa mushure mekuiswazve.

Kubvisa

Kubvisa kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwekupisa kana ethanol majekiseni kuparadza gomarara maseru. Inoitwa uchishandisa anesthesia yemuno. Izvi zvinopinza nzvimbo yacho kudzivirira kuti usanzwa chero kurwadziwa. Ablation inogona kubatsira vanhu vasina kukwikwidza kuvhiyiwa kana kuisirwa.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy inzira ine hukasha yekurapa kwezvinodhaka iyo inoparadza cancer maseru. Mishonga inorowa mukati, kana kuburikidza nemutsinga. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, chemotherapy inogona kupihwa sekunze kurapwa.

Chemotherapy inogona kushanda pakurapa kenza yechiropa, asi vanhu vazhinji vanowana mhedzisiro panguva yekurapa, kusanganisira kurutsa, kuderera kwechido, uye kutonhora. Chemotherapy inogona zvakare kuwedzera njodzi yako yehutachiona.

Radiation kurapa

Radiation kurapa kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwepamusoro-simba radiation matanda kuuraya cancer maseru. Inogona kununurwa neyekunze beam radiation kana nemukati radiation.

Mune ekunze beam radiation, iyo radiation inotarisana nedumbu uye chipfuva. Radiation yemukati inosanganisira kushandiswa kwekateti kuisa jekiseni reredhiyo mukati meiyo arter hepatic.

Iyo radiation inozoparadza iyo hepatic artery, iro reropa reropa rinopa ropa kuchiropa. Izvi zvinoderedza huwandu hweropa kuyerera kune bundu. Kana iyo hepatic artery ikavharwa, iyo portal vein inoramba ichisimbisa chiropa.

Targeted kurapwa

Kurapa kwakanangwa kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwemishonga yakagadzirirwa kurova cancer maseru kwavanotambura. Ivo vanoderedza bundu kukura uye vanobatsira kuvhara pasi reropa kune iro bundu.

Sorafenib (Nexavar) yakagamuchirwa seyakananga kurapwa kune vanhu vane gomarara rechiropa. Kurapa kwakanangidzirwa kunogona kubatsira kune vanhu vasina kukwikwidza hepatectomy kana chiropa chekuisa.

Kurapa kwakanangidzirwa kunogona, zvisinei, kuve nemhedzisiro.

Embolization uye chemoembolization

Embolization uye chemoembolization maitiro ekuvhiya. Izvo zvaitwa kuvhara iyo hepatic arteri. Chiremba wako anoshandisa madiki masiponji kana zvimwe zvidimbu kuita izvi. Izvi zvinoderedza huwandu hweropa kuyerera kune bundu.

Mune chemoembolization, chiremba wako anopinza chemotherapy mishonga mune yehepatic arteri zvisati zvaiswa majekiseni. Iko kuvharirwa kwakagadzirwa kunochengeta chemotherapy mishonga muchiropa kwenguva yakareba.

Kenza yechiropa ingadzivirirwa sei?

Kenza yechiropa haigone kudzivirirwa nguva dzose. Nekudaro, iwe unoderedza njodzi yako yekenza yechiropa nekutora matanho ekudzivirira kukura kwemamiriro anogona kutungamira kukenza yechiropa.

Tora mushonga we hepatitis B

Kune mushonga we hepatitis B uyo vana vese vanofanirwa kugamuchira. Vakuru vari panjodzi huru yekutapukirwa (sevaya vanoshungurudza mishonga inopinza) vanofanirwa kubaiwa jekiseni.

Mushonga unowanzo kupihwa zvakateedzana majekiseni matatu kwenguva inosvika mwedzi mitanhatu.

Tora matanho ekudzivirira hepatitis C

Iko hakuna mushonga we hepatitis C, asi iwe unogona kudzikisa njodzi yako yekuwana hutachiona nekuita zvinotevera:

• Shandisa kudzivirira. Gara uchidzidzira bonde rakachengeteka uchishandisa kondomu nevese vaunofambidzana navoIwe haufanire kumboita bonde risina dziviriro kunze kwekunge uine chokwadi chekuti mumwe wako haana kutapukirwa nehepatitis kana chero hutachiona hunopfuudzwa pabonde.
• Usashandise zvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo. Dzivisa kushandisa zvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo, kunyanya izvo zvinogona kuiswa jekiseni, senge heroin kana cocaine. Kana iwe usingakwanise kurega kushandisa zvinodhaka, ita shuwa kuti ushandise tsono isina kuchena nguva dzese dzaunozvibaya. Usambofa wakagovana tsono nevamwe vanhu.
• Ive nekuchengetera nezve matatoo uye kuboora. Enda kuchitoro chakavimbika pese paunobaya kana nyora. Bvunza vashandi nezve maitiro avo ekuchengetedza uye ita shuwa kuti vanoshandisa tsono dzisina kuchena.

Deredza njodzi yako yechirrhosis

Iwe unogona kudzikisa njodzi yako yechirrhosis nekuita zvinotevera:

Ingonwa doro zvine mwero

Kudzikamisa huwandu hwedoro raunonwa kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira kukuvara kwechiropa. Vakadzi havafanirwe kunwa zvinopfuura kamwe chete pazuva, uye varume havafanirwe kunwa zvinopfuura zviviri pazuva.

Chengetedza huremu hune hutano

Kurovedza muviri kwemaminitsi makumi matatu kanokwana katatu pavhiki kunogona kukubatsira kuti urambe uine huremu.

Kudya kudya kwakaringana kwakakoshawo pakutarisira uremu. Ita shuwa kuti iwe unosanganisa akaonda mapuroteni, zviyo zvakakwana, uye miriwo kana michero mune yakawanda yekudya kwako.

Kana iwe uchida kudzikira uremu, wedzera iwo huwandu hwekurovedza muviri iwe kwaunoita zuva rega rega uye udzikise huwandu hweekoriori iwe waunoshandisa.

Iwe unogona zvakare kufunga nezve kusangana nemudyiti. Vanogona kukubatsira iwe kugadzira chirongwa chekudya uye kurovedza muviri chiitiko icho chinokutendera iwe kuzadzisa yako uremu zvinangwa nekukurumidza.

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Kutsungirira nekenza yechiropa

Kenza yechiropa kuongororwa kunogona kukuvadza. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uve nesimba rakasimba rekutsigira iro rinogona kukubatsira iwe kubata chero kushushikana kana kushushikana kwaungave uchinzwa.

Iwe ungangoda kuona chipangamazano uyo anogona kukubatsira iwe kugadzirisa kuburikidza nemanzwiro ako. Iwe unogona zvakare kuda kufunga kujoina boka rekutsigira gomarara uko iwe kwaunogona kukurukura zvako zvinokunetsa nevamwe vanogona kuenderana nezvauri kupfuura nazvo.

Kumbira chiremba wako pamusoro pemapoka ekutsigira munharaunda yako. Iwe unogona zvakare kuwana ruzivo pamapoka ekutsigira pane uye neAmerican Cancer Society mawebhusaiti.