Autism spectrum kusagadzikana

Autism spectrum kusagadzikana (ASD) chirwere chekuvandudza. Inowanzoonekwa mumakore ekutanga matatu ehupenyu. ASD inokanganisa kugona kwehuropi kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwemagariro uye kutaurirana.

Chikonzero chaicho cheASD hachizivikanwe. Zvichida kuti zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinotungamira kuASD. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti majini anogona kuve achibatanidzwa, sezvo ASD inomhanya mune dzimwe mhuri. Mimwe mishonga inotorwa panguva yepamuviri inogona zvakare kutungamira kuASD mumwana.

Zvimwe zvikonzero zvakafungidzirwa, asi hazvina kuratidzwa. Mamwe masayendisiti anotenda kuti kukanganisa kwechimwe chikamu cheuropi, kunodaidzwa kunzi amygdala, kunogona kuve kuchikonzerwa. Vamwe vari kutarisa kuti hutachiona hunogona kukonzera zviratidzo.

Vamwe vabereki vakanzwa kuti majekiseni anogona kukonzera ASD. Asi zvidzidzo hazvina kuwana hukama pakati pemishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere neASD. Ose nyanzvi mapoka ekurapa nehurumende vanoti hapana hukama pakati pemishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere neASD.

Kuwedzera kwevana vane ASD kunogona kunge kuri nekuda kwekuongororwa zviri nani uye matsva matsva eASD. Autism spectrum kusagadzikana ikozvino kunosanganisira syndromes iyo yaimboonekwa seyakasiyana matambudziko:

• Autistic kusagadzikana
• Asperger chirwere
• Hwekuparadzaniswa kwehudiki kusagadzikana
• Kupararira kwekukura kusagadzikana

Vabereki vazhinji veASD vana vanofungidzira kuti pane chimwe chinhu chakanganisika panguva iyo mwana ave nemwedzi gumi nesere. Vana vane ASD vanowanzova nezvinetso ne:

• Kunyepedzera kutamba
• Kushamwaridzana kwevanhu
• Kutaura uye kusataura

Vamwe vana vanoita kunge vakajairika vasati vasvitsa makore 1 kana 2. Ivo vanobva vangoerekana varasa mutauro kana hunyanzvi hwehukama hwavaive nahwo.

Zviratidzo zvinogona kusiyana kubva pakati nepakati kusvika zvakanyanya.

Munhu ane autism anogona:

• Iva nehanya kwazvo mukuona, kunzwa, kubata, kunhuwidza, kana kuravira (semuenzaniso, vanoramba kupfeka "zvinonzwikwa" mbatya uye vanotsamwa kana vakamanikidzwa kupfeka mbatya)
• Iva akashatirwa kana maitiro achinja
• Dzokorora kufamba kwemuviri kakawanda
• Batanidzwa zvisina kujairika kuzvinhu

Zvinetso zvekutaurirana zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Haikwanise kutanga kana kuchengetedza hurukuro
• Inoshandisa masaini pane mazwi
• Inokudziridza mutauro zvishoma nezvishoma kana kwete zvachose
• Haigadzirise kutarisa kuti utarise zvinhu izvo vamwe vari kutarisa
• Hazvireve kuzviitira nenzira kwayo (semuenzaniso, inoti "unoda mvura" apo mwana zvinoreva kuti "ndinoda mvura")
• Hazvinongedze kuratidza vamwe vanhu zvinhu (zvinowanzoitika mumwedzi gumi nemana yekutanga yehupenyu)
• Inodzokorora mazwi kana ndima dzinoyeukwa, senge kushambadza

Kushamwaridzana kwevanhu:

• Hazviite shamwari
• Haitambe mitambo yekudyidzana
• Yabviswa
• Inogona kusapindura pakubata kumeso kana kunyemwerera, kana inogona kudzivirira kusangana kwemaziso
• Unogona kubata vamwe sezvinhu
• Unofarira kuva wega pane kuva nevamwe
• Haikwanise kuratidza kunzwira tsitsi

Mhinduro kune ruzivo rwekunzwa:

• Haivhunduke ruzha rukuru
• Iine akakwirira zvakanyanya kana akaderera kwazvo ekuona, kunzwa, kubata, kunhuwidza, kana kuravira
• Vanogona kuwana ruzha rwemhando dzose rwunorwadza uye bata maoko avo panzeve dzavo
• Inogona kubva pakubata kwepanyama nekuti yakanyanyisa kukurudzira kana kukurisa
• Rubs huso, muromo kana zvinhu zvekunanzva
• Unogona kuva nemhinduro yepamusoro kana yakaderera pakurwadziwa

Tamba:

• Hazviteedzere zviito zvevamwe
• Anosarudza oga kana tsika yekutamba
• Inoratidza kutamba kwekunyepedzera kana kwekufungidzira

Maitiro:

• Inoshanda nekutsamwa kukuru
• Inobatirira pane imwe chete musoro kana basa
• Ane pfupi pfupi span
• Ine zvido zvakamanikana kwazvo
• Inonyanya kukoshesa kana kungonyanyisa
• Ine hukasha kune vamwe kana wega
• Inoratidza kudiwa kwakasimba kwezvinhu zvakafanana
• Inodzokorora kufamba kwemuviri

Vese vana vanofanirwa kuve nemiedzo yenguva dzose inoitwa nachiremba wevana.Dzimwe bvunzo dzinogona kudikanwa kana mupi wezvehutano kana vabereki vane hanya. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kana mwana akasangana neyese eaya matanho anokosha emitauro:

• Kubhabhatidza nemwedzi gumi nembiri
• Kugunun'una (kunongedza, kusimudzira bye-bye) nemwedzi gumi nembiri
• Kutaura mazwi mumwechete nemwedzi gumi nematanhatu
• Kutaura mazwi maviri-ezvimwewo zvirevo nemwedzi makumi maviri nemana (kwete kungo dairira)
• Kurasikirwa chero mutauro kana hushamwari hushamwari chero zera

Vana ava vangangoda bvunzo yekunzwa, kuongorora kweropa, uye kuongorora kweASD.

Mupiki ane ruzivo rwekuongorora nekurapa ASD anofanira kuona mwana kuti anyatsoongorora. Nekuti hapana kuongororwa kweropa kweASD, kuongororwa kunowanzoenderana nemirairidzo kubva mubhuku rekurapa rakanzi Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual yeMental Dambudziko (DSM-V).

Kuongororwa kweASD kunowanzo sanganisira yakakwana muviri uye huta hurongwa (neurologic) bvunzo. Kuedzwa kunogona kuitwa kuti uone kana paine dambudziko nemajini kana muviri wemetabolism. Metabolism maitiro emuviri uye emakemikari maitiro.

ASD inosanganisira yakawanda zviratidzo. Saka, imwe chete, pfupi kuongorora haigone kutaurira kugona kwechokwadi kwemwana. Zviri nani kuve nechikwata chevanoongorora mwana. Ivo vanogona kuongorora:

• Kutaurirana
• Mutauro
• Unyanzvi hwemotokari
• Kutaura
• Kubudirira kuchikoro
• Kugona kufunga

Vamwe vabereki havadi kuti mwana wavo aonekwe nekuti vanotya kuti mwana achazonyorwa. Asi pasina kuongororwa, mwana wavo anogona kusawana kurapwa kunodiwa uye mabasa.

Panguva ino, hapana mushonga weASD. Chirongwa chekurapa chichavandudza zvakanyanya maonero evana vadiki vazhinji. Mapurogiramu mazhinji anovaka pane zvido zvemwana muchirongwa chakanyatsorongeka chezviitiko zvinovaka.

Zvirongwa zvekurapa zvinogona kusanganisa maitiro, anosanganisira:

• Yakashandiswa maitiro kuongorora (ABA)
• Mishonga, kana ichidikanwa
• Kurapa pabasa
• Kurapa kwepanyama
• Kutaura-mutauro mutauro

KUSHANDISA BHAIBHERI ANALYSIS (ABA)

Chirongwa ichi ndechevana vadiki. Inobatsira mune dzimwe nguva. ABA inoshandisa kudzidzisa-kune-kumwe kunosimbisa hunyanzvi hwakasiyana. Chinangwa ndechekuswededza mwana padhuze nekujairika mashandiro ezera rake.

Chirongwa cheABA chinowanzoitwa mumba memwana. Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa inoona nezvechirongwa ichi. Zvirongwa zveABA zvinogona kudhura zvakanyanya uye hazvishandiswe zvakanyanya nemahurongwa echikoro. Vabereki vanowanzo fanirwa kutsvaga mari uye vashandi kubva kune zvimwe zviwanikwa, izvo zvisingawanikwe munharaunda zhinji.

CHEMA

Chimwe chirongwa chinonzi Kurapa uye Dzidzo yeAtistic uye Inoenderana Kutaurirana Vakaremara Vana (TEACCH). Inoshandisa mapikicha emifananidzo uye zvimwe zvinoonekwa. Izvi zvinobatsira vana kushanda vega uye kuronga nekugadzirisa nharaunda dzavo.

Kunyangwe TEACCH ichiedza kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwemwana uye kugona kuchinjika, inogamuchirawo matambudziko anosangana neASD. Kusiyana nezvirongwa zveABA, TEACCH haitarisiri kuti vana vabudirire nenzira yekurapa.

MISHONGA

Hakuna mushonga unorapa ASD pachayo. Asi mishonga inowanzoshandiswa kurapa hunhu kana matambudziko epfungwa angave nevanhu vane ASD. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Mhirizhonga
• Kufunganya
• Matambudziko ekucherechedza
• Kumanikidza kwakanyanya uko mwana asingakwanise kumisa
• Kusanyanyisa
• Kushushikana
• Kushatirwa
• Mafungiro anochinja
• Kuputika
• Kurara kunetseka
• Kushatirwa

Mushonga chete risperidone ndiwo unobvumidzwa kurapa vana vane makore mashanu kusvika pagumi neshanu nekuda kwekushatirwa uye hasha dzinogona kuitika neASD. Mimwe mishonga iyo inogona zvakare kushandiswa ndeyekusimudzira manzwiro uye zvinokurudzira.

ZVOKUDYA

Vamwe vana vane ASD vanoita kunge vanoita zvakanaka pane isina guteni-isina kana kasitini-isina chikafu. Gluteni iri muzvikafu zvine gorosi, rye uye bhari. Casein iri mumukaka, chizi, uye zvimwe zvinogadzirwa nemukaka. Havasi vese nyanzvi dzinobvumirana kuti shanduko mukudya inoita mutsauko. Uye kwete zvese zvidzidzo zvakaratidza mhedzisiro.

Kana iwe uri kufunga nezve izvi kana zvimwe zvekuchinja shanduko, taura kune vese mupi uye chiremba akanyoreswa. Iwe unoda kuve nechokwadi chekuti mwana wako achiri kuwana macalorie akakwana uye izvo zvinovaka muviri.

MIMWE ZVINOSVIKA

Ngwarira kurapwa kwakapararira kweASD iyo isina rutsigiro rwesainzi, uye mishumo yekurapa kwezvishamiso. Kana mwana wako aine ASD, taura nevamwe vabereki. Kurukuraiwo zvinokunetsai nenyanzvi dzeASD. Tevedza kufambira mberi kweASD tsvagiridzo, iri kukurumidza kukura.

Masangano mazhinji anopa rumwe ruzivo uye rubatsiro paASD.

Nokurapwa kwakanaka, zviratidzo zvakawanda zveASD zvinogona kuvandudzwa. Vanhu vazhinji vane ASD vane zvimwe zviratidzo muhupenyu hwavo hwese. Asi, ivo vanokwanisa kugara nemhuri dzavo kana munharaunda.

ASD inogona kuve yakabatana nemamwe matambudziko ehuropi, akadai se:

• Fragile X chirwere
• Urema hwekuziva
• Tuberous sclerosis

Vamwe vanhu vane autism vanogwinha.

Kushushikana kwekubata neatism kunogona kutungamira kumatambudziko emagariro uye emanzwiro emhuri nevachengeti, uye kune munhu ane autism.

Vabereki vanowanzo fungidzira kuti kune dambudziko rekusimudzira nguva refu chirwere chisati chaitwa. Fonera mupiki wako kana iwe uchifunga kuti mwana wako haasi kukura zvakajairika.

Autism; Autistic kusagadzikana; Asperger chirwere; Dambudziko rekuparadzaniswa kwehucheche; Kupararira kwekukura kusagadzikana

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Nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza Dziviriro uye Kudzivirira webhusaiti. Autism spectrum kusagadzikana, mazano uye nhungamiro. www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/hcp-recommendations.html. Yakagadziridzwa Nyamavhuvhu 27, 2019. Yakasvika May 8, 2020.

Nass R, Sidhu R, Ross G. Autism uye humwe hurema hwekuvandudza. Mune: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology muClinical Dzidzira. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chits 90.

National Institute yeMental Health webhusaiti. Autism spectrum kusagadzikana. www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorders-asd/index.shtml. Yakagadziridzwa Kurume 2018. Yakasvika May 8, 2020.