Kusanganiswa kwemapfupa nzeve

Kusanganiswa kwemapfupa enzeve ndiko kubatana kwemabhonzo enzeve yepakati. Aya ndiwo incus, malleus, uye stapes mapfupa. Kusanganiswa kana kugadziriswa kwemapfupa kunotungamira mukurasikirwa kwekunzwa, nekuti mapfupa haasi kufamba uye kudedera mukuita kumafungu ezwi.

Nyaya dzakabatana dzinosanganisira:

• Husingaperi nzeve chirwere
• Otosclerosis
• Pakati nzeve kusanzwisisika

• Nzeve anatomy
• Zvekurapa zvakawanikwa zvinoenderana nenzeve yenzeve

Imba JW, Cunningham CD. Otosclerosis. Mune: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Musoro & Neck Kuvhiya. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: chitsauko 146.

O'Handley JG, Tobin EJ, Shah AR. Otorhinolaryngology. Mune: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, eds. Chinyorwa cheMhuri Mishonga. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chits.

Prueter JC, Teasley RA, Kudzoka DD. Kuongororwa kwekiriniki uye kurapwa kwekurapa kwekuteerera kwekunzwa kurasikirwa Mune: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Musoro & Neck Kuvhiya. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: chits. 145.

Rwizi A, Yoshikawa N. Otosclerosis. Mune: Myers EN, Snyderman CH, eds. Inoshanda Otolaryngology Musoro uye Neck Kuvhiya. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chits. 133.