Gene kurapa: chii icho, zvinoitwa sei uye chii chinogona kurapwa

Zvemukati

• Zvinoitwa sei
• CRISPR Maitiro
• Mota T-Cell Technique
• Zvirwere zvinorapwa nemajini
• Gene kurapa kurwisa kenza

Gene kurapa, inozivikanwawo semajini ekurapa kana kugadzirisa geni, inzira yekurapa inosanganisa seti yetekinoroji dzinogona kubatsira mukurapa nekudzivirira kwezvirwere zvakaoma, zvakadai sehosha dzechibereko negomarara, nekugadzirisa mamwe majeni.

Mageneti anogona kutsanangurwa seyakakosha chikamu chekuberekwa uye inoumbwa nematanho akateedzana eiyo nucleic acids, ndokuti, DNA neRNA, uye inotakura ruzivo rwakanangana nehunhu hwemunhu uye hutano. Nekudaro, mhando iyi yekurapa inosanganisira yekukonzera shanduko muDNA yemasero akabatwa nechirwere ichi nekumisikidza dziviriro yemuviri kuitira kuti ione nyama yakakuvadzwa nekusimudzira kubviswa kwayo.

Zvirwere zvinogona kurapwa nenzira iyi ndidzo dzinosanganisira kumwe kuchinjika muDNA, senge kenza, autoimmune hosha, chirwere cheshuga, cystic fibrosis, pakati pezvimwe zvinokanganisa kana zvirwere zvemajini, zvisinei, mune dzakawanda zviitiko ivo vachiri muchikamu chekusimudzira miedzo.

Zvinoitwa sei

Gene kurapa kunosanganisira kushandisa magene panzvimbo pemishonga yekurapa zvirwere. Izvo zvinoitwa nekushandura majini echinhu chakakanganiswa nechirwere nechimwe chakajairika. Parizvino, kurapa kwemajini kwave kuchishandiswa uchishandisa maviri mamorekuru maitiro, CRISPR maitiro uye eCar T-Cell maitiro:

CRISPR Maitiro

Nzira yeCRISPR inosanganisira kuchinja nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeDNA dzinogona kunge dzakabatana nezvirwere. Nekudaro, hunyanzvi uhu hunobvumira majini kushandurwa munzvimbo dzakananga, nenzira chaiyo, inokurumidza uye isingadhuri. Kazhinji, hunyanzvi hunogona kuitwa mumatanho mashoma:

• Magen'a akasarudzika, ayo anogona zvakare kunzi anotarisirwa majeni kana kuteedzana, anozivikanwa;
• Mushure mekuzivikanwa, masayendisiti anogadzira "gwara RNA" kuteedzana iyo inozadzisa iyo inotarisirwa nzvimbo
• Iyi RNA inoiswa muchitokisi pamwe neCas 9 protein, inoshanda nekucheka zvakanangana neDNA kuteedzana;
• Ipapo, mutsva weDNA unoteedzana unoiswa mune yakateedzana yapfuura.

Mazhinji ekuchinja kwemajini anosanganisira magene ari mumasomatic maseru, kureva kuti, maseru ane zvinhu zvemagetsi zvisina kupfuudzwa kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kuchizvarwa, zvichitadzisa shanduko kumunhu iyeye chete. Nekudaro, kutsvagurudza uye kuyedza kwakabuda umo maitiro eCRISPR anoitwa pane masero ehutachiona, ndiko kuti, pazai kana urume, izvo zvakagadzira nhevedzano yemibvunzo pamusoro pekushandisa kwehunyanzvi uye kuchengetedzeka kwayo mukukura kwemunhu. .

Iyo mhedzisiro-yenguva refu mhedzisiro yehunyanzvi uye kugadzirisa geni hazvisati zvazivikanwa. Masayendisiti anotenda kuti kumonyorwa kwemajini emunhu kunogona kuita kuti munhu atapurike pakuitika kweshanduko dzinongoitika dzega, izvo zvinogona kukonzeresa kumisikidza immune system kana kubuda kwezvirwere zvakakomba.

Pamusoro pehurukuro pamusoro pekushandurwa kwemajini kutenderera nekukwanisa kushanduka kwepasipo uye kutapurirana kwekushandurwa kwezvizvarwa zvinotevera, nyaya yetsika yemaitiro iyi yakakurukurwa zvakanyanya, nekuti nzira iyi inogona zvakare kushandiswa kushandura iyo yemwana hunhu, senge ruvara rweziso, kureba, bvudzi bvudzi, nezvimwe.

Mota T-Cell Technique

Iyo mota T-Cell hunyanzvi hwakatoshandiswa muUnited States, Europe, China neJapan uye ichangobva kushandiswa muBrazil kurapa lymphoma. Unyanzvi uhu hunosanganisira kushandura immune system kuitira kuti tumarara maseru anyatso kuzivikanwa uye kubviswa mumuviri.

Kune izvi, masero ekudzivirira eT emunhu anobviswa uye magene avo anoshandiswa nekuwedzera iyo geni reCAR kumasero, ayo anozivikanwa seye chimeric antigen receptor. Mushure mekuwedzera iyo geni, huwandu hwamasero hunowedzerwa uye kubva panguva iyo nhamba yakakwana yemasero inosimbiswa uye kuvapo kwezvimwe zvakagadziriswa zvimiro zvekuziva bundu, pane kuburitswa kwekuwedzera kweye immune system yemunhu uye, ipapo, jekiseni yemasero ekudzivirira akagadziridzwa neiyo CAR geni.

Nekudaro, iko kune iko kushanda kweiyo immune system, iyo inotanga kuona tumarara maseru zviri nyore uye inokwanisa kubvisa aya maseru zvakanyanya.

Zvirwere zvinorapwa nemajini

Gene kurapa kuri kuvimbisa kurapwa kwechero chirwere chechisikigo, zvisinei, kune vamwe chete izvo zvinogona kutoitwa kana kuti zviri muchikamu chekuyedza. Kugadziriswa kwemajini kwakave kwakafundwa nechinangwa chekurapa zvirwere, zvakadai secystic fibrosis, congenital blindness, hemophilia uye sickle cell anemia, semuenzaniso, asi zvakare yakaonekwa senge nzira inogona kusimudzira kudzivirira kwezvirwere zvakakomba uye zvakaoma , semuenzaniso cancer, chirwere chemwoyo uye hutachiona hweHIV, semuenzaniso.

Kunyangwe ichinyanya kudzidza nezvekurapa nekudzivirira zvirwere, kurongeka kwemajini kunogona zvakare kushandiswa muzvirimwa, kuitira kuti vagone kutsungirira kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuramba kurwisa zvipembenene nemishonga yezvipembenene, uye muzvikafu nechinangwa chekuwedzera kudya kunovaka muviri. .

Gene kurapa kurwisa kenza

Gene kurapa kwechirwere chegomarara kwatoitwa mune dzimwe nyika uye kunonyanya kuratidzirwa kune mamwe mamiriro e leukemias, lymphomas, melanomas kana sarcomas, semuenzaniso. Rudzi urwu rwekurapa runosanganisira kumisikidza maseru ekudzivirira emuviri kuti aone maseru maseru uye aabvise, zvinoitwa nekubairira majekiseni kana hutachiona mumuviri wemurwere.

Zvinotendwa kuti, mune ramangwana, kurapa kwemajini kuchanyatsoita uye kuchitsiva marapirwo ekenza azvino, zvisinei, sezvo ichiri kudhura uye ichida tekinoroji yepamberi, zvinoratidzwa nenzira dzisingapindure kurapwa nekemotherapy, radiotherapy uye kuvhiya.