Zvepabonde-zvakabatana zvakanyanya

Zvepabonde-zvine hukama hukuru inzira isingawanzo yekuti hunhu kana kusagadzikana kunogona kupfuudzwa kuburikidza nemhuri. Rimwe geni risina kujairika pane X chromosome rinogona kukonzera hosha inosangana pabonde.

Akabatana mazwi uye misoro inosanganisira:

• Autosomal inotonga
• Autosomal yakawandisa
• Chromosome
• Gene
• Nhaka nezvirwere
• Nhaka
• Zvepabonde-zvakabatana zvekare

Nhaka yechimwe chirwere, chimiro, kana hunhu zvinoenderana nerudzi rwechromosome iyo inobatwa. Inogona kunge iri autosomal chromosome kana yepabonde chromosome. Izvo zvakare zvinoenderana nekuti hunhu hwacho hukuru here kana kuti hwakawandisa. Zvirwere zvinosanganisirwa pabonde zvinogarwa nhaka kuburikidza nechimwe chemakromosomes ebonde, ayo ari X uye Y echromosomes.

Yakakura nhaka inowanikwa kana isina kujairika geni kubva kune mumwe mubereki inogona kukonzera chirwere, kunyangwe hazvo inoenderana gene kubva kune mumwe mubereki yakajairwa. Iyo isina kujairika geni rinotonga iro geni vaviri.

Nezve X-inosangana yakakosha kusagadzikana: Kana baba vakatakura iyo isina kujairika X geni, vese vanasikana vake vanozogara nhaka chirwere uye hapana mumwe wevanakomana vake achave nechirwere. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti vanasikana vanogara vachigara nhaka chromosome yababa vavo X. Kana amai vakatakura chisina kujairika X geni, hafu yevana vavo vese (vanasikana nevakomana) vanozogara nhaka chirwere chirwere.

Semuenzaniso, kana paine vana vana (vakomana vaviri nevasikana vaviri) uye amai vakagumbuka (vane imwe X isina kujairika uye vane chirwere) asi baba havana X isina kujairika geni, mikana inotarisirwa ndeiyi:

• Vana vaviri (musikana mumwe nemukomana mumwe chete) vachange vaine chirwere ichi
• Vana vaviri (musikana mumwe nemukomana mumwe) havazove nechirwere ichi

Kana paine vana vana (vakomana vaviri nevasikana vaviri) uye baba vari kukanganiswa (ane imwe X isina kujairika uye ane chirwere) asi amai vasina, mikana inotarisirwa ndeiyi:

• Vasikana vaviri vanozoita chirwere
• Vakomana vaviri havazove nechirwere

Aya maitiro haareve kuti vana vanowana nhaka yakasarudzika X vacharatidza zvakakomba zviratidzo zvechirwere. Mukana wenhaka mutsva pakubata kwega kwega, saka aya mikana inotarisirwa inogona kunge isiri iyo inonyatsoitika mumhuri. Zvimwe zvinokonzerwa neX zvakabatana zvakanyanya zvakanyanya zvekuti vanhurume vane chirwere chemagene vanogona kufa vasati vaberekwa. Naizvozvo, panogona kuve nekuwedzera mwero wekuparara mumhuri kana vashoma vana vechirume kupfuura zvaitarisirwa.

Nhaka - pabonde-zvine hukama hukuru; Genetics - bonde-rakabatana rinotungamira; X-yakabatana yakanyanya; Y-yakabatana yakanyanya

• Genetics

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Jorde LB, Carey JC, Bamshad MJ. Zvepabonde-zvakabatanidzwa uye zvisiri zvetsika nzira dzenhaka. Muna: Jorde LB, Carey JC, Bamshad MJ, eds. Chiremba Genetics. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits.

Korf BR. Nheyo dze genetics. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 35.