Mhando dzeanesthesia: nguva yekushandisa uye ndedzipi njodzi

Zvemukati

• 1. General kutindivadza
• Ndezvipi njodzi
• 2. Anesthesia yemunharaunda
• Ndezvipi njodzi
• 3. Dunhu kutindivadza
• Spinal anesthesia
• Epidural anesthesia
• Peripheral tsinga block
• Yenharaunda inopinza anesthesia
• Ndezvipi njodzi
• 4. Sedation anesthesia
• Ndezvipi njodzi

Anesthesia zano rinoshandiswa nechinangwa chekudzivirira kurwadziwa kana kunzwa kupi panguva yekuvhiyiwa kana nzira inorwadza kuburikidza nekutungamira kwemishonga kuburikidza nevende kana kuburikidza nekufema. Anesthesia inowanzoitwa mune dzimwe nzira dzinoparadza kana izvo zvinogona kukonzera chero kusagadzikana kana kurwadziwa mumurwere, sekuvhiya moyo, kubereka kana maitiro emazino, semuenzaniso.

Kune akatiwandei marudzi eanesthesia, ayo anokanganisa hurongwa hwemitsipa munzira dzakasiyana siyana nekuvharira zvishuwo zvetsinga, sarudzo yacho inoenderana nerudzi rwekurapa uye nehutano hwemunhu. Zvakakosha kuti chiremba aziviswe nezve chero rudzi rwechirwere chisingaperi kana chisimbwa kuitira kuti mhando yakanaka yeanesthesia iratidzwe pasina njodzi. Ona kuti chii chiri kuchengetwa usati wavhiyiwa.

1. General kutindivadza

Munguva yeanesthesia yakajairika, mishonga yeanesthetic inoitiswa iyo inonyaradza munhu zvakanyanya, zvekuti kuvhiyiwa kunoitwa, sekuvhiya pamwoyo, mapapu kana mudumbu, hakukonzere chero kurwadziwa kana kusagadzikana.

Mishonga inoshandiswa inoita kuti munhu asaziva uye inokonzeresa kurwadziwa, inokurudzira kutandara kwemhasuru uye ichikonzera amnesia, kuitira kuti zvese zvinoitika panguva yekuvhiya zvikanganwe nemurwere.

Iyo anesthetic inogona kujowa mukati mutsinga, kuve nekukasira kushanda, kana kuputirwa kuburikidza negasi mask, inosvika muropa kuburikidza nemapapu. Iyo nguva yemhedzisiro yacho inosiyana, ichigadziriswa neanesthetist, uyo anosarudza huwandu hweanodzvinyirira mushonga unofanirwa kupihwa. Dzidza zvakawanda nezve general anesthesia.

Mishonga inonyanya kushandiswa muanesthesia ndeiyi: benzodiazepines, narcotic, sedatives uye hypnotics, zvinyoro zvinozorodza uye galogenated magasi.

Ndezvipi njodzi

Kunyangwe anesthesia iri nzira yakachengeteka kwazvo, inogona kunge iine njodzi dzakabatana zvichienderana nezvimwe zvinhu, senge rudzi rwekuvhiya uye chirwere chemunhu. Mhedzisiro inowanzoitika ndeyekusvotwa, kurutsa, kutemwa nemusoro uye kurwara nemushonga weanesthetic.

Mune zviitiko zvakakomba, kushushikana kwakadai sekufema, kusungwa kwemoyo kana kunyangwe neurological sequelae kunogona kuitika kune vanhu vane hutano hwakanyanya husina kunaka nekuda kwekushaya kudya zvinovaka muviri, moyo, mapapu kana itsvo matambudziko, semuenzaniso.

Kunyangwe isingawanzoitika, kutindivadza kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro, sekubvisa kuziva asi kubvumira munhu kuti afambe kana kuti munhu asiri kukwanisa kufamba asi achinzwa zviitiko zvakavakomberedza.

2. Anesthesia yemunharaunda

Local anesthesia inosanganisira chaiyo nzvimbo yemuviri, haina kukanganisa kuziva uye inowanzo shandiswa mukuvhiya kudiki senge nzira dzemazino, ziso, mhino kana huro kuvhiya, kana pamwe chete neanesthesia, senge yedunhu kana sedation anesthesia.

Mhando iyi yeanesthesia inogona kupihwa nenzira mbiri, nekuisa anesthetic cream kana kupuruzira kunzvimbo diki yeganda kana mucosa, kana nekubairira jekiseni mushonga weanesthetic munyama kuti ishandiswe. Lidocaine ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa munharaunda.

Ndezvipi njodzi

Local anesthesia, kana ikashandiswa nemazvo, yakachengeteka uye haina kana mhedzisiro, zvisinei, mune yakakwira madosi inogona kuve nehuturu hunokanganisa, kukanganisa moyo nekufema kana kukanganisa huropi hunoshanda, nekuti mwero wakakwira unogona kusvika muropa.

3. Dunhu kutindivadza

Regional anesthesia inoshandiswa kana zvichidikanwa kutemesa chikamu chemuviri chete, senge ruoko kana gumbo, semuenzaniso uye kune akati wandei marudzi enharaunda anesthesia:

• Spinal anesthesia

Mune spinal spinal anesthesia, iyo yemuno anesthetic inoitiswa neyakanaka tsono, mune yemvura inogezesa musana, inonzi cerebrospinal fluid. Mune iyi mhando yeanesthesia, iyo anesthetic inosanganiswa neiyo spinal fluid uye inosangana nemitsipa, zvichitungamira mukurasikirwa kwekunzwa mumakumbo ezasi uye mudumbu repazasi.

• Epidural anesthesia

Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare seepidural anesthesia, maitiro aya anovharira marwadzo uye manzwiro kubva kunharaunda imwe chete yemuviri, kazhinji kubva muchiuno pasi.

Mune iyi mhando yeanesthesia, iyo yemuno anesthetic inoitiswa kuburikidza nekateti iyo inoiswa munzvimbo yepasipidhi yakatenderedza musana wespain, zvinotungamira mukurasikirwa kwekunzwa mumakumbo ezasi nepadumbu. Ona zvimwe nezve epidural anesthesia uye zvazviri.

• Peripheral tsinga block

Mune urwu rudzi rweanesthesia yedunhu, iyo yemuno anesthetic inoitiswa yakatenderedza tsinga dzinokonzeresa kunzwisisika uye kufamba kwembambo uko kunozoitwa kuvhiyiwa, uye zvakasiyana siyana zvevharanzi zvinodzivirira.

Iwo mapoka etsinga, anonzi iyo plexus kana ganglion, iyo inokonzeresa kurwadza kune yakasarudzika nhengo kana muviri nharaunda, zvinovharwa inotungamira kune anesthesia yenzvimbo dzemuviri senge kumeso, mhino, mukanwa, mutsipa, bendekete, ruoko, pakati pevamwe .

• Yenharaunda inopinza anesthesia

Intravenous anesthesia inzira inoiswa iyo catheter inoiswa mutsinga yemaoko, kuitira kuti iyo yemuno anesthetic ishandiswe, uku uchiisa nzvimbo yekutenderera pamusoro penzvimbo kuti iyo anesthesia irambe iri munzvimbo. Kunzwisisa kunodzoreredzwa kana mutambo wekushanya wabviswa.

Regional anesthesia inowanzo shandiswa panguva dzakareruka dzekuvhiya dzakadai senge panguva yakajairwa yekusununguka, mune diki kuvhiya senge gynecological kana aesthetic kuvhiya kana mune orthopedics, semuenzaniso.

Tsvaga kuti anesthesia inobvisa sei marwadzo ekubereka.

Ndezvipi njodzi

Kunyangwe zvisingawanzoitika, mhedzisiro senge kudikitira kwakanyanya, hutachiona panzvimbo yejojo, systemic chepfu, matambudziko emoyo nemapapu, chills, fever, kukuvara kwetsinga, kupwanywa kweiyo membrane inodzivirira musana wesipinha, inonzi iyo dura mater, inogona kuitika. paraplegia.

Kuwedzeredzwa kweiyo dura mater kunogona zvakare kukonzera post-musana weanesthesia kutemwa nemusoro mumaawa makumi maviri nemana ekutanga kana kusvika mazuva mashanu gare gare. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, munhu anonzwa kutemwa nemusoro kana agere kana akamira uye izvo zvinovandudza maminetsi mashoma mushure mekudzokera kunorara, izvo zvinogona kusangana nezvimwe zviratidzo sekusvotwa, mutsipa wakaomarara uye kuderera kwekunzwa. Muchikamu chakanaka chezviitiko, uyu musoro unonyangarika pakarepo mukati mevhiki, asi zvinogona zvakare kuve zvakakosha kutanga kurapwa kwakaratidzirwa neanesthesiologist.

4. Sedation anesthesia

Sedation anesthesia inoiswa mukati mehusimbe uye inowanzo shandiswa mukubatana nedunhu kana yemuno anesthesia, kuitira kuti uwedzere nyaradzo yemunhu.

Kugara kunogona kuve kwakapfava, uko munhu akasununguka asi akamuka, achikwanisa kupindura mibvunzo kubva kuna chiremba, zvine mwero umo munhu anowanzovata panguva yekuita, asi anogona kumutswa zviri nyore kana achibvunza mubvunzo kana zvakadzika zvakarara munhu panguva yese yemaitiro, ndisingayeuke zvakamboitika kubvira pakaitwa anesthesia. Kunyangwe iri nyoro, ine mwero kana yakadzika, rudzi urwu rweanesthesia runoperekedzwa neoksijeni yekuwedzera.

Ndezvipi njodzi

Kunyangwe zvisingawanzoitika, zvinokonzeresa kugadzikana, kuoma kwekufema, shanduko mumoyo mutinhimira, kusvotwa, kurutsa, delirium, kudikitira uye hutachiona panzvimbo yejekiseni zvinogona kuitika.