Pink Mutero: Iwo Chaiye Mutengo weGender-Yakavakirwa Mitengo

Zvemukati

• Iyo 'pink mutero'
• Iyo 'tampon mutero'
• Kugadzira matamponi uye mapadhi ave nyore
• Nyika dziri kutungamira
• Kutora

Kana iwe ukatenga kune chero mutengesi wepamhepo kana chitoro-uye-dhaka chitoro, iwe unowana iyo yekuparara kosi mukushambadzira kunoenderana nevakadzi.

"Masculine" zvigadzirwa zvinouya mutema kana navy bhuruu kurongedza nemaboutique brand mazita seBull Imbwa, Vikings Blade, uye Rugged uye Dapper. Kana zvigadzirwa zviine kunhuwirira, iko kunhuhwirira kwemuskier.

Zvichakadaro, zvigadzirwa "zvevakadzi" zvakaoma kupotsa: kuputika kwepingi uye kwepepuru yakajeka, iine imwe dhivhosi yakawedzerwa. Kana zvichinhuwirira, zvinonhuwira zvine muchero uye zvine maruva, senge inotapira pea uye violet, ruva remapuro, uye raspibheri mvura - chero izvo zviri izvo.

Nepo munhuwi neruvara zvimwe musiyano uri pachena kwazvo pakati pezvigadzirwa zvechivanhu zvinotarisirwa kuvarume nevakadzi, pane mumwe, musiyano usinganzwisisike: mutengo wemutengo. Uye iri kudhurira avo vanotenga zvigadzirwa zvakanangwa nevakadzi zvakanyanya zvakanyanya.

Iyo 'pink mutero'

Gender-based pricing, inozivikanwawo se “pink pink,” inowedzera pazvigadzirwa zvakajairwa kutarisirwa vakadzi izvo zvinongova nekushanduka kwekusiyana kubva kune zvakaenzana zvigadzirwa zvakajairwa varume.

Mune mamwe mazwi, haisi mutero chaiwo.

"Chiitiko chinounza mari kumakambani akazvimirira avo vakawana nzira yekuita kuti chigadzirwa chavo chitaridzike zvakanyanya kana chakaringana huwandu hwevanhu uye vakazviona semugadziri wemari," anotsanangura kudaro Jennifer Weiss-Wolf, gweta, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wenyika. Brennan Chikoro cheRuramisiro kuNYU Chikoro cheMutemo, uye mubatsiri-muvambi wePeriod Equity.

"Ini ndinofunga zvinokurudzira zvakanangana nemutero wepingi zvinouya zvakajeka kubva pachimiro chekapitalist: Kana uchigona kuita mari nazvo, unofanirwa," anoenderera mberi.

Asi mutero wepingi haisi chinhu chitsva. Kwemakore makumi maviri apfuura, California, Connecticut, Florida, neSouth Dakota vakaburitsa mishumo pamitengo yechikadzi mumatunhu avo. Muna 2010, Consumer Reports yakaratidza nyaya yacho munyika yose nechidzidzo chakawana, panguva iyoyo, vakadzi vaibhadhara zvakaringana se50 muzana kupfuura zvaiitwa nevarume zvigadzirwa zvakafanana.

Nyaya iyi yakatsanangurwa zvakanyatsonaka muna 2015 apo Dhipatimendi reVatengi reNew York City rakaburitsa mushumo nezve mutsauko wemitengo yezvinhu zvinokwana kuita mazana manomwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe nematanhatu kubva mumakambani makumi matanhatu nemapfumbamwe akatengeswa muguta rese

Chirevo chacho chakaongorora maindasitiri mashanu akasiyana, senge zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza zvevanhu kana zvigadzirwa zvehutano / zvepamusha zvehutano Izvi zvaisanganisira zvikamu makumi matatu neshanu zvezvigadzirwa, senge bodywash kana shampoo. Mune yega yega yeaya mashanu maindasitiri, zvinhu zvevatengi zvinotengeswa kune vakadzi nevasikana zvinodhura zvakanyanya. Izvozvowo zvaive zvakadaro mune zvese asi zvishanu zvezvikamu makumi matatu neshanu zvezvigadzirwa.

Vatsvaguriri vakatarisa zvigadzirwa zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe nezvina muzvikamu zvematoyi uye zvekushandisa uye vakaona kuti, paavhareji, izvo zvaiitirwa vasikana zvakatengwa zvikamu zvinomwe kubva muzana.

Iwo akanyanya kunaka maricho, zvisinei, aive pakati pezvigadzirwa zvemunhu.

Semuenzaniso, mashanu-mapakeji eSchick Hydro cartridges mune yepepuru kurongedza anodhura $ 18.49, nepo iyo yakafanana kuverenga kweSchick Hydro inozadza zvakare mubhuruu kurongedza kunodhura $ 14.99.

Zvekare, kunze kwemavara avo ekuputira, zvigadzirwa zvinotaridzika zvakafanana.

Chirevo cheNYC chakawana vakadzi vakatarisana neavhareji musiyano wemutengo we13 muzana yezvigadzirwa zvekuzvichengetedza pakati pezvigadzirwa gumi nemaviri zvichienzaniswa muchidzidzo. Uye vanyori vakanyatsocherechedza kuti zvinhu izvi, zvakaita sekugera gel uye deodorant, ndidzo dzinotengwa kazhinji zvichienzaniswa nemamwe mapoka - zvichireva kuti mitengo yacho inowedzera nekufamba kwenguva. Kunyangwe izvi zvisina kunaka kune vese avo vanotenga zvigadzirwa izvi, iyo 13 muzana yemitengo inokwidza inorova vakadzi nevasikana vanobva kumhuri dzinowana mari zvakatonyanya kuoma.

Kuedza kwemitemo, zvisinei, kunogona kugadzirisa mutero wepingi. Muna 1995, ipapo-Assemblywoman Jackie Speier akabudirira kupasisa bhiri rairambidza mitengo yechikadzi yemasevhisi, akadai sekugera bvudzi.

Iye zvino seCongresswoman, Rep. Speier (D-CA) ari kuenda munyika: Akadzoreredza Pink Mutero Kudzokorora Mutemo gore rino kunyatsogadzirisa zvigadzirwa zvinoenderana nemutero wepingi. (Yekutanga vhezheni yebhiri yakaunzwa muna2016 yakatadza kuiburitsa mukomiti). Kana gwaro idzva iri rikapfuura, raizobvumidza magweta ehurumende kuti "atore danho rezvematongerwo enyika kune vatengi vanenge vatadzirwa nerusarura." Mune mamwe mazwi, ivo vanokwanisa kuenda vakananga mushure memabhizimusi ayo anobhadharisa varume nevakadzi mitengo yakasiyana.

Iyo 'tampon mutero'

Mutero wepingi hausi wega wekukwirisa unobata vakadzi. Kune zvakare "tampon tax," iyo inoreva mutero wekutengesa unoshandiswa kuzvinhu zvevakadzi zvehutsanana zvakaita semapads, liners, tampons, uye makapu.

Parizvino, nyika makumi matatu neshanu dzichiri kushandisa mutero wekutengesa kune izvi zvinodiwa zvekuenda kumwedzi, zvinoenderana nedatha kubva kusangano reWeiss-Wolf Period Equity. Mutero wekutengesa pane izvi zvigadzirwa zvinosiyana uye zvinoenderana nekodhi yemutero yenyika.

Saka manje? Unogona kushamisika. Wese munhu anobhadhara mutero wekutengesa. Zvinotaridza senge zvakanaka kuti matamponi uye mapedhi ane mutero wekutengesa, futi.

Kwete chaizvo, akadaro Weiss-Wolf. Nyika dzinoisa yavo yemitero isingabhadharwe, uye mubhuku rake Nguva Dzakaenda Veruzhinji: Kutora Chimiro cheMwedzi Kuenzana, iye anotsanangura pamusoro pevamwe vasinga fanirwe mvumo dzimwe nyika dzine.

"Ndakafamba nemutero wese wemitero munzvimbo dzese dzaisabvisa zvigadzirwa zvekuenda kumwedzi kuti ndione zvavakaita zvisingaregererwe, uye rondedzero yacho ndeyekuseka," Weiss-Wolf anoudza Healthline. Izvo zvinhu zvisingabhadharwe mutero, zvakanyorwa zvese mubhuku raWeiss-Wolf uye neHealthline yakateedzerwa pasi, inotangira kubva kumahombekombe muFlorida kusvika pakubika waini muCalifornia. Maine inofamba nesinou, uye imbeu yezuva sunflower mbeu muIndiana uye pfuti nhengo dzevamiririri muWisconsin.

Kana bhayiki sunflower mbeu isingabhadhariswe mutero, anodaro Weiss-Wolf, zvino hukadzi hutsanana zvigadzirwa ngazvivewo, futi.

Mutero wetampon unowanzo kutaurwa zvisizvo semutero wepamusoro, Weiss-Wolf anotsanangura. Asi, mutero wekutengesa wakajairwa kuzvinhu zvese - asi sezvo vanhu chete vari kumwedzi vanoshandisa zvigadzirwa zvevakadzi zvehutsanana, mutero usinei nesu.

Kungofanana nekukwidziridzwa kwezvinhu zvekuchengetwa kwevanhu zvakagadzirirwa vakadzi, iwo mashoma emutero wekutengesa isu tinoburitsa mwedzi wega wega kutarisira tete Flo vanowedzera pamusoro pehupenyu hwese, uye izvi zvinokanganisa vakadzi vanobva mudzimba dzinowana mari shoma.

"Iyi nyaya ine huchokwadi hwevanhu," Weiss-Wolf anoudza Healthline. "Ini ndinofunga pamwe nekuti ruzivo rwekuenda kumwedzi rwakanyanya kune wese munhu akambozviziva, sekunzwisisa kuti kugona kuzvitarisira kwakakosha mukugona kwemunhu kutora chikamu zvizere muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye kuve nehunhu hunokudzwa."

Vose varume nevakadzi vemitsara yese yezvematongerwo enyika vanonzwisisa kuti "hupfumi hwekuenda kumwedzi," sekudana kwahwo naWeiss-Wolf, hazvibatsiri. Boka rake rePeriod Equity rakatora nyaya iyi nyika yese muna 2015 nekubatana nemagazini yeCosmopolitan pachikumbiro cheChange.org kukumbira "kudonhedza mutero wetampon." Asi mutero wekutengesa unofanirwa kutaurwa nevamiriri venyika nenyika.

Uye pane nzira refu yekufamba.

Matunhu mashanu - Alaska, Delaware, New Hampshire, Montana, neOregon - havana mutero wekutengesa wekutanga nawo, saka mapads nematamponi haabhadhariswe imomo. Zvichakadaro, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, nePennsylvania vakambomisa mutemo vega kubvisa mutero wekutengesa kubva kuzvinhu izvi, sekureva kwePeriods Gone Public.

Kubva 2015, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekushambadzira nguva dzakatenderedza nguva, makumi maviri neshanu akaunza mabhiri ekuregedza mapedhi nematamponi kubva kumutero wekutengesa. Zvisinei, chete Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, uye New York ndivo vakabudirira mukugadzira izvi zvehutsanana zvisingabhadhariswe mutero kusvika parizvino. Izvo zvakati, Arizona, Nebraska, neVirginia vakaunza tampon mitero yemitero mumatare avo emitemo muna 2018.

Saka, nei zvakatora nguva yakareba kudai kuita hurukuro iyi?

"Chiitiko chinonyanya kuitika ndechekuti vazhinji vevamiriri vedu vemitemo havaendi kumwedzi, saka vanga vasinganyatsofunga nezvazvo munzira ipi neipi inovaka," anodaro Weiss-Wolf.

Kugadzira matamponi uye mapadhi ave nyore

Pamusoro pemutero wetampon, yekumhanyisa equity yekukurudzira iri kunyatso kuwana hutu kutenderedza kuwanikwa kwevakadzi zvehutsanana zvigadzirwa zvevakadzi vasina dzimba uye vakadzi mumajeri nezvikoro zveveruzhinji.

"Dzakakosha kunge bepa remuchimbuzi," akadaro City Councilwoman muna 2016 apo NYC yakavhota kuita zvigadzirwa zvevakadzi zvehutsanana mahara muzvikoro, dzimba dzekugara, uye majeri. Vanonzi vana mazana matatu ezviuru vechikoro vane makore gumi nemasere kusvika pa18 uye makumi maviri nemaviri evakadzi nevasikana vanogara munzvimbo dzekugara muNYC vakavhiringidzwa nemutemo uyu wekuvhuvhuta.

Kuwana mukana weizvi zvinhu zvehutsanana zvinopa chiremerera uye zvinogonesa vakadzi nevasikana kutora chikamu chakazara munharaunda.

"Kunyangwe mune ino mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika, ane chepfu uye akapararira ... iyi inzvimbo imwe (yekuwanika iyo] yakaratidza kukunda chikamu chemubatanidzwa uye iine rutsigiro rwakasimba kumativi ese epasi," anodaro Weiss-Wolf.

Gore rino, New York State yakavhotera kupa mahara zvigadzirwa zvevakadzi zvehutsanana mudzimba dzevasikana dzegiredhi 6 kusvika 12.

“Nyaya iyi ine mutsindo chaiwo kuvanhu. Ini ndinofunga pamwe nekuti iyo
ruzivo rwekuenda kumwedzi rwakanyanya kune chero munhu akambozviziva, se
iko kunzwisisa kuti kukwanisa kuigadzirisa kwakakosha kwazvo kune kweyako
kugona kutora chikamu zvizere muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye kurarama zvine chiremera. ” -
Jennifer Weiss-Wolf

Muna 2015 na2017, gweta remutemo reWisconsin rakaunza bhiri rekuita kuti mapedhi netamponi zviwanikwe mahara muzvikoro zveveruzhinji, zvikoro zvinoshandisa chirongwa chevavhoti chehurumende, uye muzvivakwa zvehurumende. MuCanada, kanzura weguta muToronto akakumbira bhiri rakafanana rezvivakwa zvekugara.

Nyika dziri kutungamira

Kuenda kumwedzi kuenzana kune nzira dzekuenda muhuwandu hwenyika dzeAmerica, uye tinogona kutarisa kune dzimwe nyika kune kurudziro yezvingave zviri.

• Kenya yakadzika
  mutero wayo wekutengesa pane zvigadzirwa zvevakadzi zvehutsanana muna 2004 uye yakapa mamirioni
  yakanangana nekugovera mapads muzvikoro mukuyedza kusimudzira kuenda kwevasikana.
• Canada yakadzika
  zvinhu zvayo nemitero yemasevhisi (yakafanana nemutero wekutengesa) kumatamponi mu2015. Australia
  vakavhota
  kuita zvakafanana mwedzi wapfuura, kunyangwe ichida kubvumidzwa ne
  matunhu ega ega.
• Chirongwa chekutyaira muAberdeen,
  Scotland iri kugovera
  zvigadzirwa zvevakadzi zvehutsanana kuvakadzi vari mudzimba dzinowana mari shoma semuyedzo we
  inogoneka yakakura chirongwa.
• IUnited Kingdom yakabvisawo tampon
  mutero, kunyangwe paine zvikonzero zvine chekuita neBrexit iyo isingazotanga kushanda izvozvi. Ku
  kuripa, akati wandei macheni makuru muUK, akadaro
  saTesco, vatema mitengo pazvinhu zvevakadzi zvehutsanana pachavo.

Kutora

United States iri kupedzisira iine hurukuro yakareba kwenguva yakareba pamusoro pemitengo inosanganisirwa nebiology yedu. Sezvo vazhinji vedu takura tichida maruva-anonhuwirira anonhuhwirira, hapana zvakawanda zvinokurudzira kuti makambani arege kuvaita akasiyana - asi zvirinani ivo vanogona kumira kutikwidziridza isu nekuda kwayo.

Uye kunyangwe kuve nenguva (uye makrufu anoenda nazvo) kungasave chiitiko chinonakidza, kukurukurirana kwakatenderedza hupfumi hwekuenda kumwedzi kunoratidzika kunge kuri kukurudzira kuita uye tsitsi kune avo vanoda zvigadzirwa kuti vazvitarisire.

Jessica Wakeman munyori uye mupepeti anotarisa nyaya dzevakadzi vezvematongerwo enyika, zvemagariro, uye zvetsika. Pakutanga kubva kuConnecticut, akadzidza kutapa nhau uye zvevakadzi uye zvebonde ku NYU. Akambove mupepeti kuThe Frisky, Daily Dot, HelloGiggles, YouBeauty, uye Someecards, uye akashandirawo Huffington Post, Radar Magazine, uye NYmag.com. Kunyora kwake kwakaonekwa mune akati wandei ekudhinda uye epamhepo mazita, anosanganisira Glamour, Rolling Stone, Bitch, iyo New York Daily News, iyo New York Times Ongororo yeMabhuku, Iyo Cheka, Bustle, uye Romper. Iye ari mubhodhi revatungamiriri veBitch Media, feminist media nonprofit. Anogara kuBrooklyn nemurume wake. Ona zvimwe zvebasa rake pa webhusaiti yake uye utevere iye mberi Twitter.