Zera-rakabatana macular degeneration

Macular degeneration idambudziko remaziso iro rinoparadza zvishoma nezvishoma rakapinza, repakati chiratidzo. Izvi zvinoita kuti zviome kuona zvakanaka ruzivo uye kuverenga.

Chirwere ichi chinonyanya kuwanikwa muvanhu vanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu, ndosaka ichiwanzodaidzwa kuti zera-rinoenderana macular degeneration (ARMD kana AMD).

Iyo retina iri kumashure kweziso. Inochinja mwenje nemifananidzo zvinopinda muziso muzviratidzo zvetsinga zvinotumirwa kuuropi. Chikamu cheti retina chinonzi macula chinoita kuti chiono chipararire uye chinyatso tsanangurwa. Inzvimbo yeyero iri pakati peti reti. Iyo ine yakakwira huwandu hwemaviri mavara echisikigo (pigments) anonzi lutein uye zeaxanthin.

AMD inokonzerwa nekukuvara kumidziyo yeropa inopa macula. Shanduko iyi inokuvadzawo macula.

Kune mhando mbiri dze AMD:

• Dry AMD inoitika apo tsinga dzeropa dziri pasi pemacula dzinoonda uye kupwanyika. Diki diki dhipoziti, inonzi drusen, fomu. Vanenge vese vanhu vane macular degeneration vanotanga neoma fomu.
• Wet AMD inoitika mune ingangoita gumi muzana yevanhu vane macular degeneration. Midzi mitsva yeropa isina kujairika uye isina kusimba inokura pasi pemacula. Iyi midziyo inodonha ropa uye mvura. Mhando iyi ye AMD inokonzeresa kurasikirwa kwekuona kwakabatana nemamiriro acho.

Vanachiremba havana chokwadi chinokonzera AMD. Mamiriro acho haana kujairika asati asvika makore makumi mashanu nemashanu. Inoitika zvakanyanya muvanhu vane makore makumi manomwe nemashanu kana kupfuura.

Njodzi zvinhu zve AMD ndezvi:

• Nhoroondo yemhuri ye AMD
• Kuva Muchena
• Kusvuta fodya
• Kudya kwemafuta mazhinji
• Kuva mukadzi

Iwe unogona kunge usina chero zviratidzo pakutanga. Sezvo chirwere ichi chichiwedzera, iwe unogona kunge uine matambudziko neako wepakati chiratidzo.

Zviratidzo zvekuoma AMD

Chiratidzo chakajairika cheoma AMD chakajeka kuona. Zvinhu zviri pakati pechikamu chechiratidzo chako zvinowanzo tarisa zvakamonyaniswa uye kusviba, uye mavara anotaridzika kupera. Unogona kunetseka kuverenga zvakadhindwa kana kuona zvimwewo. Asi iwe unogona kuona zvakanaka zvakakwana kufamba uye kuita zviitwa zvezuva nezuva.

Sezvo yakaoma AMD inowedzera, ungangoda mwenje wakawanda kuti uverenge kana kuita mabasa ezuva nezuva. Nzvimbo yakasviba pakati pechiono inowedzera kukura uye kusviba.

Mune anotevera matanho eakaoma AMD, unogona kusakwanisa kuona zviso kusvika zvave padyo.

Zviratidzo zveWET AMD

Chiratidzo chekutanga chakanyanya kunyorova che AMD ndechekuti mitsara yakatwasuka inotaridzika yakamonyaniswa uye wavy.

Panogona kunge paine nzvimbo dema dema pakati pechiono chako chinokura nekufamba kwenguva.

Nemhando mbiri idzi dze AMD, kurasikirwa kwemaonero epakati kunogona kuitika nekukurumidza. Kana izvi zvikaitika, iwe uchafanirwa kuonekwa ipapo ne ophthalmologist. Ita shuwa kuti uyu chiremba weziso ane ruzivo pakurapa matambudziko neiyo retina.

Unozobvunzurudzwa maziso. Madonhwe anozoiswa mumaziso ako kuti uwedzere (kurerutsa) vadzidzi vako. Chiremba weziso anoshandisa malenzi akakosha kuti aone diso rako, tsinga dzeropa, uye tsinga yemaziso.

Chiremba weziso achatsvaga shanduko mune macula uye tsinga dzeropa uye nedrusen.

Iwe unogona kubvunzwa kuvhara rimwe ziso uye wotarisa patani yemitsetse inonzi iyo Amsler grid. Kana mitsara yakatwasuka ichitarisa wavy, inogona kunge iri chiratidzo che AMD.

Mimwe bvunzo inogona kuitwa inosanganisira:

• Kushandisa dhayi yakakosha uye kamera kutarisa kuyerera kweropa muitina (fluorescein angiogram)
• Kutora pikicha yemukati mekunze kweziso (fundus Photography)
• Uchishandisa mafungu emwenje kuona iyo retina (optical coherence tomography)
• Chiyero chinoyera pigment mune macula

Kana iwe wafambira mberi kana yakaoma AMD yakaoma, hapana kurapwa kunogona kudzoreredza chiono chako.

Kana iwe uine yekutanga AMD uye usingaputi, musanganiswa wemamwe mavitamini, antioxidants, uye zinc zvinogona kudzivirira chirwere ichi kubva pakuwedzera. Asi haigone kukudzosera chiratidzo icho chakatorasika.

Iko kusanganiswa kunowanzozodaidzwa kuti "AREDS" fomula. Izvo zvinowedzera zvine:

• 500 milligrams (mg) evitamini C
• 400 epasi rese zvikamu zve beta-carotene
• 80 mg zinc
• 2 mg yemhangura

Ingotora izvi vhitamini musanganiswa kana chiremba wako achikurudzira. Ita shuwa kuti chiremba wako anoziva nezve chero mamwe mavitamini kana ekuwedzera auri kutora. Vakasvuta havafanirwe kushandisa ichi chinowedzera.

AREDS inogona zvakare kukubatsira iwe kana uine nhoroondo yemhuri uye njodzi zviitiko zve AMD.

Lutein uye zeaxanthin, izvo zvinhu zvinowanikwa mumashizha emashizha emashizha, zvinogonawo kuderedza ngozi yako yekukanganiswa kwemazera ane makore.

Kana iwe wakanyorova AMD, chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira:

• Kuvhiyiwa kweLaser (laser photocoagulation) - danda diki remwenje rinoparadza rinodonha, isina kujairika tsinga dzeropa.
• Photodynamic kurapa - mwenje inomutsa mushonga unodhonzwa mumuviri wako kuparadza irikuyerera tsinga dzeropa.
• Mishonga yakakosha inodzivirira mitsipa yeropa mitsva kubva mukuumbwa muziso inopinzwa muziso (iyi inzira isingarwadze).

Yepasi-ekuona anobatsira (senge akasarudzika lenzi) uye kurapwa kunogona kukubatsira iwe kushandisa chiono chauinacho zvinobudirira, uye nekuvandudza yako hupenyu hwehupenyu.

Vhara kuteedzera nachiremba wako weziso kwakakosha.

• Kune yakaoma AMD, shanyira chiremba wako weziso kamwe chete pagore kuitira bvunzo yakakwana yemaziso.
• Ye AMD yakanyorova, iwe ungangoda kazhinji, pamwe pamwedzi, yekutevera-yekushanya.

Kutanga kuona kwekuchinja kwemaonero kwakakosha nekuti kana ukakurumidza kurapwa, zvirinani mhedzisiro yako. Kuonekwa kwekutanga kunotungamira kurapwa kwekutanga uye kazhinji, mhedzisiro iri nani.

Nzira yakanakisa yekuona shanduko ndeyekuzviongorora wega pamba neiyo Amsler grid. Chiremba weziso rako anogona kukupa kopi yeiyo grid kana iwe unogona kuprinda imwe kubva paInternet. Edza ziso rega rega pachako paunenge wakapfeka magirazi ako ekuverenga. Kana iyo mitsara ichitaridzika kunge yavy, fonera chiremba weziso ipapo ipapo kuti uone musangano.

Izvi zviwanikwa zvinogona kupa rumwe ruzivo nezve macular degeneration:

• Macular Degeneration Association - macularhope.org
• National Eye Institute - www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/age-related-macular-degeneration

AMD haina kukanganisa divi (peripheral) chiratidzo. Izvi zvinoreva kurasikirwa kwakakwana kwemaonero hakuzomboitika. AMD inoguma nekurasikirwa kwepakati chiratidzo chete.

Yakapfava, yakaoma AMD kazhinji haina kukonzera kuremadza kwepakati kurasikirwa kurasikirwa.

Wet AMD inowanzo tungamira mukukosha kwekuona kurasikirwa.

Kazhinji, ne AMD unogona kurasikirwa nekugona kuverenga, kutyaira mota, uye kuziva zviso zviri kure. Asi vanhu vazhinji vane AMD vanogona kuita mabasa ezuva nezuva pasina kuomerwa kukuru.

Kana iwe uine AMD, mupi wako wezvehutano anogona kukurudzira kuti iwe utarise chiono chako zuva rega rega neiyo Amsler grid. Fonera mupiki wako nekukasira kana mitsara yacho yatarisa wavy. Zvakare fona kana iwe ukaona dzimwe shanduko muchiono chako.

Kunyangwe pasina nzira inozivikanwa yekudzivirira macular degeneration, kutungamira mararamiro ane hutano kunogona kudzikisa njodzi yako yekukudziridza AMD:

• Usapute
• Chengetedza chikafu chine hutano chakakwira muzvibereko nemiriwo uye chakaderera mumafuta emhuka
• Rovedza muviri nguva dzose
• Chengetedza huremu hune hutano

Ona nyanzvi yako yekuchengetedza ziso nguva zhinji kuitira bvunzo dzemaziso dzakawedzeredzwa.

Zera-rakabatana macular degeneration (ARMD); AMD; Chiratidzo kurasikirwa - AMD

• Macular kudzikira
• Retina

American Academy yeOphthalmology webhusaiti. Retina / Vitreous Committee, Hoskins Center yeMhando Yemaziso Kuchengeta. Yakasarudzika Dzidzira Muenzaniso Nongedzo. Zera-rakabatana macular degeneration PPP 2019. www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/age-related-macular-degeneration-ppp. Yakagadziridzwa Gumiguru 2019. Yakasvika munaNdira 24, 2020.

Wenick AS, Bressler NM, Bressler SB. Zera-rakabatana macular degeneration: isiri-neovascular yekutanga AMD, yepakati AMD, uye geographic atrophy. Mu: Schachat AP, Sadda SR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, eds. Retina yaRyan. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chitsuwa 68.