Superbacteria: zvavari, zvavari uye kurapwa kwacho kwakadii

Zvemukati

• Main superbugs
• Zviratidzo zvikuru
• Kurapwa kunoitwa sei
• Mashandisiro ekushandisa maantibioti nenzira kwayo

Superbacteria mabhakitiriya anowana kushorwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya nekuda kwekushandisa zvisirizvo kwemishonga iyi, uye anozivikanwawo sehutachiona husinga dzivirire. Iko kusarongeka kana kugara kuchishandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kunogona kufarira kuoneka kweshanduko uye nzira dzekurwisa uye kuchinjika kwemabhakitiriya aya kurwisa maantibioti, zvichiita kuti kurapwa kuome.

Superbacteria anowanzo kuve munzvimbo yechipatara, kunyanya makamuri ekuvhiya uye neIntensive Care Unit (ICU), nekuda kwesimba remutachiona revarwere. Mukuwedzera pakushandisa kusasarura kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye immune system yemurwere, kutaridzika kwezvipembenene kwakabatanawo nemaitiro anoitwa mukati mechipatara uye nemaitiro ehutsanana.

Main superbugs

Mabhakitiriya asingadziviriri zvinodhaka anowanikwa kakawanda muzvipatara, kunyanya mumaICU uye nzvimbo dzekushandira. Uku kuramba kwakasiyana kunoitika kunyanya nekuda kwekushandisa zvisirizvo kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kungave kunokanganisa kurapwa kwakakurudzirwa nachiremba kana kushandisa kana zvisina kuratidzwa, zvichikonzera superbugs, iwo makuru ari:

• Staphylococcus aureus, iyo inopesana nemethicillin uye inonzi MRSA. Dzidza zvakawanda nezve Staphylococcus aureus uye kuti kuongororwa kwacho kunoitwa sei;
• Klebsiella pneumoniae, inozivikanwawo se Klebsiella mugadziri we carbapenemase, kana KPC, ari mabhakitiriya anogona kuburitsa enzyme inokwanisa kudzvinyirira zviitiko zvemamwe maantibayoti. Ona maitiro ekuziva nekubata hutachiona hweKPC;
• Acinetobacter baumannii, iyo inogona kuwanikwa mumvura, ivhu uye nharaunda yezvipatara, iine mamwe maronda anopesana nemaminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones uye beta-lactams;
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa, iyo inoonekwa seyunopindirana microorganism inokonzera hutachiona kunyanya muICUs mune varwere vane anokanganisa immune immune;
• Enterococcus faecium, iyo inowanzo kukonzera hutachiona uye hwematumbo hutachiona muvanhu vari muchipatara;
• Proteus sp., iyo inonyanya kufambidzana nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona muICUs uye idzo dzakawana kushorwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae, rinova bhakitiriya rinokonzera gonorrhea uye mamwe maronda akatoonekwa semushonga wemishonga yakawanda, kuratidza kukurira kukuru kweAzithromycin, uye, nekudaro, chirwere chinokonzerwa nematambudziko aya chinonzi supergonorrhea.

Pamusoro peizvi, kune mamwe mabhakitiriya ari kutanga kugadzira nzira dzekurwisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya ayo anowanzo shandiswa kurapa hutachiona hwavo. Salmonella sp., Shigella sp.,Haemophilus influenzae uye Campylobacter spp. Nekudaro, kurapwa kwacho kunowedzera kuomarara, nekuti zvinonetsa kurwisa izvi zvipuka, uye chirwere ichi chakakomba.

Zviratidzo zvikuru

Iko kuitika kweiyo superbug hakuwanzo kukonzera zviratidzo, iine chete hunhu hunhu hwehutachiona huri kucherechedzwa, hunosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwehutachiona hunokonzera chirwere ichi. Kazhinji kuvapo kwezvipembenene kunoonekwa kana kurapwa kunoratidzwa nachiremba kuchikundikana, pamwe nekushanduka kwezviratidzo, semuenzaniso.

Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti kuongororwa kwe microbiological nyowani uye mushonga mutsva wekurwisa mabhakitiriya kuitwe kuti uone kana hutachiona hwawana kuramba uye, nekudaro, kutanga mushonga mutsva. Ona kuti maantibhakitiriya anogadzirwa sei.

Kurapwa kunoitwa sei

Kurapa kurwisa superbugs kunosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwekurwisa uye mabhakitiriya, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko zvinokurudzirwa kuti kurapwa kuitwe muchipatara nemajekiseni emubatanidzwa wemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yakananga mutsinga kurwisa mabhakitiriya uye kudzivirira kuoneka kweutachiona hutsva.

Panguva yekurapwa murwere anofanirwa kunge ari ega uye kushanya kunofanirwa kudzorwa, zvakakosha kushandisa zvipfeko, masiki uye magirovhosi kudzivirira kusvibiswa kubva kune vamwe vanhu. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kusangana kweanopfuura maviri maantibayoti kunogona kudikanwa kuti superbug igadziriswe uye ibviswe. Kunyangwe kurapwa kwacho kwakaoma, zvinokwanisika kurwisa zvakakwana mabhakitiriya ane mishonga yakawanda.

Mashandisiro ekushandisa maantibioti nenzira kwayo

Kuti ushandise mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya nemazvo, uchidzivirira kuvandudzwa kwezvipembenene, zvakakosha kutora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya chete kana yaudzwa nachiremba, uchitevera muyero uye nenguva yekushandisa mirayiridzo, kunyangwe kana zviratidzo zvanyangarika kusati kwapera kurapwa.

Kuchengetwa uku ndechimwe chezvakakosha nekuti kana zviratidzo zvikatanga kudzikira, vanhu vanomira kutora mushonga unorwisa mabhakitiriya uye nekudaro mabhakitiriya anowana kuramba kumirisana nemishonga, zvinoisa munhu wese panjodzi.

Imwe yambiro inokosha ndeyekutenga mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya nemushonga uye paunorapwa, tora mimwe mishonga yasara uende nayo kukhemisi, kwete kukanda mapakeji mumarara, chimbuzi, kana singi yekubikira kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, izvo zvinoitawo kuti mabhakitiriya awedzere kuramba uye kuoma kurwa. Heano maitiro ekudzivirira mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.