Zvepabonde-zvakabatana zvekare

Zvirwere zvinosanganisirwa pabonde zvinopfuudzwa kuburikidza nemhuri kuburikidza neimwe yeiyo X kana Y chromosomes. X uye Y ndiwo echromosomes ebonde.

Yakakura nhaka inowanikwa kana isina kujairika geni kubva kune mumwe mubereki ichikonzera chirwere, kunyangwe iyo inoenderana gene kubva kune mumwe mubereki yakajairwa. Iyo geni risina kujairika rinotonga.

Asi mune yakawandisa nhaka, ese maviri magene anowirirana anofanira kunge asina kujairika kukonzera chirwere. Kana rimwe chete geni riri vaviri risina kujairika, chirwere hachiitike kana chiri chinyoro. Mumwe munhu ane rimwe geni risina kujairika (asi asina zviratidzo) anonzi anotakura. Vatakuri vanogona kupfuudza zvisina kujairika majini kuvana vavo.

Izwi rekuti "rakabatana pabonde" rakawandisa rinowanzoreva X-yakabatana yakawandisa.

X-inosanganisirwa hosha dzinoverengeka dzinowanzoitika muvanhurume. Vanhurume vane imwe chete X chromosome.Jeni rimwe chete rinodzora pane iyo X chromosome inokonzera chirwere.

Iyo Y chromosome ndiyo imwe hafu yeXY geni vaviri mune murume. Zvisinei, Y chromosome haina zvakawanda zvemajini eX chromosome. Nekuda kweizvozvo, haichengetedze murume. Zvirwere zvakadai sehemophilia uye Duchenne muscular dystrophy inoitika kubva kune yakawandisa geni pane X chromosome.

ZVINOITIKA ZVENYAYA

Pakubata kwega kwega, kana amai vari mutakuri wechimwe chirwere (iye anongova nechimwe chisina kujairika X chromosome) uye baba havasi vanotakura chirwere, mhedzisiro inotarisirwa ndeiyi:

• 25% mukana wemukomana ane hutano
• 25% mukana wemukomana ane chirwere
• 25% mukana wemusikana ane hutano
• 25% mukana wemusikana anotakura asina chirwere

Kana baba vane chirwere uye amai vasiri mutakuri, mhedzisiro inotarisirwa ndeiyi:

• 50% mukana wekuve nemukomana ane hutano
• 50% mukana wekuva nemusikana asina chirwere anova anotakura

Izvi zvinoreva kuti hapana mumwe wevana vake aigona kunyatsoratidza zviratidzo zvechirwere, asi hunhu hwaigona kupfuudzwa kuvazukuru vake.

X-DZIMWE DZIDZO DZOKUDZIDZA DZAKANAKA MUKADZI

Vakadzi vanogona kuwana X-inosanganisirwa kusagadzikana kusagadzikana, asi izvi hazviwanzo. Rudzi rusina kujairika pane X chromosome kubva kumubereki wega wega rwaizodikanwa, sezvo mukadzi aine maX chromosomes maviri. Izvi zvinogona kuitika muzviitiko zviviri pazasi.

Mune yega yega nhumbu, kana amai vari mutakuri uye baba vane chirwere, mhedzisiro inotarisirwa ndeiyi:

• 25% mukana wemukomana ane hutano
• 25% mukana wemukomana ane chirwere
• 25% mukana wemusikana anotakura
• 25% mukana wemusikana ane chirwere

Kana vese amai nababa vaine chirwere, mhedzisiro inotarisirwa ndeiyi:

• 100% mukana wemwana ane chirwere, angave mukomana kana musikana

Mikana yeimwe yezviitiko zviviri izvi yakadzikira zvekuti X-inosanganiswazve zvirwere dzimwe nguva inonzi ihosha dzevanhurume chete. Zvisinei, izvi hazvisi zvechokwadi.

Vatakuri vechikadzi vanogona kuve neyakajairika X chromosome iyo isingawanzo kushandiswa. Izvi zvinonzi "skewed X-inactivation." Vakadzi ava vanogona kunge vane zviratidzo zvakafanana nezvirume, kana vanogona kungova nezviratidzo zvakapfava.

Nhaka - pabonde-yakabatana yakawandisa; Genetics - bonde-rakabatana rakawandisa; X-yakabatanidzwa yakawandisa

• Genetics

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Jorde LB, Carey JC, Bamshad MJ. Zvepabonde-zvakabatanidzwa uye zvisiri zvetsika nzira dzenhaka. Muna: Jorde LB, Carey JC, Bamshad MJ, eds. Chiremba Genetics. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits.

Korf BR. Nheyo dze genetics. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 35.