Tora 1 chirwere cheshuga

Type 1 cheshuga chirwere cheupenyu hwese (chisingaperi) umo mune huwandu hwakawanda hweshuga (glucose) muropa.

Tora 1 chirwere cheshuga chinogona kuitika chero zera. Inowanzoonekwa muvana, vachiri kuyaruka, kana vakuru vechidiki.

Insulin ihormone inogadzirwa mupancreas nemasero akasarudzika, anonzi beta maseru. Iyo pancreas iri pazasi uye kumashure kwedumbu. Insulin inodikanwa kutamisa shuga yeropa (glucose) mumasero. Mukati memasero, glucose inochengetwa uye yakazoshandiswa simba. Nemhando 1 chirwere cheshuga, beta maseru anogadzira mashoma kana asina insulin.

Pasina insulini yakakwana, glucose inovakwa muropa kwete kupinda mumasero. Iyi inovaka glucose muropa inonzi hyperglycemia. Muviri haugone kushandisa glucose yesimba. Izvi zvinotungamira kune ezviratidzo zve type 1 chirwere cheshuga.

Chikonzero chaicho chechirwere cheshuga 1 hachizivikanwe. Zvingangodaro, iko autoimmune kusagadzikana. Ichi chiitiko chinoitika apo immune system inorwisa nekukanganisa nekuparadza hutano hwenyama. Nerudzi rwekutanga chirwere cheshuga, hutachiona kana chimwe chinokonzeresa chinokanganisa muviri kurwisa masero e beta mupancreas anoita insulin. Iyo tsika yekuvandudza autoimmune hosha, kusanganisira mhando 1 chirwere cheshuga, inogona kugarwa nhaka kubva kuvabereki vako.

ZVIMWE ROPA RISUARI

Zviratidzo zvinotevera zvinogona kunge zviri zvekutanga zviratidzo zverudzi 1 chirwere cheshuga. Kana, zvinogona kuitika kana shuga yeropa yakakwira.

• Kuva nenyota yakanyanya
• Kunzwa nzara
• Kunzwa kuneta nguva dzose
• Kuva nemaziso asina kujeka
• Kunzwa kupera kana kugwinha mutsoka dzako
• Kurasikirwa nehuremu kunyangwe hosha yakawedzera
• Kuita weti kakawanda (kusanganisira kuita weti usiku kana kuwaridza mubhedha muvana vaive vakaoma husiku hwapfuura)

Kune vamwe vanhu, izvi zvakakomba zveyambiro zviratidzo zvinogona kunge zviri zvekutanga zviratidzo zvechirudzi chekutanga chirwere cheshuga. Kana, zvinogona kuitika kana shuga yeropa yakanyanya kukwirira (chirwere cheshuga ketoacidosis):

• Kudzika, kukurumidza kufema
• Ganda rakaoma uye muromo
• Chiso chakatsetseka
• Fruity mweya mweya
• Kusvotwa uye kurutsa; kutadza kuchengeta pasi zvinwiwa
• Dumbu kurwadziwa

ZUVA ROPA ROPA ROPA

Shuga yeropa yakaderera (hypoglycemia) inogona kukurumidza kukura mune vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga vari kutora insulin. Zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa kana huwandu hweshuga yeropa yemunhu hwadzika pasi pemamirigiramu makumi manomwe pasirita (mg / dL), kana 3.9 mmol / L. Chenjerera:

• Kutemwa nemusoro
• Nzara
• Kutya, kusagadzikana
• Rapid moyo kurova (palpitations)
• Kubvunda
• Kudikitira
• Kushaya simba

Mushure memakore mazhinji, chirwere cheshuga chinogona kutungamira kumatambudziko akakomba ehutano, uye semhedzisiro, zvimwe zvakawanda zviratidzo.

Chirwere cheshuga chinoonekwa uine inotevera kuongororwa kweropa:

• Kutsanya kweropa glucose level - Chirwere cheshuga chinoonekwa kana chiri 126 mg / dL (7 mmol / L) kana yakakwira mbiri nguva dzakasiyana.
• Random (isiri-kutsanya) ropa glucose level - Unogona kunge uine chirwere cheshuga kana iri 200 mg / dL (11.1 mmol / L) kana yakakwira, uye une zviratidzo zvakaita sekuwedzera nyota, kuita weti, uye kuneta. (Izvi zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa nemuedzo wekutsanya.)
• Oral glucose kushivirira bvunzo - Chirwere cheshuga chinoonekwa kana huwandu hweglucose iri 200 mg / dL (11.1 mmol / L) kana yakakwira maawa maviri mushure mekunwa chinwiwa cheshuga chakakosha.
• Hemoglobin A1C (A1C) bvunzo - Chirwere cheshuga chinoonekwa kana mhedzisiro yemuyedzo iri 6.5% kana kupfuura.

Ketone kuyedza inoshandiswawo dzimwe nguva. Iko ketone bvunzo inoitwa uchishandisa weti sampuro kana yeropa sampuro. Kuongorora ketone kunogona kuitwa kuti uone kana mumwe munhu ane chirwere cheshuga chekutanga aine ketoacidosis. Kuedzwa kunowanzoitwa:

• Kana iro shuga reropa rakakwira kudarika 240 mg / dL (13.3 mmol / L)
• Munguva yekurwara kwakadai semabayo, chirwere chemwoyo, kana sitiroko
• Kana kusvotwa uye kurutsa kunoitika
• Panguva yekuzvitakura

Iyi inotevera bvunzo uye bvunzo zvichakubatsira iwe uye hutano hwako mupi kuongorora chirwere cheshuga uye kudzivirira matambudziko anokonzerwa nechirwere cheshuga:

• Tarisa ganda nemapfupa patsoka dzako nemakumbo.
• Tarisa uone kuti tsoka dzako dziri kupera simba (chirwere cheshuga chirwere cheshuga).
• Ita kuti BP yako iongororwe kamwe chete pagore. Chinangwa chinofanirwa kuve 140/90 mmHg kana kudzika.
• Iva neA1C bvunzo inoitwa yega yega mwedzi mitanhatu kana chirwere cheshuga chakanyatsodzorwa. Ita kuti bvunzo iitwe pamwedzi mitatu yega kana chirwere cheshuga chisina kunyatso kudzorwa.
• Ita kuti cholesterol yako uye triglyceride mazinga aongororwe kamwe pagore.
• Tora bvunzo kamwe chete pagore kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti itsvo dzako dziri kushanda nemazvo. Aya maedzo anosanganisira kutarisa mazinga e microalbuminuria uye serum creatinine.
• Shanyira chiremba weziso kamwe chete pagore, kana kazhinji kana uine zviratidzo zvechirwere cheshuga chemaziso.
• Ona chiremba wemazino yega yega mwedzi mitanhatu kuti unyatsochenesa mazino uye bvunzo. Ita shuwa kuti chiremba wemazino wako nehutsanana vazive kuti une chirwere cheshuga.

Nekuti Type 1 cheshuga inogona kutanga nekukurumidza uye zviratidzo zvinogona kuve zvakanyanya, vanhu vachangobva kuongororwa vangangoda kugara muchipatara.

Kana iwe uchangobva kuongororwa uine rudzi rwekutanga chirwere cheshuga, ungangoda kuongororwa vhiki rega-rega kusvikira wave nesimba rakanaka pashuga yeropa rako. Wako mupi anoongorora mhedzisiro yekutarisisa shuga mumba mako uye kuongorora weti. Chiremba wako achatarisawo diary rako rekudya, zvinwiwa, uye jekiseni re insulin. Zvinogona kutora mavhiki mashoma kuti aenzanise insulin inshuwarisi kune yako yekudya uye yehurongwa hwechiitiko.

Sezvo chirwere cheshuga chichiwedzera kuva chakatsiga, unenge uine vashoma vanoteerera. Kushanyira mupi wako kwakanyanya kukosha kuti iwe ugone kutarisa chero matambudziko enguva refu kubva kuchirwere cheshuga.

Wako mupi angangokubvunza iwe kuti usangane neyekudya, chiremba wezvemishonga, uye anozivikanwa chengetedzo yeshuga uye nyanzvi yezvedzidzo (CDCES). Vaya vanopa vanozokubatsira iwe kubata chirwere cheshuga.

Asi, iwe ndiwe unonyanya kukosha mukugadzirisa chirwere cheshuga. Iwe unofanirwa kuziva matanho ekutanga ehutachiwana manejimendi, kusanganisira:

• Maitiro ekuziva uye kurapa yakaderera ropa shuga (hypoglycemia)
• Maitiro ekuziva uye kurapa yakakwira ropa shuga (hyperglycemia)
• Maitiro ekuronga kudya, kusanganisira makabhohaidhiretsi (carb) kuverenga
• Nzira yekupa sei insulin
• Maitiro ekutarisa eropa glucose uye weti ketoni
• Maitiro ekugadzirisa insulin uye chikafu kana iwe uchirovedza muviri
• Maitiro ekubata mazuva ekurwara
• Kwokutenga zvekushandisa zveshuga uye machengeterwo azvo

INSULIN

Insulin inoderedza shuga yeropa nekuibvumira kuti ibude muropa uye ipinde mumasero. Wese munhu ane Type 1 chirwere cheshuga anofanira kutora insulin mazuva ese.

Kazhinji kazhinji, insulin inorowa pasi peganda uchishandisa sirinji, insulin peni, kana insulin pombi. Imwe nzira ye insulini ndiyo inhaled mhando. Insulin haigone kutorwa nemuromo nekuti asidhi iri mudumbu inoparadza insulin.

Insulin mhando dzakasiyana mukukurumidza kwadzinotanga kushanda uye kuti dzinogara kwenguva yakareba sei. Wako mupi achasarudza yakanakisa mhando yeinsulini kwauri uye anokuudza iwe panguva ipi yezuva yekuishandisa. Dzimwe mhando dze insulin dzinogona kusanganiswa pamwechete mujekiseni kuti uwane yakanakisa kudzora glucose muropa. Dzimwe mhando dze insulin hadzifanirwe kumbosanganiswa.

Vanhu vazhinji vane chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga vanoda kutora mhando mbiri dzeinsulini. Basal insulin inogara kwenguva refu uye inodzora huwandu hweshuga hunogadzirwa nemuviri wako kana usiri kudya. Kudya-nguva (zvinovaka muviri) insulin inokurumidza kuita uye inotorwa pamwe nekudya kwese. Iyo inogara chete kwenguva yakareba zvakakwana kuti ibatsire kufambisa iyo shuga inonwiwa kubva pakudya kuenda mumasuru uye mafuta maseru ekuchengetedza.

Wako mupi kana mudzidzisi weshuga achakudzidzisa maitiro ekupa jekiseni re insulin. Pakutanga, majekiseni emwana anogona kupihwa nemubereki kana mumwe mukuru. Pakazosvika makore gumi nemana, vana vazhinji vanogona kuzvipa majekiseni avo.

Inhaled insulin inouya sehupfu hunofemerwa mukati (inhaled). Inokurumidza kuita uye inoshandiswa nguva isati yatanga kudya. Wako mupi anogona kukuudza kana iyi mhando ye insulin yakakunakira iwe.

Vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga vanofanirwa kuziva maitiro ekugadzirisa iyo insulini yavari kutora:

• Kana vachirovedza muviri
• Kana vachirwara
• Kana vachizenge vachidya zvakanyanya kana zvishoma chikafu uye macalorie
• Kana vari parwendo

Kudya KUNOITWA UYE KUDZIDZISA

Nekuyedza huwandu hweshuga yeropa rako, unogona kudzidza kuti ndezvipi zvekudya uye zviitiko zvinokwidza kana kudzikisa huwandu hweshuga yeropa zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinobatsira iwe kugadzirisa yako insulin doses kune yakatarwa yekudya kana zviitiko zvekudzivirira shuga yeropa kubva pakuve yakanyanya kukwirira kana kuderera zvakanyanya.

IAmerican Diabetes Association uye iyo Academy yeNutrition uye Dietetics vane ruzivo rwekuronga kudya kwakanaka, kwakaringana. Izvo zvinobatsirawo kutaura kune akanyoreswa wezvekudya kana wezano wezano.

Kugara uchirovedza muviri kunobatsira kudzora huwandu hweshuga muropa. Izvo zvinobatsira zvakare kupisa mamwe macalorie nemafuta kusvika nekuchengetedza huremu hune hutano.

Taura nemupi wako usati watanga chero chirongwa chekurovedza muviri. Vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga cheshuga vanofanirwa kutora matanho akakosha pamberi, panguva, uye mushure mekurovedza muviri kana kurovedza muviri.

KUSHANDA NESUAR RAKO REROPA

Kuongorora wega shuga yako yeropa uye kunyora pasi mhedzisiro inokuudza mashandisiro auri kuita chirwere cheshuga. Taura nemupi wako uye mudzidzisi weshuga nezve kangani yekutarisa.

Kuti utarise huwandu hweshuga yeropa rako, unoshandisa chishandiso chinonzi mita yemaglucose. Kazhinji, unobaya chigunwe chako nekatsono kadiki, kanonzi lancet, kuti uwane donhwe diki reropa. Unoisa ropa pachiyedzo woisa mutsetse mukati memamita. Iyo mita inokupa iwe kuverenga iyo inokuudza iwe iro huwandu hweshuga yako yeropa.

Kuenderera mberi kweglucose monitors kuyera huwandu hweshuga yeropa rako kubva kune fluid pasi peganda rako. Aya maonitori anonyanya kushandiswa nevanhu vari pamapombi e insulin kudzora chirwere chavo cheshuga. Vamwe vatariri havadi kubaya chigunwe.

Chengeta zvinyorwa zveshuga reropa rako iwe neboka rako rezvehutano. Idzi nhamba dzinobatsira kana iwe uine matambudziko ekugadzirisa chirwere cheshuga. Iwe nemupi wako munofanira kuseta chinangwa chakanangana neshuga reropa rako panguva dzakasiyana masikati. Iwe unofanirwa zvakare kuronga zvekuita kana shuga yako yeropa yakanyanya kuderera kana kukwirira.

Taura nemupi wako nezve chako chakanangwa neiyo A1C bvunzo. Iyi bvunzo bvunzo inoratidza yako yepakati shuga shuga pamwero pamusoro pemwedzi mitatu yapfuura. Inoratidza kuti uri kudzora sei chirwere cheshuga. Kune vanhu vazhinji vane chirwere cheshuga cheshuga, chinangwa cheA1C chinofanirwa kunge chiri 7% kana kudzikira.

Shuga yeropa yakaderera inonzi hypoglycemia. Chikamu cheshuga muropa chiri pasi pe 70 mg / dL (3.9 mmol / L) chakanyanya uye chinogona kukukuvadza. Chikamu cheshuga muropa pazasi pe54 mg / dL (3.0 mmol / L) ndicho chikonzero chekukurumidza kuita. Kuchengeta kutonga kwakanaka kweshuga yako yeropa kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira shuga shoma yeropa. Taura nemupi wako kana usina chokwadi nezvezvinokonzera uye zviratidzo zveshuga muropa.

KUCHENGETA KWEMAFUA

Vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga vane mikana yakawanda kupfuura yeavo vasina chirwere cheshuga kuva nematambudziko etsoka. Chirwere cheshuga chinokuvadza tsinga. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti tsoka dzako dzisakwanisa kunzwa kumanikidzwa, kurwadziwa, kupisa, kana kutonhora. Iwe haugone kucherechedza kukuvara kwetsoka kusvikira iwe uine kukuvara kwakakomba paganda uye munyama pazasi, kana iwe ukawana hutachiona hwakakomba.

Chirwere cheshuga chinogonawo kukuvadza tsinga dzeropa. Maronda madiki kana kutyoka muganda anogona kuve akadzika maronda eganda (maronda). Nhengo yakakanganiswa ingangoda kudimburwa kana maronda eganda aya akasapora, kana kukura, kudzika, kana kutapukirwa.

Kuchengetedza matambudziko netsoka dzako:

• Regedza kusvuta, kana uchisvuta.
• Natsiridza kutonga kweshuga yako yeropa.
• Tora bvunzo dzetsoka kanokwana kaviri pagore kubva kumupi wako, uye dzidza kana uine kukuvara kwetsinga.
• Kumbira mupiki wako kuti atarise tsoka dzako kumatambudziko akadai semafoni, bunion kana hammertoe. Izvi zvinoda kurapwa kudzivirira kuparara kweganda uye maronda.
• Tarisa uye chengeta tsoka dzako mazuva ese. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kana iwe uchinge uchinge uine tsinga kana reropa kukuvara kana tsoka tsoka.
• Bata utachiona hushoma, senge tsoka yemumhanyi, ipapo.
• Kuchengetwa kwembambo kwakanaka kwakakosha. Kana nzara dzako dzakakora uye dzakaomarara, unofanirwa kunge uine nzara dzako dzakatemwa nachiremba wemagetsi kana mumwe mupi anoziva kuti une chirwere cheshuga.
• Shandisa mafuta ekuzora paganda rakaoma.
• Ita shuwa kuti iwe unopfeka mhando chaiyo yeshangu. Kumbira mupiki wako kuti ndeupi rudzi rwakakunakira.

KUDZIVIRIRA KUTAMBUDZIKA

Wako mupi anogona kupa mishonga kana mamwe marapirwo kuti uderedze mikana yako yekukudziridza zvinowanzoitika chirwere cheshuga, kusanganisira:

• Chirwere chemaziso
• Chirwere cheitsvo
• Peripheral tsinga kukuvara
• Chirwere chemwoyo uye sitiroko

Nemhando 1 chirwere cheshuga, iwe uri zvakare panjodzi yekukudziridza mamiriro senge kurasikirwa kwekunzwa, chingamu chirwere, chirwere chepfupa, kana mbiriso hutachiona (mune vakadzi). Kuchengeta shuga yako yeropa pasi pekutonga kwakanaka kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira aya mamiriro.

Taura neboka rako rezvehutano nezve zvimwe zvinhu zvaunogona kuita kudzikisa mikana yako yekukura kweshuga.

Vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga vanofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza nguva yavo yekudzivirira.

HUPENYU HWENYAYA

Kurarama nechirwere cheshuga kunogona kunetsa. Iwe unogona kunzwa uchikurirwa nezvose zvaunoda kuti uite kugadzirisa chirwere cheshuga. Asi kutarisira hutano hwako hwepamoyo kwakakoshawo sehutano hwako hwepanyama.

Nzira dzekugadzirisa kushushikana dzinosanganisira:

• Kuteerera kumimhanzi inozorodza
• Kufungisisa kubvisa pfungwa dzako pane zvaunonetseka
• Kufema kwakadzika kubatsira kubvisa kushushikana kwemuviri
• Kuita yoga, taichi, kana kufambira mberi kwekuzorora

Kunzwa kusuruvara kana kusuwa (kushushikana) kana kunetseka dzimwe nguva zvakajairika. Asi kana iwe uine aya manzwiro kazhinji uye ivo vari kupinda munzira yekugadzirisa yako chirwere cheshuga, taura neboka rako rezvehutano. Vanogona kutsvaga nzira dzekukubatsira kuti unzwe zvirinani.

Kune akawanda mashuga zviwanikwa izvo zvinogona kukubatsira iwe kuti unzwisise zvakawanda nezve rudzi rwekutanga chirwere cheshuga. Iwe unogona zvakare kudzidza nzira dzekugadzirisa mamiriro ako kuti iwe ugone kurarama zvakanaka nechirwere cheshuga.

Chirwere cheshuga chirwere cheupenyu hwese uye hapana mushonga.

Kudzora kwakasimba kweropa glucose kunogona kudzivirira kana kunonoka kusagadzikana kweshuga. Asi aya matambudziko anogona kuitika, kunyangwe mune vanhu vane yakanaka chirwere cheshuga.

Mushure memakore mazhinji, chirwere cheshuga chinogona kutungamira kumatambudziko akakomba ehutano:

• Iwe unogona kuve nematambudziko eziso, kusanganisira kunetsekana kuona (kunyanya husiku) uye kunzwisisika kuchiedza. Unogona kuita bofu.
• Tsoka dzako neganda zvinogona kukura maronda uye hutachiona. Kana uine izvi maronda kwenguva refu, tsoka yako kana gumbo zvingangoda kudimburwa. Utachiona hunogona zvakare kukonzera marwadzo, kuzvimba, uye kuvaviwa.
• Chirwere cheshuga chingaite kuti zviome kudzora yako BP uye cholesterol.Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kurwisa kwemoyo, sitiroko, uye mamwe matambudziko. Zvinogona kuomera kuti ropa riyerere kuenda kumakumbo nemakumbo.
• Chirwere cheshuga chinogona kushayisa simba immune yako uye kuita kuti zvive nyore kuti iwe uuye nezvirwere.
• Tsinga mumuviri dzinogona kukuvara, zvichikonzera kurwadziwa, kuchenesa, kurira, uye chiveve.
• Nekuda kwekukuvara kwetsinga, unogona kuve nezvinetso kugaya chikafu chaunodya. Iwe unogona kunzwa kushaya simba kana kunetseka kuenda kuchimbuzi. Kukuvara kwemutsipa kunogona zvakare kuita kuti zviomere kuti varume vave nekumiswa.
• Yakakwira shuga yeropa uye zvimwe zvinetso zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kweitsvo. Itsvo dzinogona kusashanda zvakanaka sezvavaimboita. Ivo vanogona kutomira kushanda, kuitira kuti iwe ungazoda dialysis kana kuisirwa itsvo.
• Shuga yakakwira yeropa inogona kushomeka immune system yako. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti zvive nyore kuti iwe uwane hutachiona, kusanganisira hupenyu hunotyisidzira ganda uye hutachiona hutachiona.
  

Fonera 911 kana iyo yemuno emergency emergency kana uine:

• Kurwadziwa pachifuva kana kumanikidza, kufema kwekufema, kana zvimwe zviratidzo zveangina
• Kurasikirwa kwekuziva
• Kufenda

Fonera waunopa kana kuenda kuimba yekukurumidzira kana uine zviratidzo zvechirwere cheshuga ketoacidosis.

Danaidza mupiki wako kana iwe uine:

• Mazinga eshuga eropa akakwirira kupfuura zvinangwa zvawakaisa iwe nemupi wako
• Unhu, kugwinha, kana kurwadziwa mutsoka dzako kana makumbo
• Matambudziko nekuona kwako
• Maronda kana kutapukira patsoka dzako
• Kazhinji kunzwa kwekuora mwoyo kana kunetseka
• Zviratidzo zvekuti shuga yako yeropa iri kudzikira zvakanyanya (kushaya simba kana kuneta, kubvunda, kudikitira, kusagadzikana, kunetseka kufunga zvakajeka, kurova kwemoyo nekukurumidza, kuona zvakapetwa kana kusviba, kunzwa kusanzwisisika)
• Zviratidzo zvekuti shuga yako yeropa yakanyanya kukwirira (nyota, kuona kwakasviba, ganda rakaoma, kushaya simba kana kuneta, zvinoda kuita weti yakawanda)
• Ropa shuga kuverenga izvo zviri pazasi 70 mg / dL (3.9 mmol / L)

Unogona kurapa zviratidzo zvekutanga zve hypoglycemia kumba nekumwa muto weorenji, kudya shuga kana zviwitsi, kana nekutora mapiritsi eglucose. Kana zviratidzo zve hypoglycemia zvikaenderera kana rako reropa glucose rakaramba riri pasi pe 60 mg / dL (3.3 mmol / L), enda kuimba yekukurumidzira.

Rudzi rwe1 chirwere cheshuga harugone kudzivirirwa parizvino. Iyi inzvimbo inoshanda kwazvo yekutsvaga. Mu2019, chidzidzo chinoshandisa mushonga wekubayiwa jekiseni chakakwanisa kunonoka kutanga kwerudzi 1 chirwere cheshuga muvana vane njodzi huru. Iko hakuna kuongororwa kwekutarisa kwerudzi rwekutanga chirwere cheshuga muvanhu vasina zviratidzo. Nekudaro, kuyerwa kweanorwisa mabhakitiriya kunogona kuzivisa vana vari panjodzi yakakura yekukudziridza mhando yechirwere cheshuga kana vaine hama dzekutanga (hama, mubereki) vane chirwere cheshuga chekutanga.

Insulin-inotarisana neshuga; Juvenile kutanga chirwere cheshuga; Chirwere cheshuga - mhando 1; Yakakwira ropa shuga - mhando 1 chirwere cheshuga

• Chirwere cheshuga uye kurovedza muviri
• Chirwere cheshuga kutarisirwa kwemaziso
• Chirwere cheshuga - maronda etsoka
• Chirwere cheshuga - kuramba uchishanda
• Chirwere cheshuga - kudzivirira chirwere chemwoyo uye sitiroko
• Chirwere cheshuga - kutarisira tsoka dzako
• Chirwere cheshuga bvunzo uye kuongororwa
• Chirwere cheshuga - kana uchirwara
• Rutsoka kudimburwa - kubuda
• Kudimburwa gumbo - kubuda
• Gumbo kana tsoka kudimburwa - kupfeka shanduko
• Shuga yeropa yakaderera - kuzvitarisira
• Kugadzirisa shuga yako yeropa

• Insulin pombi
• Tora I chirwere cheshuga
• Insulin pombi
• Chengetedza shuga yako yeropa

American Chirwere cheshuga Association. 2. Kupatsanura uye kuongororwa kwechirwere cheshuga: zviyero zvekurapwa mune cheshuga - 2020. Chirwere cheshuga. 2020; 43 (Suppl 1): S14-S31. PMID: 31862745 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31862745/.

Atkinson MA, Mcgill DE, Dassau E, Laffel L. Type 1 chirwere cheshuga mellitus. Mune: Melmed S, Auchus, RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. Williams Chinyorwa cheEndocrinology. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 36.

Brownlee M, Aiello LP, Sun JK, et al. Matambudziko eshuga mellitus. Mune: Melmed S, Auchus, RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. Williams Chinyorwa cheEndocrinology. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 37.