Njovhera

Syphilis chirwere chebhakitiriya chinonyanya kupararira kuburikidza nekubatana pabonde.

Syphilis chirwere chinotapuriranwa pabonde (STI) chinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya Treponema pallidum. Iyi bhakitiriya inokonzeresa hutachiona kana ichipinda muganda rakatyoka kana mamukisi, kazhinji enhengo dzesikarudzi. Syphilis inowanzotapuriranwa kuburikidza nekusangana pabonde, kunyangwe ichigonawo kutapuriranwa nedzimwe nzira.

Syphilis inowanikwa pasi rose, kazhinji mumadhorobha. Kuwanda kwezviitiko kuri kuwedzera nekukurumidza muvarume vanoita bonde nevarume (MSM). Vechidiki vakuru vane makore makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu nemashanu ndivo vane njodzi huru. Nekuti vanhu vanogona kunge vasingazive kuti vane hutachiona ne syphilis, nyika zhinji dzinoda kuongororwa kwe syphilis vasati varoora. Vakadzi vese vane nhumbu vanogamuchira prenatal care vanofanirwa kuongororwa syphilis kudzivirira hutachiona kuti husapfuure kumwana wavo achangozvarwa (congenital syphilis).

Njovhera ine nhanho nhatu:

• Chirwere chepuraimari
• Sekondari njovhera
• Tertiary syphilis (chikamu chekupedzisira chechirwere)

Sekondari syphilis, tertiary syphilis, uye congenital syphilis haisi kuoneka kazhinji muUnited States nekuda kwedzidzo, kuongorora, uye kurapwa.

Iyo incubation nguva yeiyo yekutanga syphilis mazuva gumi nemana kusvika makumi maviri nerimwe. Zviratidzo zvekutanga syphilis ndezvi:

• Diki, isingarwadziwi rakavhunika chironda kana ulcer (inonzi chancre) pane nhengo dzesikarudzi, muromo, ganda, kana rectum inoporesa yega mumavhiki matatu kusvika matanhatu.
• Yakakura lymph node munzvimbo yechironda

Mabhakitiriya anoramba achikura mumuviri, asi pane mashoma zviratidzo kusvika padanho repiri.

Zviratidzo zvechipiri syphilis zvinotanga mavhiki mana kusvika masere mushure mekutanga syphilis. Zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kuputika kweganda, kazhinji pazvanza zvemaoko uye pasi petsoka
• Maronda anonzi mucous patches mukati kana kutenderedza muromo, nyinyo, kana nhengo yemurume
• Mhute, warty zvigamba (zvinonzi condylomata lata) munhengo dzebonde kana dzeganda
• Kupindwa nechando
• Kazhinji kurwara kunzwa
• Kupererwa nechido
• Tsandanyama uye kurwadza kwemajoini
• Kuzvimba lymph node
• Chiono chinoshanduka
• Bvudzi kurasikirwa

Syphilis yepamusoro inowedzera muvanhu vasina kurapwa. Zviratidzo zvinoenderana nenhengo dzakakanganiswa. Zvinosiyana zvakanyanya uye zvinogona kunetsa kuongorora. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira:

• Kukuvadza kwemoyo, zvichikonzera aneurysms kana chirwere chevhavha
• Central nervous system kusagadzikana (neurosyphilis)
• Bundu reganda, mapfupa, kana chiropa

Anopa hutano anoita bvunzo dzepanyama uye obvunza nezvezviratidzo. Miedzo inogona kuitwa inosanganisira:

• Kuongorora kwemvura kubva pachironda (kashoma kuitwa)
• Echocardiogram, aortic angiogram, uye moyo catheterization kutarisa pamidziyo mikuru yeropa nemoyo
• Spinal tap uye kuongororwa kwemuzongoza mvura
• Kuongororwa kweropa kuongorora syphilis bacteria (RPR, VDRL, kana TRUST)

Kana iyo RPR, VDRL, kana TRUST bvunzo iri yakanaka, kumwe kwekuyedza kunotevera kuchadikanwa kusimbisa kuongororwa.

• FTA-ABS (fluorescent treponemal antibody bvunzo)
• MHA-TP
• TP-EIA
• TP-PA

Syphilis inogona kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, yakadai se:

• Penicillin G benzathine
• Doxycycline (mhando ye tetracycline yakapihwa vanhu avo vari seganiki kune penicillin)

Kureba kwekurapa kunoenderana nekuti syphilis yakanyanya sei, uye zvinhu zvakaita sehutano hwomunhu hwese.

Kurapa syphilis panguva yepamuviri, penicillin ndiwo mushonga wesarudzo. Tetracycline haigone kushandiswa pakurapa nekuti ine njodzi kumwana asati aberekwa. Erythromycin haigone kudzivirira kuberekwa njovhera mumwana. Vanhu vane allergiki kune penicillin vanofanirwa kuve vasina hanya nazvo, vobva varapwa nepenicillin.

Maawa akati wandei mushure mekuwana kurapwa kwenyaya dzekutanga njovhera, vanhu vanogona kusangana neiyo Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. Maitiro aya anokonzerwa nekuzvidzivirira mumuviri kuzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nehutachiona uye kwete kurwisa kwehutachiona.

Zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zveiyi maitiro zvinosanganisira:

• Kutonhora
• Kupindwa nechando
• Kazhinji kurwara kunzwa (malaise)
• Kutemwa nemusoro
• Tsandanyama uye kurwadza kwemajoini
• Nausea
• Mapundu

Zviratidzo izvi zvinowanzonyangarika mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana.

Kutevera-kuongorora ropa kunofanirwa kuitwa pamwedzi mitatu, mitanhatu, gumi nemiviri nemakumi maviri nemana kuti hutachiona hwaenda. Dzivisa kusangana pabonde kana chancre iripo. Shandisa makondomu kusvikira bvunzo mbiri dzekutevera dzaratidza kuti hutachiona hwaporeswa, kudzikisa mukana wekutapurirana utachiona.

Vose vanoita zvepabonde nemunhu ane syphilis vanofanira kurapwa. Syphilis inogona kupararira nyore nyore muzvikamu zvekutanga uye zvechipiri.

Njovhera yepuraimari nesekondari inogona kurapwa kana ikaonekwa nekukurumidza uye ikanyatsorapwa.

Kunyangwe syphilis yechipiri inowanzoenda mukati memavhiki, mune dzimwe nguva inogona kutora kusvika gore rimwe chete. Pasina kurapwa, kusvika kune chetatu chevanhu vanozove nekunonoka kunetseka kwesyphilis.

Yakazotevera syphilis inogona kuremadza zvachose, uye inogona kutungamira kurufu.

Zvinetso zve syphilis zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Matambudziko emwoyo (aortitis uye aneurysms)
• Maronda anoparadza eganda nemapfupa (gummas)
• Neurosyphilis
• Syphilitic myelopathy - chinetso chinosanganisira kushaya simba kwemhasuru uye kusanzwisisika kwekunzwa
• Syphilitic meningitis

Pamusoro pezvo, syphilis isingarapwe yechipiri panguva yekuzvitakura inogona kuparadzira chirwere kumwana ari kukura. Izvi zvinonzi congenital syphilis.

Dana musangano kuti uwane musangano wako wehutano kana iwe uine zviratidzo zve syphilis.

Zvekare taura nemupi wako, kana kuongororwa mukiriniki yeSTI kana uine:

• Aive nehukama hwepedyo nemunhu ane syphilis kana chero imwe njovhera
• Inobatanidzwa mune chero njodzi ine njodzi yekuita bonde, kusanganisira kuve nevazhinji kana vasingazivikanwe shamwari kana kushandisa intravenous drug

Kana iwe uchiita zvepabonde, ita zvepabonde zvakachengeteka uye gara uchishandisa kondomu.

Vakadzi vese vane nhumbu vanofanirwa kuongororwa ne syphilis.

Primary njovhera; Secondary njovhera; Late njovhera; Njovhera yepamusoro; Treponema - njovhera; Lues; Zvirwere zvepabonde - syphilis; Zvirwere zvepabonde - syphilis; STD - njovhera; Njovhera - njovhera

• Chirwere chepuraimari
• Varume nevakadzi maitiro ekubereka
• Syphilis - yechipiri pamaoko
• Late-danho njovhera

Ghanem KG, Hook EW. Njovhera. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 303.

Radolf JD, Tramont EC, Salazar JC. Njovhera (Treponema pallidum). Mune: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, uye Bennett's Maitiro uye Maitiro Ezvirwere zvinotapukira. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 237.

Stary G, Stary A. Zvirwere zvepabonde. Mune: Bolognia JL, Schaffer JV, Cerroni L, eds. Dermatology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chits. 82.