Ndezvipi Zviratidzo Zvekutanga zve Ovarian Cancer uye Unozviona Sei?

Zvemukati

• Chii chinonzi ovarian cancer?
• Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvekutanga zvecancer ovarian?
• Mhando dzekenza yeovarian
• Ovarian cysts
• Njodzi zvinhu zvecancer ovarian
• Kenza yeovarian inoonekwa sei?
• Ndeapi matanho ecancer ovarian?
• Chikamu 1
• Chikamu 2
• Chikamu 3
• Chikamu 4
• Kurapwa kwecancer ovarian
• Kuvhiya
• Targeted kurapwa
• Kuchengetedza kubereka
• Ongororo yekenza yeOvarian uye zvidzidzo
• Kenza yeovarian inogona kudzivirirwa?
• Ndeapi maonero?
• Kupona kwehuwandu
• Makore mashanu-ehukama hwehukama hwecancer ovarian

Mazai aya maviri magezi ekuzvara echikadzi anoburitsa ova, kana mazai. Ivo zvakare vanogadzira echikadzi mahormone estrogen uye progesterone.

Vanenge vakadzi mazana maviri nemazana manomwe nemakumi manomwe muUnited States vanogashira chirwere chegomarara rekuvhunika mu2020, uye vangangoita zviuru gumi nezvina vakadzi vachafa nazvo.

Mune ino chinyorwa iwe unowana ruzivo nezve ovari kenza inosanganisira:

• zviratidzo
• mhando
• njodzi
• kuongorora chirwere
• matanho
• kurapwa
• tsvakurudzo
• mitengo yekupona

Chii chinonzi ovarian cancer?

Gomarara reOvarian ndipo apo masero asina kujairika muovary anotanga kuwanda kunze kwekudzora uye kuumba bundu. Kana ikasiiwa isina kurapwa, bundu rinogona kupararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri. Izvi zvinonzi metastatic ovarian cancer.

Gomarara reOvarian rinowanzove nezviratidzo zvekunyevera, asi zviratidzo zvekutanga hazvina kujeka uye zviri nyore kudzinga. Makumi maviri muzana emakenza eovarian anoonekwa padanho rekutanga.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvekutanga zvecancer ovarian?

Zviri nyore kukanganwa zviratidzo zvekutanga zvegomarara rezvipembenene nekuti zvakafanana nezvimwe zvirwere zvakajairika kana kuti zvinowanzouya nekuenda. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvinosanganisira:

• kudumbu kwepamuviri, kumanikidza, uye kurwadziwa
• kuzara kusina kujairika mushure mekudya
• kunetseka kudya
• kuwedzera kwekuita weti
• kuwedzerwa kuda kuita weti

Gomarara reOvarian rinogona zvakare kukonzera zvimwe zviratidzo, senge:

• kuneta
• kugaya
• chirungurira
• kuvimbiswa
• kurwadziwa shure
• kutadza kuenda kumwedzi
• kusangana kunorwadza
• dermatomyositis (chirwere chisingawanzo kupisa chinogona kukonzera kuputika kweganda, kushaya simba kwemhasuru, uye mhasuru dzinopisa)

Zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kuitika kune chero huwandu hwezvikonzero. Izvo hazvisi izvo hazvo zvinokonzerwa nekenza yemazai. Vakadzi vazhinji vane mamwe ematambudziko aya panguva imwe kana imwe.

Aya marudzi ezviratidzo anowanzo kuve echinguvana uye anopindura kurapa kuri nyore mune dzakawanda zviitiko.

Zviratidzo zvicharamba zviripo kana zviri zvecancer yechibereko. Zviratidzo zvinowanzo kuve zvakanyanya kukura sezvo bundu rinokura. Panguva ino, gomarara rinowanzopararira kunze kwemazai, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kurapa zvinobudirira.

Zvakare, kanzura inorapwa zvakanaka kana ikaonekwa kare. Ndokumbirawo ubvunze nachiremba wako kana iwe ukawana zviratidzo zvitsva uye zvisina kujairika.

Mhando dzekenza yeovarian

Mazai acho anoumbwa nemhando nhatu dzemasero. Sero rega rega rinogona kukura kuita rakasiyana mhando yebundu:

• Epithelial bundu fomu mune yakatetepa yetishu kunze kwemazai. Inenge makumi mapfumbamwe muzana muzana emakenza eovarian epithelial tumors.
• Stromal mamota inokura mumasero anogadzira mahormone. Makumi manomwe muzana emakenza eovarian ndiwo stromal tumors.
• Germ cell maseru inokura mumasero anogadzira zai. Utachiona hwemajeri hutachiona hahuwanzoitika.

Ovarian cysts

Mazhinji ovarian cysts haana kenza. Izvi zvinonzi benign cysts. Zvisinei, nhamba shomanana inogona kuva nekenza.

Ovarian cyst muunganidzwa wemvura kana mweya unopinda mukati kana kutenderedza ovary. Mazhinji ovarian cysts anoumba sechikamu chakajairika cheovulation, inova iyo ovary inoburitsa zai. Ivo vanowanzo kungokonzera zvinyoro zviratidzo, sekuzvimba, uye kuenda vasina kurapwa.

Mapundu anonyanya kunetsekana kana usiri ovulating. Vakadzi vanomira kuputika mushure mekuguma kuenda kumwedzi. Kana cyst ovarian mafomu mushure mekuguma kuenda kumwedzi, chiremba wako angangoda kuita mimwe miedzo kuti awane chikonzero checyst, kunyanya kana iri hombe kana kuti isingaendi mukati memwedzi mishoma.

Kana iyo cyst ikasaenda, chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira kuvhiyiwa kuti abvise zvingangoitika. Chiremba wako haakwanise kuona kana iri cancer kusvikira vaibvisa pakuvhiya.

Njodzi zvinhu zvecancer ovarian

Chikonzero chaicho checancer ovarian hachizivikanwe. Zvisinei, izvi zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yako:

• nhoroondo yemhuri yekenza yemazai
• magene ekushanduka kwemajini anoenderana nekenza yemazai, senge BRCA1 kana BRCA2
• nhoroondo yega yezamu, chibereko, kana gomarara rekoloni
• kufutisa
• kushandiswa kwemimwe mishonga yekubereka kana mahormone ekurapa
• hapana nhoroondo yekuzvitakura
• endometriosis

Kukwegura ndechimwe chikonzero chengozi. Mazhinji kesi ekenza yeovarian inokura mushure mekupera kwemwedzi.

Izvo zvinokwanisika kuve nekenza yemazai pasina kuva neaya eaya njodzi zvinhu. Saizvozvo, kuve nechero chezviitiko zvengozi hazvireve kuti uchaita gomarara remazai.

Kenza yeovarian inoonekwa sei?

Zviri nyore kwazvo kurapa kenza yeovari kana chiremba wako akaiongorora mumatanho ekutanga. Zvisinei, hazvisi nyore kuona.

Mazai ako akaiswa zvakadzika mukati medumbu remudumbu, saka haugone kunzwa bundu. Iko hakuna kujairika kuongororwa kuongororwa kunowanikwa kune ovarian cancer. Ndicho chikonzero nei zvichikosha kuti iwe utaure zvisina kujairika kana zvinoramba zviripo kune chiremba wako.

Kana chiremba wako achinetseka kuti une kenza yeovari, ivo vangangokurudzira kuongorora kwepamuviri. Kuita bvunzo dzechiuno kunogona kubatsira chiremba wako kuti aone zvisina kufanira, asi tumamota tudiki temaovari twakanyanya kunetseka kunzwa.

Sezvo bundu rinokura, rinotsikirira padundira uye rectum. Chiremba wako anogona kunge achikwanisa kuona zvisina kufanira panguva yekuongorora kwepelvogginal pelvic.

Chiremba wako anogona zvakare kuita bvunzo dzinotevera:

• Transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS). TVUS imhando yekuyedza imaging iyo inoshandisa masaisai ezwi kuona mamota munhengo dzekubereka, kusanganisira mazamu. Nekudaro, TVUS haigone kubatsira chiremba wako kuona kana mamota ane cancer.
• Abdominal uye pelvic CT scan. Kana iwe uri weergoria kune dhayi, ivo vanogona kuraira pelvic MRI scan.
• Ropa bvunzo kuyera cancer cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) mazinga. A CA-125 bvunzo biomarker iyo inoshandiswa kuongorora kurapwa kwecancer ovarian uye imwe yekenza yemitezo yekubereka. Nekudaro, kuenda kumwedzi, uterine fibroids, uye kenza yemukati inokanganisa maCA-125 mazinga muropa.
• Biopsy. Bhiopsy inosanganisira kubvisa kamuenzaniso kadiki kenyama kubva muovary uye kuongorora sampuro pasi pe microscope.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti, kunyangwe zvese izvi bvunzo zvichikwanisa kubatsira kutungamira chiremba wako kuenda kunoongororwa, biopsy ndiyo chete nzira iyo chiremba wako anogona kuratidza kana uine kenza yeovari.

Ndeapi matanho ecancer ovarian?

Chiremba wako anosarudza danho zvichienderana nekuti gomarara rapararira zvakadii. Kune madanho mana, uye danho rega rega rine zvinomira.

Chikamu 1

Chikamu 1 kenza yeovari ine matatu ekumisikidza:

• Chikamu 1A.Iyo kenza inogumira, kana inowanikwa munzvimbo imwe, kune ovary imwe.
• Chikamu 1B. Gomarara iri mumazai maviri.
• Chikamu 1C. Kune zvakare masero ekenza kunze kweiyo ovary.

Chikamu 2

Muchikamu chechipiri, bundu racho rapararira kune dzimwe nhurikidzwa. Iine zvigaro zviviri:

• Chikamu 2A. Gomarara rapararira muchibereko kana pamazamu.
• Chikamu 2B. Gomarara rapararira kudundira kana puru.

Chikamu 3

Stage 3 kenza yemazai ine matatu madiki-matanho:

• Chikamu 3A. Gomarara rakaparadzira microscopically kupfuura pechiuno kusvika kumucheto wedumbu uye ma "lymph node" mudumbu.
• Chikamu 3B. Maseru egomarara akapararira kupfuura chiuno kusvika kumucheto wedumbu uye anoonekwa kune ziso rakashama asi anoyera asingasviki 2 cm.
• Chikamu 3C. Madhipatimendi ekenza kanokwana 3/4 ye inch anoonekwa padumbu kana kunze kwepleen kana chiropa. Zvisinei, kenza haisi mukati me spleen kana chiropa.

Chikamu 4

Muchikamu chechina, bundu rakasimbisa, kana kupararira, kupfuura pelvis, dumbu, uye lymph node kuchiropa kana mapapu. Pane zvimisikidzwa zviviri muchikamu chechina:

• In nhanho 4A, masero ane gomarara ari mune mvura yakatenderedza mapapu.
• In danho 4B, danho repamberi, maseru asvika mukati mepeke kana chiropa kana kunyangwe dzimwe nhengo dziri kure seganda kana huropi.

Kurapwa kwecancer ovarian

Mushonga unoenderana nekuti kenza yapararira zvakadii. Chikwata chevanachiremba chichaona chirongwa chekurapa zvinoenderana nemamiriro ako ezvinhu. Zvingangodaro zvinosanganisira zviviri kana kupfuura zvinotevera:

• chemotherapy
• kuvhiyiwa kuti ndiite cancer uye kubvisa bundu
• yakanangwa kurapwa
• kurapa kwehomoni

Kuvhiya

Kuvhiya ndiko kurapwa kukuru kwecancer ovarian.

Chinangwa chekuvhiyiwa kubvisa bundu, asi hysterectomy, kana kubviswa kwakazara kwechibereko, kunowanzo fanirwa.

Chiremba wako anogona zvakare kukurudzira kubvisa ese maovari uye fallopian machubhu, padyo lymph node, uye mamwe pelvic tishu.

Kuziva nzvimbo dzese dzemota kunonetsa.

Mune kumwe kuongorora, vaongorori vakaferefeta nzira dzekusimudzira chirongwa chekuvhiya kuitira kuti zvive nyore kubvisa zvese zvegomarara.

Targeted kurapwa

Kurapa kwakanangidzirwa, senge chemotherapy, kurwisa maseru egomarara uku kuchikanganisa zvishoma kumasero akajairwa mumuviri.

Nyowani yakanangwa marapirwo ekurapa epithelial ovarian cancer inosanganisira PARP inhibitors, iri mishonga inovhara enzyme inoshandiswa nemasero kugadzirisa kukuvara kweDNA yavo.

Yokutanga PARP inhibitor yakagamuchirwa muna2014 kuti ishandiswe mukenza yepamusoro yeovarian iyo yakange yamborapwa kare nemitsara mitatu yechemotherapy (zvichireva kanodzokororwa kaviri).

Iwo matatu PARP inhibitors aripo parizvino anosanganisira:

• olaparib (Lynparza)
• niraparib (Zejula)
• rucaparib (Rubraca)

Kuwedzerwa kwemumwe mushonga, bevacizumab (Avastin), wakashandiswawo nekemotherapy mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

Kuchengetedza kubereka

Kurapwa kwekenza, kusanganisira chemotherapy, radiation, uye kuvhiyiwa, kunogona kukuvadza nhengo dzako dzekubereka, zvoita kuti zviome kuve nepamuviri.

Kana iwe uchida kuve nepamuviri mune ramangwana, taura nachiremba wako usati watanga kurapwa. Vanogona kukurukura zvaunogona kuita kuti uchengetedze kubereka kwako.

Sarudzo dzinogona kuitika dzekuchengetedza mbereko dzinosanganisira:

• Embryo inotonhora. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutonhodza zai rakauchiswa.
• Oocyte inotonhora. Maitiro aya anosanganisira kutonhodza mazai asina kugadzirwa.
• Kuvhiya kuchengetedza kubereka. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuvhiyiwa kunongobvisa ovary imwe chete uye nekuchengetedza ovary ine hutano kunogona kuitwa. Izvi zvinowanzo goneka mukenza yekutanga ovarian cancer.
• Ovarian tishu kuchengetedzwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kubvisa uye kutonhora huturu hweovarian kuti ushandise mune ramangwana.
• Kudzvinyirira Ovari. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutora mahormone kudzvinyirira ovari basa kwenguva pfupi.

Ongororo yekenza yeOvarian uye zvidzidzo

Mishonga mitsva yekenza yeovarian inodzidzwa gore rega rega.

Vatsvagiri vari kuongororawo nzira nyowani dzekurapa gomarara rinodzivirira ovarian cancer. Kana platinum kuramba kunoitika, yakajairwa yekutanga-mutsara chemotherapy zvinodhaka senge carboplatin uye cisplatin hazvishande.

Iyo ramangwana rePARP inhibitors ichave iri mukucherechedza kuti ndeipi mimwe mishonga inogona kushandiswa mukubatana navo kurapa mamota anoratidza akasiyana maitiro.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mamwe marapiro anovimbisa akatanga miedzo yemakiriniki senge ingangove mushonga wekurwisa kenza dzinowanzoitika dzekenza dzinoratidzira mapuroteni ari mupenyu.

Muna Chivabvu 2020, zvakaburitswa kune ingangove nyowani antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) yekurapa gomarara rinodzivirira ovarian cancer.

Mishonga mitsva yakanangwa iri kuongororwa, kusanganisira antibody navicixizumab, iyo ATR inhibitor AZD6738, uye Wee1 inhibitor adavosertib. Zvese zvakaratidza zviratidzo zvekurwisa-bundu chiitiko.

kunanga majini emunhu kurapa kana kuporesa chirwere. Muna 2020, danho rechitatu kutongwa kweiyo gene therapy VB-111 (ofranergene obadenovec) yakaenderera mberi nemhedzisiro inovimbisa.

Muna 2018, iyo FDA yakatsvaga-kurapa kweprotein inonzi AVB-S6-500 yekenza yeplatinamu inodzivirira ovari. Izvi zvinotarisira kudzivirira bundu kukura uye cancer inopararira nekuvharira kiyi mamorekuru nzira.

Kuenderera mberi kwekiriniki kuyedza kusanganisa immunotherapy (iyo inobatsira immune system yemunhu kurwisa gomarara) nemarapirwo akatenderwa aratidza kuvimbisa.

Yakaongororwa yakanangwa kurapwa kune avo vane mamwe matanho epamberi ekenza iyi.

Ovarian cancer kurapwa inonyanya kutarisa pakuvhiya kubvisa mazai uye chibereko uye chemotherapy. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vamwe vakadzi vanozoona zviratidzo zvekuguma kuenda kumwedzi.

Chinyorwa cha2015 chakatarisa intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy. Ichi chidzidzo chakawana kuti avo vakagamuchira IP kurapwa vaive nehuremu hwepakati hwekupona hwemwedzi 61.8. Uku kwaive kuvandudzwa kana tichienzanisa nemwedzi makumi mashanu neshanu kune avo vakagamuchira chemotherapy.

Kenza yeovarian inogona kudzivirirwa?

Iko hakuna nzira dzakaratidzirwa dzekubvisa zvachose njodzi yako yekuva nekenza yemazai. Zvisinei, pane matanho aunotora kuti udzikise njodzi yako.

Zviitiko izvo zvakaratidzirwa kudzikisa njodzi yako yekuva nekenza yeovarian zvinosanganisira:

• kutora mapiritsi ekudzivirira kubereka
• kuyamwisa
• nhumbu
• maitiro ekuvhiya pane ako ekubereka nhengo (senge tubal ligation kana hysterectomy)

Ndeapi maonero?

Maonero ako anoenderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana, zvinosanganisira:

• danho rekenza pakuongororwa
• hutano hwako hwese
• kunyatsopindura sei kurapwa

Kenza yega yega yakasarudzika, asi danho rekenza ndicho chakakosha chiratidzo chemaonero.

Kupona kwehuwandu

Iyo yekupona mwero chikamu chevakadzi vanopona imwe yakati makore emakore padanho rakapihwa rekuongororwa.

Semuenzaniso, iyo yemakore mashanu ekupona mwero ndiyo muzana yevarwere vakagashira kuongororwa pane imwe nhanho uye vanorarama makore angangoita mashanu mushure mekunge chiremba wavo avaona.

Huwandu hwekupona kwehukama hunotarisawo mwero unotarisirwa wekufa kwevanhu vasina gomarara.

Epithelial ovarian cancer ndiyo yakajairika mhando yekenza yeovarian. Kupona kwehuwandu kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwecancer ovarian, kufambira mberi kwekenza, uye kuenderera mberi kwekufambira mberi mukurapa.

IAmerican Cancer Society inoshandisa ruzivo kubva kuSEER dhatabhesi iyo National Cancer Institute (NCI) inochengetedza fungidziro yehuwandu hwekupona huwandu hwerudzi urwu rwegomarara reovari.

Heano maitiro SEER parizvino akaronga akasiyana matanho:

• Inowanikwa munzvimbo. Hapana chiratidzo chekuti gomarara rapararira kunze kwemazai.
• Dunhu. Kenza yakapararira kunze kwemazai kune zvivakwa zviri padyo kana lymph node.
• Kure. Gomarara rapararira kunzvimbo dziri kure dzomuviri, dzakadai sechiropa kana mapapu.

Makore mashanu-ehukama hwehukama hwecancer ovarian

Inopararira epithelial ovarian cancer

Ovarian stromal mamota

Utachiona hwemajemusi maseru eovary

Ziva kuti iyi data inouya kubva kuzvidzidzo zvinogona kuve zvingangoita makore mashanu kana kupfuura.

Masayendisiti parizvino ari kutsvagurudza nzira dzakavandudzwa uye dzakavimbika dzekuona cancer yegomarara kutanga. Kufambira mberi mune zvekurapa kunovandudzika, uye pamwe nako, maonero ekenza yeovarian.