Kufutisa

Zvemukati

• Chii chinonzi kufutisa?
• Kufutisa kunoiswa sei?
• Chii chinonzi kufutisa kwehucheche?
• Chii chinokonzera kufutisa?
• Ndiani ari panjodzi yekufutisa?
• Genetics
• Zvakatipoteredza uye nharaunda
• Zvepfungwa uye zvimwe zvinhu
• Kufutisa kunoonekwa sei?
• Ndeapi matambudziko ekusimba?
• Kuneta kunorapwa sei?
• Ndeapi mararamiro uye maitiro ekuchinja anogona kubatsira nekudzikisa uremu?
• Ndeapi mishonga anonyorerwa uremu?
• Ndedzipi mhando dzekuremerwa kurasikirwa nekuvhiyiwa?
• Vanoda kuvhiyiwa
• Unogona sei kudzivirira kufutisa?

Chii chinonzi kufutisa?

Body mass index (BMI) kukarukureta kunotora huremu hwemunhu uye kukwirira kwake kuita huremu hwekuyera kukura kwemuviri.

Muvanhu vakuru, kufutisa kunotsanangurwa sekuve neBMI ye, zvinoenderana neCentre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Kufutisa kwakabatana nenjodzi yakakwira yezvirwere zvakakomba, senge rudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga, chirwere chemwoyo, uye gomarara.

Kufutisa kunowanzoitika. ICDC inofungidzira kuti veAmerica vane makore makumi maviri kana makumi maviri ekuberekwa vane kufutisa muna2017 kusvika 2018.

Asi BMI haisi zvese. Iine zvimwe zviyero semetric.

Zvinoenderana neizvi: "Zvinhu zvakaita sezera, bonde, dzinza, uye mhasuru zvinogona kukanganisa hukama pakati peBMI nemafuta emuviri. Zvakare, BMI haina kusiyanisa pakati pemafuta akawandisa, mhasuru, kana pfupa, uye haipe chero chiratidzo chekugoverwa kwemafuta pakati pevanhu. "

Kunyangwe paine zviyero izvi, BMI inoenderera ichishandiswa zvakanyanya senzira yekuyera kukura kwemuviri.

Kufutisa kunoiswa sei?

Izvi zvinotevera zvinoshandiswa kune vanhu vakuru vane makore angangoita makumi maviri ekuberekwa:

Chii chinonzi kufutisa kwehucheche?

Kuti chiremba aongorore mwana anopfuura makore maviri kana wechidiki ane kufutisa, BMI yavo inofanirwa kuve iri mukati mevanhu vezera ravo uye bonde rekubereka:

Kubva 2015 kusvika 2016, (kana vangangoita mamirioni 13.7) vechidiki veAmerica vari pakati pemakore maviri negumi nemapfumbamwe ekuberekwa vaifungidzirwa kuva nehutano hwekiriniki.

Chii chinokonzera kufutisa?

Kudya macalorie akawanda kupfuura iwe kupisa muzviitiko zvezuva nezuva uye kurovedza muviri - pane yakareba-hwaro - zvinogona kutungamira kukufutisa. Nekufamba kwenguva, aya mamwe macalorie anowedzera kumusoro uye anokonzera kurema kuwedzera.

Asi hazviwanzo nguva dzose nezve macalorie mukati uye macalorie kunze, kana kuva nehupenyu hwekugara. Kunyange izvo zviri izvo chaizvo zvikonzero zvekufutisa, zvimwe zvikonzero iwe zvausingakwanise kuzvidzora.

Zvinowanzoitika zvikonzero zvekufutisa zvinosanganisira:

• genetics, iyo inogona kukanganisa mashandiro anoita muviri wako chikafu musimba uye kuti mafuta anochengetwa sei
• kukura, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kushomeka kwemhasuru mashoma uye zvishoma nezvishoma metabolic rate, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuwana huremu
• kusarara zvakakwana, izvo zvinogona kukonzeresa shanduko yehormone inoita kuti unzwe nzara uye unoshuva zvimwe zvekudya zvine mafuta akawanda
• nhumbu, sehuremu hunowanikwa panguva yepamuviri zvinogona kunetsa kurasikirwa uye zvinogona kupedzisira zvaita kuti ufutise

Humwe mamiriro ehutano anogona zvakare kutungamira mukuwedzera huremu, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kufutisa. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), mamiriro anokonzera kusaenzana kwemadzimai ekubereka mahormone
• Prader-Willi chirwere, chiitiko chisingawanzo chiripo pakuzvarwa chinokonzera nzara yakawandisa
• Cushing syndrome, iyo mamiriro anokonzerwa nekuve yakakwira cortisol mazinga (iyo yekumanikidza mahormone) mune yako system
• hypothyroidism (utachiona husingashande), mamiriro ayo iyo gland yegland haina kuburitsa yakakwana mamwe mahormone akakosha
• osteoarthritis (OA) uye mamwe mamiriro anokonzeresa marwadzo ayo anogona kutungamira kudzikisira chiitiko

Ndiani ari panjodzi yekufutisa?

Musanganiswa wakaomarara wezvinhu unogona kuwedzera njodzi yemunhu kufutisa.

Genetics

Vamwe vanhu vane magene anoita kuti zvivaomere kuti vadzikire uremu.

Zvakatipoteredza uye nharaunda

Nharaunda yako kumba, kuchikoro, uye munharaunda yako zvese zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro uye zvaunodya, uye kuti unoshingairira sei.

Iwe unogona kunge uri panjodzi yakakwira yekufutisa kana iwe:

• gara munharaunda ine sarudzo shoma dzekudya dzakanaka kana nesarudzo dzakakwira-macalorie, senge maresitoreti anokurumidza-chikafu
• hausati wadzidza kubika chikafu chine hutano
• usafunge kuti unokwanisa kutenga chikafu chine hutano
• nzvimbo yakanaka yekutamba, kufamba, kana kurovedza muviri munharaunda yako

Zvepfungwa uye zvimwe zvinhu

Kushungurudzika dzimwe nguva kunogona kutungamira mukuwedzera huremu, sevamwe vanhu vanogona kutendeukira kuchikafu chekunyaradza kwepamoyo. Zvimwe zvinodzvinyirira zvinogona zvakare kuwedzera njodzi yekuwedzera huremu.

Kurega kusvuta nguva dzose chinhu chakanaka, asi kurega kunogona kutungamirira kukuwedzera uremu zvakare. Mune vamwe vanhu, zvinogona kutungamira mukuwedzera huremu. Nechikonzero ichocho, zvakakosha kuti utarise pane kudya uye kurovedza muviri paunenge uchirega, zvirinani mushure menguva yekutanga yekurega.

Mishonga, yakadai sesteroids kana mapiritsi ekudzivirira kuberekwa, inogona zvakare kukwidza njodzi yako yekuwedzera huremu.

Kufutisa kunoonekwa sei?

BMI kuverenga kwakaomarara kwehuremu hwemunhu maererano nehurefu hwavo.

Dzimwe nhanho dzakaringana dzemafuta emuviri uye kugoverwa kwemafuta emuviri dzinosanganisira:

• bvunzo dzehupamhi hweganda
• chiuno-ku-chiuno kuenzanisa
• kuongorora bvunzo, senge ultrasound, CT scans, uye MRI inoongorora

Chiremba wako anogona zvakare kuraira mimwe bvunzo kuti ubatsire kuongorora njodzi dzehutano dzakabatana. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira:

• kuongororwa kweropa kuongorora cholesterol uye glucose mazinga
• chiropa chinoshanda bvunzo
• kuongorora chirwere cheshuga
• bvunzo dzechirwere chetachiona
• bvunzo dzemwoyo, senge electrocardiogram (ECG kana EKG)

Chiyero chemafuta chakakomberedza chiuno chako zvakare chirevo chakanaka chengozi yako yezvirwere zvine chekuita nekufutisa.

Ndeapi matambudziko ekusimba?

Kufutisa kunogona kutungamira kune zvinopfuura kungorerutsa huremu.

Kuva nechiyero chakakwira chemafuta emuviri kune mhasuru kunoisa kuomesa pamapfupa ako pamwe nenhengo dzako dzemukati. Izvo zvinowedzerawo kuzvimba mumuviri, izvo zvinofungidzirwa kuve njodzi kune kenza. Kufutisa zvakare iri njodzi huru yerudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga.

Kufutisa kwakabatanidzwa kune akati wandei matambudziko ehutano, mamwe acho anogona kutyisidzira hupenyu kana akasarapwa:

• mhando 2 chirwere cheshuga
• chirwere chemoyo
• BP
• mamwe kanzira (zamu, colon, uye endometrium)
• sitiroko
• nduru chirwere
• mafuta chiropa chirwere
• cholesterol yakawanda
• kurara kufema uye mamwe matambudziko ekufema
• arthritis
• kushaya mbereko

Kuneta kunorapwa sei?

Kana iwe uine kufutisa uye usingakwanise kuonda wega, rubatsiro rwekurapa rwuripo. Kutanga nachiremba wako wepamoyo wekutanga, uyo angangokwanisa kukuendesa kune anorema nyanzvi munharaunda yako.

Chiremba wako angangodawo kushanda newe sechikamu chechikwata chinokubatsira iwe kurasikirwa uremu. Chikwata ichocho chinogona kusanganisira chiremba wezvekudya, murapi, kana vamwe vashandi vezvehutano.

Chiremba wako achashanda newe pakuita inodiwa mararamiro ehupenyu. Dzimwe nguva, ivo vanogona kukurudzira mishonga kana yekuremerwa kurasikirwa kuvhiya zvakare. Dzidza zvakawanda nezve kurapwa kwekuneta.

Ndeapi mararamiro uye maitiro ekuchinja anogona kubatsira nekudzikisa uremu?

Boka rako rezvehutano rinogona kukudzidzisa iwe pasarudzo dzechikafu uye kubatsira kuvaka chirongwa chekudya chine hutano chinoshanda kwauri.

Iyo yakarongeka chirongwa chekurovedza muviri uye yakawedzera chiitiko chezuva nezuva - kusvika pamaminitsi mazana matatu pasvondo - zvinobatsira kuvaka simba rako, kutsungirira, uye metabolism.

Counselling kana mapoka ekutsigira anogona zvakare kuona zvisina kunaka zvinokonzeresa uye nekukubatsira iwe kukunda chero kushushikana, kushushikana, kana nyaya dzekudya pamoyo.

Mararamiro uye maitiro ekuchinja ndidzo nzira dzinodiwa dzekurasikirwa kwevana, kunze kwekunge ivo vakafuta zvakanyanya.

Ndeapi mishonga anonyorerwa uremu?

Chiremba wako anogona zvakare kuraira imwe mishonga yekuremerwa uremu mishonga mukuwedzera pakudya uye zvirongwa zvekurovedza muviri.

Mishonga inowanzo gadzirirwa chete kana dzimwe nzira dzekuderedza uremu dzisina kushanda uye kana uine BMI ye27.0 kana zvimwe mukuwedzera kune zvine chekuita nehutano hwehutano.

Kunyora uremu kurasikirwa nemishonga kunogona kudzivirira kunwa kwemafuta kana kudzvinyirira chishuwo. Izvi zvinotevera kubvumidzwa kwekushandisa kwenguva refu (angangoita mavhiki gumi nemaviri) neKudya neDrug Administration (FDA):

• phentermine / topiramate (Qsymia)
• naltrexone / bupropion (Contrave)
• liraglutide (Saxenda)
• orlistat (Alli, Xenical), ndiyo chete inogamuchirwa neDFA kuti ishandiswe muvana vane makore gumi nemaviri zvichikwira

Iyi mishonga inogona kuva nemhedzisiro isingafadzi. Semuenzaniso, orlistat inogona kutungamira kune oily uye kazhinji ura kufamba, ura kukurumidza, uye gasi.

Chiremba wako achakutarisa zvakanyanya paunenge uchitora mishonga iyi.

MunaFebruary 2020, iyo FDA yakakumbira kuti huremu hwekurasikirwa nemishonga lorcaserin (Belviq) ibviswe mumusika weUS. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwenhamba yekenza zviitiko muvanhu vakatora Belviq zvichienzaniswa ne placebo.

Kana iwe uri kutora Belviq, rega kuitora uye utaure nemupi wako wezvehutano mupi wezve dzimwe nzira dzekudzora huremu.

Dzidza zvakawanda nezve kubviswa uye pano.

Ndedzipi mhando dzekuremerwa kurasikirwa nekuvhiyiwa?

Kurera uremu kuvhiya kunowanzo kunzi kuvhiyiwa bariatric.

Rudzi urwu rwekuvhiya runoshanda nekuganhurira chikafu chakawanda chaunogona kudya zvakanaka kana nekudzivirira muviri wako kubva mukudya chikafu uye macalorie. Dzimwe nguva inogona kuita zvese.

Kurera uremu kuvhiya haisi yekukurumidza kugadzirisa. Iko kuvhiyiwa kukuru uye kunogona kuva nenjodzi dzakakomba. Mushure mezvo, vanhu vanovhiyiwa vanofanirwa kuchinja madyiro avanoita uye kuti vanodya zvakadii, kana kuti vangazorwara.

Nekudaro, sarudzo dzekuvhiya hadziwanzo kushanda pakubatsira vanhu vane kufutisa kurasikirwa nehuremu uye kudzikisa njodzi yavo yekukanganiswa.

Mhando dzekuvhiya uremu dzinosanganisira:

• Gastric bypass kuvhiyiwa. Mune maitiro aya, chiremba wako anovhiya anogadzira homwe diki kumusoro kwedumbu rako inobatana yakananga kuura hwako hudiki. Chikafu uye zvinwiwa zvinopinda nepahombodo uye zvichipinda mumatumbu, zvichidarika mazhinji emudumbu. Iyo inozivikanwawo seRoux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) kuvhiya.
• Laparoscopic inogadziriswa gastric bhendi (LAGB). LAGB inoparadzanisa dumbu rako mumabhegi maviri uchishandisa bhendi.
• Gastric sleeve kuvhiyiwa. Maitiro aya anobvisa chikamu chedumbu rako.
• Biliopancreatic diversion ine duodenal switch. Maitiro aya anobvisa akawanda emimba yako.

Vanoda kuvhiyiwa

Kwemakumi emakore, nyanzvi dzakakurudzira kuti vanhu vakuru vanovhotera uremu hwekuvhiya vane BMI inosvika makumi matatu neshanu (makirasi 2 ne3).

Nekudaro, mune 2018 nhungamiro, iyo American Society yeMetabolic uye Bariatric Kuvhiya (ASMBS) yakatsigira kuvhiya kwekuremerwa kwekuremerwa kwevakuru vane maBMI e30.0 kusvika 35.0 (kirasi 1) avo:

• vane hukama hwakabatana, kunyanya rudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga
• havana kuona mhedzisiro inotsigirwa kubva pakurapa kwekuvhiya, senge kudya uye kugadzirisa mararamiro

Kune vanhu vane kirasi 1 kufutisa, kuvhiya kunonyanya kushanda kune avo vari pakati pemakore gumi nemasere nemakore makumi matanhatu nemashanu ekuberekwa.

Vanhu vanowanzo fanirwa kurasikirwa nehuremu vasati vavhiyiwa. Pamusoro pezvo, ivo vanowanzoitirwa kurairwa kuti vaone kuti vese vakagadzirira pamoyo kuvhiyiwa uye vanoda kuita shanduko yemararamiro inodiwa iyo inoda.

Anove mashoma masisitimu ekuvhiya muUnited States anoita aya marudzi enzira pane vana vari pasi pemakore gumi nemasere.

Unogona sei kudzivirira kufutisa?

Pakave nekuwedzera kunoshamisa kwekufutisa uye muzvirwere zvine chekuita nekufutisa mumakumi emakore apfuura. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei nharaunda, nyika, uye hurumende yemubatanidzwa iri kuisa kukoshesa kusarudza zvine hutano chikafu uye zviitiko zvekubatsira kushandura mafambiro ekuneta.

Pamusoro pehutano hwako, iwe unogona kubatsira kudzivirira kuwedzera uremu uye kufutisa nekuita sarudzo dzakanaka dzehupenyu.

• Chinangwa chekurovedza muviri zvine mwero sekufamba, kushambira, kana kuchovha bhasikoro kwemaminitsi makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu zuva rega rega.
• Idya zvakanaka nekusarudza chikafu chinovaka muviri, semichero, miriwo, zviyo zvese, uye mapuroteni akaonda.
• Idya zvakakora-mafuta, zvakakwirira-koriori zvekudya zvine mwero.