Kutaura nemwana wako nezvekunwa

Kunwa doro harisi dambudziko revakuru chete. Inenge chetatu chevakuru vechikoro chesekondari muUnited States vakanwa chinwiwa chinodhakisa mukati memwedzi wapfuura.

Nguva yakanakisa yekutanga kutaura nemwana wako ari kuyaruka nezvezvinodhakwa nedoro izvozvi. Vana vadiki sezera ramakore gumi nemapfumbamwe vanogona kuda kuziva nezvekunwa uye vanogona kuedza doro.

Kana mwana akatanga kunwa asati asvitsa makore gumi nemashanu, ivo vanowanzoita mukana wekunwa kwenguva refu, kana kunwa chinetso. Dambudziko kunwa mune vechidiki zvinoreva kuti ivo:

• Idhakwa
• Ivai netsaona dzine chekuita nekunwa
• Pinda mudambudziko nemutemo, mhuri dzavo, shamwari, zvikoro, kana vanhu vavanodanana navo nekuda kwekunwa kwavo

Kusaudza chinhu kuvana vako nezve kunwa kunogona kuvapa iwo meseji ekuti kunwa kwevechidiki kwakanaka. Vazhinji vana vanosarudza kusanwa nekuti vabereki vavo vanotaura navo nezvazvo.

Nzira yakanakisa yekuti vana vako vagare vakasununguka kutaura newe nezvekunwa ndeyekutendeseka uye kunanga. Ungangoda kugadzirira uye kufunga nezve izvo zvauchazotaura pamberi penguva.

Udza mwana wako manzwiro aunoita nezvavo pamwe uchishandisa doro. Kana uchinge watanga kutaura nemwana wako achiri kuyaruka, ramba uchiunza izvozvo panguva dzaunenge uchitaura nezvezvinhu zvinoenderana.

Kuyaruka uye makore ekuyaruka inguva yekuchinja. Mwana wako anogona kunge achangotanga chikoro chepamusoro kana anogona kunge achangowana rezinesi rekutyaira. Vana vako vanogona kunge vaine pfungwa yerusununguko ivo vasati vambove nayo.

Vechidiki vanoda kuziva. Ivo vanoda kuongorora uye kuita zvinhu nenzira yavo vega. Asi kumanikidzwa kukwana mukati kunogona kuita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuramba doro kana zvichiratidzika sekuti munhu wese arikuyedza.

Paunenge uchitaura nemwana wako achiri kuyaruka:

• Kurudzira mwana wako kuti ataure newe nezve kunwa. Ramba wakadzikama kana uchiteerera uye edza kusatonga kana kushoropodza. Ita kuti zvive nyore kuti mwana wako ataure akatendeseka.
• Ita kuti mwana wako azive iwe unonzwisisa kuti kutora mikana chinhu chinowanzoitika mukukura.
• Yeuchidza mwana wako kuti kunwa kunouya nenjodzi dzakakomba.
• Simbisa kuti wako wechidiki haafanire kunwa nekutyaira kana kukwira nemutyairi anga achinwa.

Kunwa zvine njodzi kana kunwa doro mumba zvinogona kutungamira mutsika dzakafanana muvana. Vachiri vadiki, vana vanoziva maitiro ekunwa evabereki vavo.

Vana vanowanzo nwira kana:

• Kunetsana kuripo pakati pevabereki kana nevachengeti
• Vabereki vane matambudziko emari kana vanomanikidzwa kubva kubasa
• Kushungurudzwa kuri kuitika pamba kana imba hainzwe yakachengeteka nedzimwe nzira

Kana kunwa doro kuchimhanya mumhuri, zvakakosha kuti utaure nemwana wako. Usachengete zvakavanzika. Mwana wako anofanira kuziva kuti njodzi dzekumwa chii. Taura nokutendeseka nezvekuti kunwa kwakabata sei nhengo dzemhuri uye taura nezve mhedzisiro yedoro pahupenyu hwako.

Ratidza muenzaniso wakanaka nekunwa zvine mutsigo. Kana iwe uine dambudziko nekushandisa doro, tsvaga rubatsiro kurega.

Kana iwe uchifunga kuti mwana wako ari kunwa asi asingazotauri newe nezvazvo, tsvaga rubatsiro. Mubatsiri wehutano wemwana wako anogona kunge ari nzvimbo yakanaka yekutanga. Zvimwe zviwanikwa zvinosanganisira:

• Zvipatara zvemuno
• Veruzhinji kana vega masangano ehutano hwepfungwa
• Vanachipangamazano pachikoro chemwana wako
• Nzvimbo dzehutano dzevadzidzi
• Zvirongwa zvakaita saAlateen, chikamu chechirongwa cheAl-Anon - al-anon.org/for-members/group-resource/alateen

Doro kushandisa - kuyaruka; Kunwa doro zvisina kufanira - wechidiki; Dambudziko kunwa - kuyaruka; Kudhakwa - kuyaruka; Kunwa pazera - wechidiki

American Psychiatric Association. Zvinetso zvine chekuita nezvechinhu uye kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka. Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual yeMental Dambudziko. 5 ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013: 481-590.

Bo A, Hai AH, Jaccard J. Mapindiro-akavakirwa nevabereki pamhedzisiro yekushandisa doro doro: ongororo yakarongeka uye meta-ongororo. Doro Doro Rinotsamira. 2018; 191: 98-109. PMID: 30096640 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30096440/.

Gilligan C, Wolfenden L, Foxcroft DR, uye al. Zvirongwa zvekudzivirira zvemhuri zvekushandisa doro muvechidiki. Cochrane Dhatabhesi Syst Rev. 2019; 3 (3): CD012287. PMID: 30888061 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30888061/.

National Institute pamusoro peDoro Kunwa Doro uye Alcoholism webhusaiti. Kunwa doro uye kupindira kupfupi kwevechidiki: gwara remushandi. pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Practitioner/YouthGuide/YouthGuide.pdf. Yakagadziridzwa Kukadzi 2019. Yakasvika muna Kubvumbi 9, 2020.

National Institute pamusoro peDoro Kunwa Doro uye Alcoholism webhusaiti. Vechidiki kunwa. www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/underage-dinking. Yakagadziridzwa Ndira 2020. Yakasvika munaJune 8, 2020.

• Kurera vana
• Vechidiki Kunwa