Zvaunofanira Kuziva Nezve HIV Kuongororwa Kwechokwadi

Zvemukati

• Bvunzo dzeHIV dzakarurama zvakadii?
• Ndeapi manyepo-akanaka bvunzo mhedzisiro?
• Ndeipi mhedzisiro-isina miedzo bvunzo?
• Ndeapi marudzi eongororo yeHIV aripo?
• Muedzo weantibody
• Antigen / antibody bvunzo
• Nucleic acid bvunzo (NAT)
• Ndinofanira kuongororwa here?
• Chii chinoitika kana ndikaongororwa kuti ndinayo?
• Kutora

Mhedziso

Kana iwe uchangobva kuongororwa HIV, kana iwe uri kufunga nezvekuongororwa, unogona kunge uine zvinetsekana nezve mukana wekutambira isiriyo bvunzo.

Iine nzira dzazvino dzekuyedza hutachiwana, zvisirizvo kuongororwa zvisina kujairika. Asi mune zvisingawanzoitika zviitiko, vamwe vanhu vanogashira manyepo kana kuti manyepo mushure mekuvhenekwa utachiona hweHIV.

Kazhinji, zvinotora bvunzo dzakawanda kuti unyatsoongorora hutachiwana. Mhedzisiro yakanaka yeHIV inoda kuwedzerwa kuongororwa kuti usimbise mhedzisiro yacho. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kweHIV inogona zvakare kuda kuwedzerwa kuyedzwa.

Verenga pamusoro kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvechokwadi chekuongororwa kweHIV, mashandiro anoita kuyedzwa, uye sarudzo dzakasiyana dziripo.

Bvunzo dzeHIV dzakarurama zvakadii?

Kazhinji, izvozvi kuongororwa kweHIV kwakanyatsojeka. Utachiona hweHIV huchokwadi hunobva pane zvinoverengeka zvinhu, zvinosanganisira:

• mhando yemuyedzo yakashandiswa
• kuti munhu anoongororwa nekukasira sei mushure mekuonekwa neHIV
• muviri wemunhu unoita sei kuHIV

Kana munhu akatanga kubatira HIV, hutachiona hunoonekwa sehwakanyanya. Pakati pechikamu chakakomba, zvinonetsa kuona. Nekufamba kwenguva, inova isingaperi uye nyore kuongorora nemiedzo.

Kuongororwa kwese kweHIV kune "nguva yenguva." Iyi inguva yenguva pakati pekuti kana munhu aoneswa hutachiona uye kana bvunzo ikakwanisa kuona kuvepo kwayo mumuviri wake. Kana munhu ane hutachiona akaongororwa nguva yewindo isati yapfuura, zvinogona kuburitsa mhedzisiro yakaipa.

Kuongororwa kweHIV kwakanyatsojeka kana kukatorwa mushure mekunge hwindo rapfuura. Mamwe marudzi ebvunzo ane mapfupi mawindo epasi pane mamwe. Vanokwanisa kuona HIV nekukurumidza mushure mekuratidzwa kuutachiona.

Ndeapi manyepo-akanaka bvunzo mhedzisiro?

Mhedzisiro-yehutachiona inoitika kana munhu asina hutachiona achiwana mhedzisiro mushure mekuongororwa hutachiona.

Izvi zvinogona kuitika kana vashandi ve murabhoritari vakanganisa kunyora kana kubata zvisirizvo muyedzo muyedzo. Izvo zvinogona zvakare kuitika kana mumwe munhu akadudzira zvisizvo bvunzo. Kutora chikamu muongororo yazvino yekudzivirira hutachiwana hweHIV kana kugara nehumwe mamiriro ezvinhu ekurapa kunogona zvakare kukonzera mhedzisiro-yekunyepa kweongororo

Kana mhedzisiro yekutanga yeHIV iri yehutachiona, mupi wezvehutano anozoraira kuongororwa kwekutevera. Izvi zvinozovabatsira kudzidza kana mhedzisiro yekutanga yaive yechokwadi kana kunyepa kwekunyepa.

Ndeipi mhedzisiro-isina miedzo bvunzo?

Mhedzisiro-isina mhedzisiro inoitika kana munhu ane hutachiwana hweHIV akagamuchira chinenge chisina kana mushure mekuongororwa mamiriro acho. Mhedzisiro-isina mhedzisiro haina kujairika pane enhema-yakanaka mhedzisiro, kunyange zvese zviri zviviri zvisingawanzo.

Mhedzisiro yekunyepa inogona kuitika kana munhu akaongororwa nekukurumidza mushure mekubata HIV. Kuongororwa kweHIV kwakarurama chete mushure mekunge imwe nguva yapfuura kubvira munhu aoneswa hutachiona. Iyi hwindo nguva inosiyana kubva kune imwe mhando yemuedzo kuenda kune imwe.

Kana munhu akanoongororwa hutachiwana mukati memwedzi mitatu kubva pakuonekwa nehutachiona uye mhedzisiro yacho isina, Dhipatimendi reUtano reHutano neHuman Services rinokurudzira kuti uongororwe zvakare mumwedzi mitatu.

Kuongororo yeantigen / antibody, kuyedza kunogona kuitwa nekukurumidza, mazuva angangoita makumi mana nemashanu mushure mekufungidzirwa kusvikirwa neHIV. Izvi zvinobatsira kuona kana wekutanga mhedzisiro yebvunzo yanga iri yechokwadi kana nhema nhema.

Ndeapi marudzi eongororo yeHIV aripo?

Mhando dzakawanda dzeongororo dzinowanikwa muHIV. Mhando yega yega bvunzo inoongorora zviratidzo zvakasiyana zvehutachiona. Dzimwe mhando dzekuyedza dzinogona kuona hutachiona nekukurumidza kupfuura dzimwe.

Muedzo weantibody

Ongororo zhinji dzeHIV dzinoongororwa nemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere. Kana muviri ukaonekwa nemavhairasi kana mabhakitiriya, immune system inoburitsa masoja ekudzivirira chirwere. Bvunzo yeHIV antibody inogona kuona masoja ekudzivirira Mukondombera muropa kana mate.

Kana munhu akabatira Mukondombera, zvinotora nguva kuti muviri ugadzire masoja ekudzivirira muviri akakwana kuti aonekwe neongororo yeanorwisa masoja. Vanhu vazhinji vanogadzira mwero unoonekwa wemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere mukati memasvondo matatu kusvika gumi nemaviri mushure mekubata HIV, asi zvinogona kutora nguva yakareba kune vamwe vanhu.

Dzimwe ongororo dzeHIV antibody dzinoitwa paropa rakatorwa kubva mutsinga. Kuti aite urwu rudzi rweyero yekurwisa masoja ekudzivirira chirwere, nyanzvi yehutano inogona kutora muyero weropa ndokuutumira kubazi kuti riongororwe. Zvinogona kutora mazuva akati kuti mhinduro dziwanikwe.

Dzimwe ongororo dzeHIV antibody dzinoitwa paropa rinounganidzwa kuburikidza nekurumwa kweminwe kana mate. Mimwe yemiedzo iyi yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa nekukurumidza mukiriniki kana kumba. Mhedzisiro yekukurumidza antibody bvunzo inowanzo kuwanikwa mukati memaminitsi makumi matatu. Kazhinji, kuongororwa kubva muropa rinotyisa kunogona kuona HIV nekukurumidza kupfuura kuyedzwa kunoitwa kubva pachigunwe kana mate.

Antigen / antibody bvunzo

HIV antigen / antibody bvunzo dzinozivikanwawo seyedzo yekubatanidza kana yechina chizvarwa bvunzo. Rudzi urwu rweyedzo runogona kuona mapuroteni (kana maantigen) kubva kuHIV, pamwe nema antibodies eHIV.

Kana munhu akabata HIV, hutachiwana hunoburitsa protein inozivikanwa se p24 immune system isati yaburitsa masoja ekudzivirira chirwere. Nekuda kweizvozvo, antigen / antibody bvunzo inogona kuona hutachiona pamberi pekuedzwa kweantibody.

Vanhu vazhinji vanogadzira mwero unoonekwa wep24 antigen mazuva gumi nemana kusvika makumi mana nemaviri (anenge mavhiki maviri kusvika matanhatu) mushure mekubata Mukondombera. Kune vamwe vanhu, iyo hwindo nguva ingave yakareba.

Kuti aite antigen / antibody bvunzo, nyanzvi yehutano inogona kutora muyero weropa wekutumira kubazi rekuyedzwa. Mhedzisiro yacho inogona kutora mazuva akati wandei kuti idzoke.

Nucleic acid bvunzo (NAT)

Kuongororwa kweHIV nucleic acid (NAT) kunozivikanwa seYHIV RNA bvunzo. Inogona kuona magene kubva kuhutachiona muropa.

Kazhinji, NAT inogona kuona hutachiona pamberi peantibody kana antigen / antibody bvunzo inogona. Vanhu vazhinji vane huwandu hwehutachiona hunowanikwa muropa ravo mukati memazuva manomwe kusvika makumi maviri nemasere mushure mekubata Mukondombera.

Nekudaro, NAT inodhura kwazvo uye haiwanzoshandiswa sekuyedza kuongorora hutachiwana hweHIV. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, mupi wezvehutano haazozviraire kunze kwekunge munhu atogamuchira bvunzo yakanaka kubva kuHIV antibody kana antigen / antibody bvunzo, kana kana munhu anga achangove nenjodzi yepamusoro kana ane zviratidzo zvehutachiona hweHIV. .

Kune vanhu vanotora pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) kana post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), mishonga iyi inogona kudzikamisa kunyatso kweNAT. Rega mupi wako wehutano azive kana uri kushandisa PrEP kana PEP.

Ndinofanira kuongororwa here?

Vanopa hutano vangatarise hutachiona hweHIV sechimwe chikamu chekutarisa, kana vanhu vanogona kukumbira kuongororwa. Iwo maCentre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) kuti munhu wese ari pakati pemakore gumi nematatu kusvika makumi matanhatu nematanhatu aongororwe kamwe chete.

Kune avo vari panjodzi yakakwira yekutapukirwa neHIV, CDC iri kuongororwa kakawanda. Semuenzaniso, vanhu vane vanhu vakawanda vavanorara navo vane mukana wakakura wekuratidzwa hutachiwana hweHIV, uye vanogona kusarudza kuongororwa kakawanda, kazhinji semwedzi mitatu yega.

Anokupa hutano anogona kutaura newe nezvekuti kangani vanokurudzira kuti uongororwe hutachiwana hweHIV.

Chii chinoitika kana ndikaongororwa kuti ndinayo?

Kana mhedzisiro kubva kuongororo yekutanga yeHIV iri yakanaka, mupi wezvehutano anozoraira kuongororwa kwekutevera kuti adzidze kana mhedzisiro yacho iri yechokwadi.

Kana bvunzo yekutanga ikaitwa pamba, mupi wezvehutano anotora muyero weropa kuti aongorore murabhu. Kana iyo yekutanga bvunzo yakaitwa murabhu, yekutevera-yekumusoro kuyedza kunogona kuitiswa pane imwecheteyo yeropa sampuro pabhodhi.

Kana chechipiri bvunzo chabuda chiri chakanaka, mupi wezvehutano anogona kubatsira kutsanangura sarudzo dzekurapa HIV. Kuongororwa kwekutanga uye kurapwa kunogona kubatsira kuvandudza maonerwo enguva refu uye kudzikisira mikana yekuvandudza matambudziko kubva kuHIV.

Kutora

Pakati pese, mikana yekutadza kuziva hutachiona hweHIV yakaderera. Asi kune vanhu vanofunga kuti vanogona kunge vakagamuchira manyepo-e-positive kana emanye-asina kuongororwa mhedzisiro yeHIV, zvakakosha kutaura kune mupi wezvehutano. Ivo vanogona kubatsira kutsanangura bvunzo mhedzisiro uye nekurudzira anotevera matanho. Kune vanhu vari panjodzi yepamusoro yekutapukirwa neHIV, mupi wezvehutano anogona zvakare kukurudzira nzira dzekudzora njodzi yehutachiona.