Marariya

Malaria chirwere chehutachiona chinosanganisira kupisa kwakanyanya, kuzunza chando, zviratidzo zvakaita sefuru, uye kupererwa neropa.

Malaria inokonzerwa netupukanana. Inopfuudzwa kuvanhu nekurumwa kwehumhutu hutachiona hweapofles. Mushure mehutachiona, zvipembenene (zvinonzi sporozoites) zvinofamba zvichitevedza ropa kusvika kuchiropa. Ikoko, ivo vanokura uye vanoburitsa imwe fomu yezvipembenene, inonzi merozoites. Utachiona hunopinda muropa uye hunokanganisa masero matsvuku eropa.

Utachiona hunowanda mukati memasero matsvuku eropa. Iwo maseru anobva avhurika mukati memakumi mana nemaawa makumi maviri nemaviri maawa makumi maviri nemasere uye otapura mamwe masero matsvuku eropa. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvinowanzoitika mazuva gumi kusvika kumavhiki mana mushure mekutapukirwa, kunyange zvichikwanisa kuoneka kunge mazuva masere kana kureba segore mushure mehutachiona. Zviratidzo zvinoitika mukutenderera kwemaawa makumi mana nemasere kusvika makumi manomwe nemaviri.

Zviratidzo zvizhinji zvinokonzerwa ne:

• Kusunungurwa kwemerozoites muropa
• Anemia inokonzerwa nekuparadzwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa
• Huru yakawanda yehemoglobin yemahara iri kuburitswa mukutenderera mushure mekunge masero matsvuku eropa azaruka

Malaria inogona kutapuriranwa kubva kuna amai ichienda kumwana wavo asati aberekwa (kuberekwa) uye nekuwedzerwa ropa. Malaria inogona kutakurwa nehumhutu munzvimbo dzakadzikama, asi hutachiona hunonyangarika munguva yechando.

Chirwere idambudziko guru rehutano munzvimbo zhinji dzinodziya nenzvimbo dzinodziya dzinopisa. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention inofungidzira kuti pane mamirioni mazana matatu kusvika mazana mashanu emarariya marariya gore rega rega. Vanopfuura mamirioni vanhu vanofa nazvo. Malaria idambudziko guru rechirwere kune vafambi kunodziya mamiriro ekunze.

Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi pano, humhutu hunotakura marariya hwave kuramba mishonga inouraya zvipembenene. Uye zvakare, zvipembenene zvakagadzira kuramba kumwe mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Aya mamiriro akaita kuti zviome kudzora zvese zviyero zvehutachiona uye kupararira kwechirwere ichi.

Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira:

• Anemia (mamiriro umo muviri usina masero matsvuku eropa ane hutano)
• Ropa zvigaro
• Chill, fivha, kudikitira
• Coma
• Kugwinha
• Kutemwa nemusoro
• Jaundice
• Kutambudzika kwemhasuru
• Kusvotwa uye kurutsa

Munguva yekuongorora kwepanyama, mupi wezvehutano anogona kuwana chiropa chakakudzwa kana chipuka chakawedzerwa.

Miedzo inoitwa inosanganisira:

• Kukurumidza kuongororwa bvunzo, izvo zviri kuve zvakajairika nekuti zviri nyore kushandisa uye zvinoda kudzidziswa kushoma nevanoongorora marabhoritari
• Malaria ropa smear inotorwa pamatanhatu kusvika gumi nemaviri maawa kuti asimbise kuongororwa
• Kuverengera kwakazara kweropa (CBC) kunozivisa kushomeka kweropa kana kuripo

Malaria, kunyanya falciparum malaria, chirwere chekukurumidzira chinoda kugara muchipatara. Chloroquine inowanzoshandiswa semushonga unorwisa malaria. Asi hutachiona hunodzivirira chloroquine hunowanzoitika mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika.

Mishonga inokwanisika yezvirwere zvinodzivirira chloroquine zvinosanganisira:

• Artemisinin rinobva mubatanidzwa, kusanganisira artemether uye lumefantrine
• Atovaquone-proguanil
• Quinine-based regimen, pamwe chete ne doxycycline kana clindamycin
• Mefloquine, pamwe chete neartesunate kana doxycycline

Sarudzo yemushonga inoenderana, muchidimbu, pane kwawakawana hutachiona.

Kuchengetwa, kusanganisira zvinwiwa kuburikidza nemutsinga (IV) uye mimwe mishonga nekufema (kufema) kutsigira kunogona kudikanwa.

Mhedzisiro inotarisirwa kuve yakanaka muzviitiko zvakawanda zvemalaria nekurapwa, asi isina hurombo muhutachiona hwe falciparum nematambudziko.

Zvinetso zvehutano zvinogona kukonzerwa nemarariya zvinosanganisira:

• Utachiona hwehuropi (cerebritis)
• Kuparadzwa kwemasero eropa (hemolytic anemia)
• Itsvo kutadza
• Chiropa kutadza
• Meningitis
• Kukundikana kwekufema kubva ku fluid mumapapu (pulmonary edema)
• Kubvaruka kwepleen kunotungamira mukubuda kweropa mukati (kubuda ropa)

Fonera wako mupi wezvehutano kana iwe uchikura fever uye nemusoro mushure mekushanyira chero nyika yekune imwe nyika.

Vanhu vazhinji vanogara munzvimbo dzinowanikwa malaria vakagadzira hutachiona hwechirwere ichi. Vashanyi havazove nehutachiona uye vanofanirwa kutora mishonga yekudzivirira.

Zvakakosha kuti uone mutarisiri wako wehutano musati waenda. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kurapwa kungangoda kutanga chero masvondo maviri usati waenda kunharaunda, uye ramba uchiita kwemwedzi wabva munzvimbo iyi. Vazhinji vafambi vanobva kuUnited States vanobata malaria vanokundikana kutora matanho akakodzera.

Mhando dzemishonga inorwisa marariya yakatemwa inoenderana nenzvimbo yaunoshanyira. Vafambi vanoenda kuSouth America, Africa, Indian subcontinent, Asia, neSouth Pacific vanofanira kutora mumwe wemishonga inotevera: mefloquine, doxycycline, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine kana atovaquone-proguanil. Kunyangwe vakadzi vane nhumbu vanofanirwa kufunga nezve kutora mishonga yekudzivirira nekuti njodzi kune fetus kubva kumushonga ishoma pane njodzi yekubata hutachiona uhu.

Chloroquine wave uri mushonga wesarudzo yekudzivirira marariya. Asi nekuda kwekuramba, izvozvi zvinongokurudzirwa kuti zvishandiswe munzvimbo dziripo Plasmodium vivax, P oval, uye P malariae varipo.

Falciparum malaria iri kuramba ichiwedzera kurwisa nemishonga inorwisa marariya Mishonga inokurudzirwa inosanganisira mefloquine, atovaquone / proguanil (Malarone), uye doxycycline.

Dzivirira kurumwa neumhutu na:

• Kupfeka zvipfeko zvekudzivirira pamaoko ako nemakumbo
• Kushandisa mosquito mambure paunenge wakarara
• Kushandisa zvipembenene

Kuti uwane ruzivo nezve malaria uye mishonga yekudzivirira, shanyira webhusaiti yeCDC: www.cdc.gov/malaria/travelers/index.html.

Quartan marariya; Falciparum marariya; Fivhiri yeBiduoterian; Fivha yemvura yakasviba; Tertian marariya; Plasmodium

• Malaria - kuona kuduku-duku kwema cell parasites
• Mosquito, munhu mukuru kudya paganda
• Mosquito, zai raft
• Mosquito - makonye
• Mosquito, pupa
• Malaria, kutaridzika kwema microscope kwema cell parasites
• Malaria, photomicrograph yemaseru zvipukanana
• Marariya

Ansong D, Seydel KB, Taylor TE. Marariya. Mu: Ryan ET, Chikomo DR, Solomon T, Aronson NE, Endy TP, eds. Hunter's Tropical Medicine uye Infectious Disease. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 101.

Fairhurst RM, Wellems TE. Malaria (plasmodium marudzi). Mune: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, uye Bennett's Maitiro uye Maitiro Ezvirwere zvinotapukira. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 274.

Freedman DO. Kudzivirirwa kwevafambi. Mune: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, uye Bennett's Maitiro uye Maitiro Ezvirwere zvinotapukira. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 318.