Thalassemia

Thalassemia chirwere cheropa chakapfuudzwa kuburikidza nemhuri (nhaka) umo muviri unoita chimiro chisina kujairika kana huwandu husina kukwana hwehemoglobin. Hemoglobin ipuroteni iri mumasero matsvuku eropa anotakura oxygen. Dambudziko racho rinoguma nekuwanda kwemasero matsvuku eropa ari kuparadzwa, izvo zvinotungamira mukushaya ropa.

Hemoglobin inogadzirwa nemapuroteni maviri:

• Alpha globin
• Beta globin

Thalassemia inoitika kana paine hurema mugene inobatsira kudzora kugadzirwa kweimwe yeaya mapuroteni.

Kune maviri makuru marudzi e thalassemia:

• Alpha thalassemia inoitika kana geni kana magene ane chekuita nealpha globin protein asipo kana kushandurwa (mutated).
• Beta thalassemia inoitika kana akafanana majini kukanganisika kugadzirwa kweiyo beta globin protein.

Alpha thalassemias inoitika kazhinji muvanhu vanobva kuSoutheast Asia, Middle East, China, uye mune avo vanobva kuAfrica.

Beta thalassemias inoitika kazhinji muvanhu vanobva kuMediterranean. Kusvikira padiki padiki, maChinese, vamwe maAsia, uye maAmerican maAmerican vanogona kukanganiswa.

Kune akawanda maficha thalassemia. Rudzi rumwe nerumwe rwune akawanda madiki madiki. Ose maviri alpha uye beta thalassemia anosanganisira aya maviri mafomu anotevera:

• Thalassemia huru
• Thalassemia diki

Iwe unofanirwa kugara nhaka kuremara kwegen'a kubva kuvabereki vaviri kukudziridza thalassemia huru.

Thalassemia diki inoitika kana iwe ukatambira iyo isina kukodzera geni kubva kumubereki mumwe chete. Vanhu vane fomu iyi yechirwere vatakuri vechirwere ichi. Kazhinji yenguva, ivo havana zviratidzo.

Beta thalassemia huru inonziwo Cooley anemia.

Njodzi zvinhu zve thalassemia zvinosanganisira:

• Asia, Chinese, Mediterranean, kana African American dzinza
• Nhoroondo yemhuri yechirwere

Iyo yakanyanyisa fomu yeAlpha thalassemia yakakonzera inokonzera kuberekwa (kufa kwemwana asati aberekwa panguva yekuzvarwa kana nguva dzekupedzisira dzepamuviri).

Vana vanozvarwa vaine beta thalassemia chikuru (Cooley anemia) zvakajairika pakuzvarwa, asi vanokura zvakanyanya kupererwa neropa mukati megore rekutanga rehupenyu.

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Mapfupa akaremara kumeso
• Kuneta
• Kukura kutadza
• Kufema kwekufema
• Ganda jena (jaundice)

Vanhu vane fomu diki yealpha uye beta thalassemia vane masero matsvuku eropa asi vasina zviratidzo.

Mutapi wako wezvehutano achaita bvunzo dzepanyama kuti atarise yakawedzera spleen.

Muenzaniso weropa unozoendeswa ku laboratori kunoongororwa.

• Masero matsvuku eropa anozoonekwa ari madiki uye akaumbwa zvisina kujairika kana akatarisa pasi pe microscope.
• Kuverengera kwakazara kweropa (CBC) kunoratidza kupererwa neropa.
• Chiyero chinonzi hemoglobin electrophoresis inoratidza kuvapo kwechimiro chisina kujairika chehemoglobin.
• Chiyero chinonzi mutational analysis chinogona kubatsira kuona alpha thalassemia.

Kurapa kweiyo thalassemia kukuru kunowanzo sanganisira kuwedzerwa kuwedzerwa kweropa uye folate zvinowedzera.

Kana iwe uchigamuchira kuwedzerwa ropa, haufanire kutora zvinowedzera iron. Kuita izvi kunogona kukonzera huwandu hwakawanda hwesimbi kuvaka mumuviri, izvo zvinogona kukuvadza.

Vanhu vanogamuchira kuwedzerwa kuwedzerwa ropa vanoda kurapwa kunonzi chelation kurapa. Izvi zvinoitwa kubvisa simbi yakawandisa kubva mumuviri.

Kuiswa kwemongo wemapfupa kunogona kubatsira kubata chirwere mune vamwe vanhu, kunyanya vana.

Thalassemia yakasimba inogona kukonzera kufa kwekutanga (pakati pemakore makumi maviri nemakumi matatu) nekuda kwekutadza kwemoyo. Kuwana kuwedzerwa kuwedzerwa kweropa uye kurapwa kubvisa simbi kubva mumuviri kunobatsira kugadzirisa mhedzisiro.

Zvishoma mafomu akaomarara e thalassemia kazhinji haapfupise hupenyu.

Iwe ungangoda kutsvaga kwehungwaru kuraira kana iwe uine nhoroondo yemhuri yemamiriro uye uri kufunga kuve nevana.

Isina kurapwa, thalassemia huru inotungamira kukundikana kwemoyo uye matambudziko echiropa. Zvinoitawo kuti munhu awedzere kuve nehutachiona.

Kuwedzerwa ropa kunogona kubatsira kudzora zvimwe zviratidzo, asi kutakura njodzi yemhedzisiro kubva kune yakawanda iron.

Fonera mupiki wako kana:

• Iwe kana mwana wako ane zviratidzo zve thalassemia.
• Iwe uri kurapwa kwechirwere uye zviratidzo zvitsva zvinokura.

Anemia yeMediterranean; Cooley kupererwa neropa; Beta thalassemia; Arufa thalassemia

• Thalassemia huru
• Thalassemia diki

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Chapin J, Giardina PJ. Thalassemia syndromes. Muna: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Misimboti uye Maitiro. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chits. 40.

Smith-Whitley K, Kwiatkowski JL. Hemoglobinopathies. Mune: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Chinyorwa chePediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsipa 489.