Vechidiki uye zvinodhaka

Semubereki, zvakajairika kunetseka nezvemwana wako ari kuyaruka. Uye, sevabereki vazhinji, unogona kutya kuti mwana wako anogona kuyedza zvinodhaka, kana zvakatonyanya, kuzomira pamishonga.

Kunyangwe iwe usingakwanise kudzora zvese zvinoitwa nemwana wako achiri kuyaruka, unogona kutora matanho ekubatsira mwana wako kuti arege kure nemishonga. Kutanga nekudzidza zvese zvaunogona nezve zvinodhaka uye kushandisa zvinodhaka. Dzidza zviratidzo zvekushandisa zvinodhaka kuitira kuti ugone kusvinura. Wobva washandisa aya matipi kubatsira kudzivirira kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka mumwana wako achiri kuyaruka.

Kutanga, dzidza nezvemhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga inogona kushandiswa. Vechidiki vechidiki vane mukana wekushandisa zvinodhaka kupfuura vechidiki. Mbanje (poto) ichiri yakajairika. Vechidiki vakawanda vari kushandisa mishonga yekunyorera.

NEI VECHIDIKI VACHISHANDISA ZVINODHAKA?

Kune zvikonzero zvakawanda nei vechidiki vangashandisa zvinodhaka. Zvimwe zvikonzero zvakajairika zvinosanganisira:

• Kukwana. Nzvimbo yemagariro yakakosha kune vechidiki. Mwana wako ari kuyaruka anogona kushandisa zvinodhaka mukuyedza kukwana shamwari kana kufadza boka idzva revana.
• Kugarisana nevamwe. Vamwe vechidiki vanoshandisa zvinodhaka nekuti zvinodzikisira kuzvidzora kwavo uye zvinoita kuti vagadzikane munharaunda.
• Kugadzirisa shanduko dzehupenyu. Shanduko haisi nyore kune chero munhu. Vamwe vechidiki vanotendeukira kuzvinodhaka kubata nemamiriro ezvinhu sekufamba, kutanga pachikoro chitsva, kuyaruka, kana kuenda kuburikidza nekurambana kwevabereki vavo.
• Kugadzirisa marwadzo uye kushushikana. Vechidiki vanogona kushandisa zvinodhaka kugadzirisa matambudziko nemhuri, shamwari, chikoro, hutano hwepfungwa, kana kuzvishingisa.

KURAURA NEVAKUYARUKA NEZVENYU ZVEMAZHARA

Hazvisi nyore, asi zvakakosha kutaura nemwana wako ari kuyaruka nezvezvinodhaka. Ndiyo imwe yedzakanakisa nzira dzekudzivirira kushandisa kwevechidiki zvinodhaka. Heano mamwe matipi.

• Usaite "hurukuro huru" imwechete. Pane kudaro, ramba uchikurukura pamusoro pezvinodhaka nemwana wako achiri kuyaruka. Shandisa nhau nhau, zviratidzo zveTV, kana mafirimu senzvimbo yekutangira hurukuro.
• Usataure. Panzvimbo iyoyo, bvunza mibvunzo yakavhurika senge, "Unofunga kuti nei vana ivavo vaishandisa zvinodhaka?" kana, "Wakambopihwa mishonga here?" Mwana wako ari kuyaruka anogona kupindura nenzira yakanaka kana iwe ukave nehurukuro chaiyo.
• Itai kuti mwana wenyu azive manzwiro amunoita. Ita kuti zvive pachena kumwana wako ari kuyaruka kuti haufarire kushandisa zvinodhaka.
• Ipa wako wechidiki nguva yekutaura uye teerera usingamudimbure. Izvi zvicharatidza kuti une hanya nemafungiro emwana wako.
• Tora imwe nguva zuva rega rega uchitaura nezve zviri kuitika muhupenyu hwewechidiki. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kutaura kana nyaya dzakasimba dzauya, senge doro, zvinodhaka, uye bonde.

BATSIRA KUDZIVIRIRA KUSHANDISWA KWEMAHARA

Kunyangwe pasina nzira yechokwadi yemoto yekuita chokwadi chekuti mwana wako haamboiti zvinodhaka, unogona kutora matanho anotevera kubatsira kuzvidzivirira.

• Ramba uchibatanidzwa. Vaka hukama hwakasimba nemwana wako ari kuyaruka uye muratidze kutsigira zvavanofarira.
• Iva muenzaniso wakanaka. Maitiro ako pachako anotumira meseji yakananga kumwana wako, kunyangwe uchizviziva kana kuti kwete. Usashandise zvinodhaka, uye shandisa mishonga inonyorwa chete sekurairwa. Kana iwe uchinwa doro, zviite zvine mwero.
• Sangana uye uzive shamwari dzako dzevechidiki. Kana zvichibvira, sanganawo nevabereki vavo. Kurudzira mwana wako kuyaruka kukoka shamwari pamusoro kuti iwe ugogona kusvika pakuvaziva zviri nani. Kana iwe uchifunga kuti shamwari yakashata yakaipa, usazeze kupindira kana kukurudzira mwana wako kuti aite dzimwe shamwari.
• Gadza yakajeka mirayiro kune yako wechidiki nezve kushandisa zvinodhaka. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kusakwira mumotokari nevana vanga vachishandisa zvinodhaka uye kusagara kumafaro uko chero munhu ari kushandisa zvinodhaka.
• Ziva zvinoitwa nemwana wako ari kuyaruka. Vechidiki vasina anotarisirwa vanowanzoedza mishonga. Rambai tabo pane pane wako achiri kuyaruka uye waanaye naye. Kumbira mwana wako achiri kuyaruka kuti atarise newe pane dzimwe nguva dzezuva, sekubva kuchikoro.
• Kurudzira zviitiko zvine hutano. Zvido zvekuzvivaraidza nazvo, makirabhu, mitambo, uye mamwe ma-part-time dzese inzira huru dzekuchengetedza vechidiki vakabatikana. Nokugara uchishanda, mwana wako achava nenguva shoma yekubatana nekushandisa zvinodhaka.

ZIVA ZVIRATIDZO

Kune akawanda epanyama uye maitiro ehunhu ayo anonongedzera kukushandisa zvinodhaka. Vadzidzise uye uzive kana wako achiri kuyaruka achiita kana kutaridzika zvakasiyana. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira:

• Kutaura kunononoka kana kushomeka (kubva pakushandisa zvakadzika uye zvinoshungurudza)
• Kukurumidza, kuputika kutaura (kubva pakushandisa kumusoro)
• Ropa rakatsvuka maziso
• Kukosora uko hakuendi
• Kunhuhwirira kusingawanzoitika pakufema (kubva pakushandisa inhalant zvinodhaka)
• Vadzidzi vakanyanya kukura (vakawedzeredzwa) kana vashoma kwazvo (pinpoint)
• Kukurumidza kufamba kweziso (nystagmus), chiratidzo chinogona kushandiswa kwePCP
• Kurasikirwa kwechido (kunoitika neamphetamine, methamphetamine, kana kushandisa cocaine)
• Kuwedzera kudya (pamwe nekushandisa mbanje)
• Kusadzikama gait

Iwe unogona kucherechedza shanduko musimba rako rekuyaruka, senge:

• Usimbe, kusagadzikana, kana kurara nguva dzose (kubva pakushandisa maopiate zvinodhaka, zvakadai seheroin kana kodeini, kana kana uchiburuka kubva pamishonga inokurudzira)
• Hyperactivity (sekuonekwa pamwe chete nepamusoro senge cocaine uye methamphetamine)

Iwe zvakare unogona kuona shanduko mumaitiro emwana wako.

• Akashata mamakisi kuchikoro uye achishaya mamwe mazuva echikoro
• Kwete kutora chikamu mune zvakajairwa zviitiko
• Chinja muboka reshamwari
• Mabasa epachivande
• Kunyepa kana kuba

UNOGONA BATSIRA SEI

Kana iwe uchifunga kuti wako achiri kuyaruka ari kushandisa zvinodhaka, tanga nekutaura nemupi wemhuri anopa rubatsiro. Wako mupi anogona kubatsira kubata wako achiri kuyaruka, kana anogona kukuendesa iwe kune nyanzvi yezvinodhaka kana nzvimbo yekurapa. Iwe unogona zvakare kutsvaga zviwanikwa munharaunda yako kana muzvipatara zvemuno. Tsvaga nyanzvi ine ruzivo rwekushanda nevechidiki.

Usazeze, tsvaga rubatsiro ipapo ipapo. Kana ukakurumidza kuwana rubatsiro, kushoma kwekushandisa kwako kwevechidiki kuchashanduka kushandisa zvinodhaka.

Unogona kuwana rumwe ruzivo ku teens.drugabuse.gov.

Vechidiki uye zvinodhaka; Zviratidzo zvekushandisa zvinodhaka mune vechidiki; Kushandisa zvinodhaka - vechidiki; Kushandisa zvinodhaka - vechidiki

• Zviratidzo zvekushandisa zvinodhaka

Breuner CC. Kushandisa zvinodhaka. Mune: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Chinyorwa chePediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsuwa 140.

National Institute pamusoro pekushandisa zvinodhaka kune vechidiki webhusaiti. Vabereki: chokwadi pamusoro pekushandisa zvinodhaka kwevachiri kuyaruka. vechidiki.drugabuse.gov/parents. Yakagadziridzwa Chikunguru 11, 2019. Yakasvika Nyamavhuvhu 16, 2019.

Kubatana Kupedza Addiction webhusaiti. Mubereki e-mabhuku & maidi. drugfree.org/parent-e-book-guides/. Yakasvika Nyamavhuvhu 16, 2019.