Gomarara remuromo wechibereko

Gomarara remuromo wechibereko igomarara rinotanga mumuromo wechibereko. Cervix chikamu chepazasi chechibereko (chibereko) chinovhurika kumusoro kwemukadzi.

Pasi rose, gomarara repamuromo wechibereko ndiro rudzi rwechitatu rwakanyanya kubatwa nekenza mumadzimai. Izvo zvakanyanya kushomeka muUnited States nekuda kwekushandisa kwePap smears.

Gomarara remuchibereko rinotanga mumasero ari pamusoro pemuromo wechibereko. Pane mhando mbiri dzemasero pamusoro pemuromo wechibereko, squamous uye columnar. Zvizhinji zvegomarara remuromo wechibereko zvinobva mumaseru anokatyamadza.

Gomarara remuchibereko rinowanzo kukura zvishoma nezvishoma. Inotanga seyakanyanya mamiriro anonzi dysplasia. Aya mamiriro anogona kuonekwa nePap smear uye anoda kusvika zana muzana kurapika. Zvinogona kutora makore kuti dysplasia ikure kuva gomarara remuromo wechibereko. Vazhinji vakadzi vanoonekwa kuti vane gomarara remuromo wechibereko nhasi havana kunge vaine maPap smear, kana ivo havana kuteedzera zvisina kujairika Pap smear mhedzisiro.

Anenge ese kenza yemuromo wechibereko inokonzerwa nepapillomavirus yevanhu (HPV). HPV hutachiona hwakajairika hunopararira kuburikidza nekusangana paganda-kuganda uyezve nekusangana pabonde. Kune akawanda marudzi akasiyana (maronda) eHPV. Mamwe maronda anotungamira kugomarara remuchibereko. Mamwe marara anogona kukonzera genital warts. Zvimwe hazvikonzeri chero matambudziko zvachose.

Tsika dzevakadzi pabonde nemaitiro zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yake yekubatwa negomarara remuromo wechibereko. Maitiro ane njodzi pabonde anosanganisira:

• Kuita bonde uchiri mudiki
• Kuva nevatano vakawanda
• Kuva nemumwe wako kana vazhinji vaunofambidzana navo vanotora chikamu mune zvakanyanya kuita njodzi pabonde

Zvimwe zvinhu zvine njodzi mukenza wechibereko zvinosanganisira:

• Kwete kuwana mushonga weHPV
• Kuva nehupfumi
• Kuve naamai vakatora mushonga diethylstilbestrol (DES) panguva yekuzvitakura mukutanga kwema1960 kudzivirira kuenda pamuviri.
• Kuva nehutachiona husina simba

Kazhinji yenguva, gomarara rekutanga remuchibereko harina zviratidzo. Zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika zvinosanganisira:

• Kusarongeka kwemukadzi kubuda ropa pakati pezvikamu, mushure mekusangana, kana mushure mekuguma kuenda kumwedzi
• Vaginal kubuda kusingamire, uye kunogona kunge kwakachenuruka, mvura, pink, brown, ropa, kana kunhuhwirira
• Nguva dzinova dzinorema uye dzinogara kwenguva yakareba kupfuura zvakajairwa

Gomarara remuromo wechibereko rinogona kutapukira kumukadzi, lymph nodes, dundira, ura, mapapu, mapfupa uye chiropa. Kazhinji, hapana matambudziko kusvikira gomarara rakwira uye rapararira. Zviratidzo zvemberi kenza yemukomana inogona kusanganisira:

• Kutambudzika shure
• Kurwadziwa kwepfupa kana kutsemuka
• Kuneta
• Kudonha weti kana tsvina kubva mumukadzi
• Kurwadziwa kwegumbo
• Kupererwa nechido
• Kurwadziwa kwepamuviri
• Gumbo rimwe rakazvimba
• Kuonda

Precancerous shanduko yemuromo wechibereko uye gomarara remuromo wechibereko haigone kuoneka neziso rakashama. Kwakaedzwa bvunzo uye maturusi kuti uone mamiriro akadaro.

• Pap smear inojekesa preancers nekenza, asi haigadzirise kwekupedzisira.
• Zvichienderana nezera rako, iyo human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA bvunzo inogona kuitwa pamwe nePap bvunzo. Kana kuti inogona kushandiswa mushure mekunge mukadzi awana chisina kujairika Pap bvunzo mhedzisiro. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa sekutanga bvunzo. Taura nemupi wako wezvehutano nezve iyo bvunzo kana bvunzo zvakakunakira iwe.
• Kana shanduko dzisina kujairika dzikawanikwa, muromo wechibereko unowanzoongororwa pasi pekukudza. Maitiro aya anonzi colposcopy. Zvidimbu zenyama zvinogona kubviswa (biopsied) panguva iyi maitiro. Nyama iyi inozotumirwa kurabhoritari kunoongororwa.
• Maitiro anonzi koni biopsy anogona zvakare kuitwa. Iyi ndiyo nzira inobvisa koni-yakaita wedheji kumberi kwemuromo wechibereko.

Kana gomarara remuromo wechibereko rikaonekwa, mupi achaodha zvimwe bvunzo. Izvi zvinobatsira kuona kuti kenza yapararira zvakadii. Uku kunodaidzwa kunzi staging. Miedzo inogona kusanganisira:

• Chest x-ray
• CT scan yemapapiro
• Cystoscopy
• Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
• MRI yemapapiro
• PET scan

Kurapa kwegomarara remuchibereko kunoenderana ne:

• Chikamu checancer
• Kukura uye chimiro chebundu
• Zera remukadzi uye hutano huzhinji
• Chido chake chekuva nevana mune ramangwana

Gomarara rekutanga remuromo wechibereko rinokwanisa kurapwa nekubvisa kana kuparadza nyama inonamira kana inegomarara. Ichi chikonzero nei Pap smears yakajairika yakakosha kudzivirira gomarara remuchibereko, kana kuibata pachiri kutanga. Kune nzira dzekuvhiya dzekuita izvi pasina kubvisa chibereko kana kukuvadza chibereko chechibereko, kuitira kuti mukadzi agone kuita vana mune ramangwana.

Mhando dzekuvhiyiwa kwecancer precancer, uye pane imwe nguva, diki kwazvo kenza yemukondombera inosanganisira:

• Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) - inoshandisa magetsi kubvisa zvisikwa zvisina kujairika.
• Cryotherapy - inosunungura masero asina kujairika.
• Laser therapy - inoshandisa chiedza kupisa zvisikwa zvisina kujairika.
• Hysterectomy inogona kudikanwa kune vakadzi vane precancer avo vakamboita akawanda LEEP maitiro.
  

Kurapa kweakawedzera mukenza wechibereko kunogona kusanganisira:

• Radical hysterectomy, iyo inobvisa chibereko uye yakawanda yematumbu akakomberedza, kusanganisira lymph node uye chikamu chepamusoro chemukadzi. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa kuvakadzi vadiki, vane hutano vane tumamota tudiki.
• Radiation Therapy, pamwe neyepasi dose chemotherapy, inowanzo shandiswa kuvakadzi vane mamota akakurisa kune radical hysterectomy kana vakadzi vasiri vakanaka musarudzo yekuvhiyiwa.
  
• Pelvic exenteration, yakanyanyisa mhando yekuvhiya iyo mitezo yese yemukati wechiuno, kusanganisira dundira uye rectum, inobviswa.

Radiation inogona zvakare kushandiswa kurapa kenza yakadzoka.

Chemotherapy inoshandisa mishonga kuuraya cancer. Inogona kupihwa yega kana nekuvhiyiwa kana radiation.

Unogona kudzikisira kushushikana kwehurwere nekujoinha boka rekutsigira gomarara. Kugovana nevamwe vane zvakajairika zviitiko uye matambudziko zvinogona kukubatsira kuti usazonzwa kusurukirwa.

Kuita zvakanaka kwemunhu kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira:

• Rudzi rwegomarara remuchibereko
• Chikamu checancer (yakapararira zvakadii)
• Zera uye hutano huzhinji
• Kana gomarara rikadzoka mushure mekurapwa

Precancerous mamiriro anogona kurapwa zvachose kana akateedzerwa kumusoro uye kurapwa zvakanaka. Vakadzi vazhinji vapenyu mumakore mashanu (mashanu-makore ekupona mwero) yekenza yakapararira mukati memadziro emuromo wechibereko asi kwete kunze kwenzvimbo yechibereko. Iyo makore mashanu ekupona mwero inowira apo gomarara rinopararira kunze kwemadziro emuromo wechibereko kupinda mune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Zvinetso zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Njodzi yegomarara inodzoka muvakadzi vane kurapwa kuchengetedza chibereko
• Matambudziko epabonde, ura, uye basa redundira mushure mekuvhiyiwa kana radiation

Fonera mupiki wako kana iwe:

• Hauna kuve neyakajairwa Pap smears
• Iva neropa risina kujairika kubuda ropa kana kubuda

Gomarara remuromo wechibereko rinogona kudzivirirwa nekuita zvinotevera:

• Tora mushonga weHPV. Mushonga unodzivirira mhando zhinji dzehutachiona hweHIVV hunokonzera gomarara remuromo wechibereko. Wako anokupa anogona kukuudza kana mushonga wacho wakakukodzera.
• Dzidzira bonde rakachengeteka. Kushandisa makondomu panguva yepabonde kunoderedza njodzi yeHIVV nezvimwe zvirwere zvepabonde (STIs).
• Ganhurira huwandu hwevakabatana pabonde vauinavo. Dzivisa vadyidzani vari kushingairira panjodzi dzakanyanya.
• Tora Pap smears kazhinji sekurudziro yaunopihwa nemupi wako. Pap smears inogona kubatsira kuona shanduko yekutanga, iyo inogona kurapwa isati yashanduka kuita gomarara remuchibereko.
• Tora bvunzo yeHIVV kana ikakurudzirwa nemupi wako. Inogona kushandiswa pamwe chete nePap bvunzo kuongorora gomarara remuchibereko mumadzimai makore makumi matatu zvichikwira.
• Kana uchisvuta, rega. Kusvuta kunowedzera mukana wako wekubata gomarara remuromo wechibereko.

Kenza - cervix; Gomarara remuromo wechibereko - HPV; Gomarara remuromo wechibereko - dysplasia

• Hysterectomy - mudumbu - kubuda
• Hysterectomy - laparoscopic - kubuda
• Hysterectomy - kusangana nekutsi kwemukadzi - kubuda
• Pelvic radiation - kubuda

• Gomarara remuromo wechibereko
• Cervical neoplasia
• Pap smear
• Cervical biopsy
• Cold koni biopsy
• Gomarara remuromo wechibereko
• Pap smears uye gomarara remuchibereko

American College yeVadzvanyiriri uye Gynecologists, Komiti yeVadiki Yehutano Hutano, Yekudzivirira Nyanzvi Yekushanda Boka. Maonero eKomiti Nhamba 704, Chikumi 2017. www.acog.org/Resource-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Adolescent-Health-Care/Human-Papillomavirus-Vaccination. Yakasvika muna Ndira 23, 2020.

Nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza Dziviriro uye Kudzivirira webhusaiti. Papillomavirus yevanhu (HPV). Chiremba zvinyowani mapepa uye nhungamiro. www.cdc.gov/hpv/hcp/schedules-recommendations.html. Yakagadziridzwa Nyamavhuvhu 15, 2019. Yakasvika munaNdira 23, 2020.

Hacker NF. Cervical dysplasia nekenza. Mune: Hacker NF, Gambone JC, Hobel CJ, eds. Hacker uye Moore Zvakakosha zveOstetrics uye Gynecology. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chitsiko 38.

Salcedo MP, Baker ES, Schmeler KM. Intraepithelial neoplasia yepasi genital turakiti (cervix, vagina, vulva): etiology, kuongorora, kuongororwa, manejimendi Mune: Lobo RA, Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, eds. Yakakwana Gynecology. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chitsiko 28.

US Yekudzivirira Services Task Force webhusaiti. Gomarara remuromo wechibereko: kuongorora. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cervical-cancer-screening. Yakaburitswa Nyamavhuvhu 21, 2018. Yakasvika munaNdira 23, 2020.