Zvinyorwa zveAdrenal

Iwo maadrenal gland madiki madiki madiki maratatu-akafanana. Imwe gland iri pamusoro petsvo imwe neimwe.

Imwe neimwe adrenal gland inenge yakaenzana nechikamu chepamusoro chechigumwe. Chikamu chekunze chegland chinonzi "cortex". Inogadzira steroid mahormone senge cortisol, aldosterone, uye mahormone anogona kuchinjwa kuita testosterone. Chikamu chemukati chegland chinonzi medulla. Inogadzira epinephrine uye norepinephrine. Aya mahormone anonziwo adrenaline uye noradrenaline.

Kana magonyeti aburitsa mahormone akawanda kana mashoma pane zvakajairwa, unogona kurwara. Izvi zvinogona kuitika pakuzvarwa kana gare gare muhupenyu.

Iyo adrenal gland inogona kukanganiswa nezvirwere zvakawanda, senge autoimmune kusagadzikana, hutachiona, tumota, uye kubuda ropa. Zvimwe zvinogara zvachose uye zvimwe zvinopera nekufamba kwenguva. Mishonga inogona zvakare kukanganisa adrenal gland.

Iyo pituitary, gland diki riri pasi peuropi, inoburitsa mahormone anonzi ACTH akakosha mukusimudzira iyo adrenal cortex. Zvirwere zvepituitary zvinogona kutungamira kumatambudziko neadrenal basa.

Mamiriro akanangana nezvinetso zveadrenal gland anosanganisira:

• Chirwere cheAddison, icho chinonziwo kusakwana kwedrenal - kusagadzikana kunoitika kana maadrenal gland asingaite mahormone akakwana
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - kusagadzikana uko idrenal gland inoshaya enzyme inodiwa kugadzira mahormone
• Cushing syndrome - kusagadzikana kunoitika kana muviri uine huwandu hwakakwira hwehomoni cortisol
• Chirwere cheshuga mellitus (yakakwira ropa shuga) inokonzerwa neadrenal gland inogadzira yakawandisa cortisol
• Glucocorticoid mishonga yakadai se prednisone, dexamethasone, nevamwe
• Bvudzi rakawandisa kana risingadiwe muvakadzi (hirsutism)
• Hump ​​kuseri kwemapfudzi (dorsocervical fat pad)
• Hypoglycemia - yakaderera ropa shuga
• Primary aldosteronism (Conn syndrome) - kusagadzikana uko adrenal gland inoburitsa yakawandisa yehormone aldosterone
• Massive bilateral adrenal hemorrhage (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome) - kutadza kweadrenal gland kushanda semhedzisiro yekubuda ropa mugland, kazhinji inosanganisirwa nehutachiona hwakakomba, inonzi sepsis

• Endocrine masero
• Zvinyorwa zveAdrenal
• Adrenal shwanu biopsy

Friedman TC. Gland yeAdrenal. Mune: Benjamin IJ, Griggs RC, Wing EJ, Fitz JG, eds. Andreoli uye Carpenter's Cecil Zvakakosha zveMishonga. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chits.

Newell-Mutengo JDC, Auchus RJ. Iyo adrenal cortex. Mune: Melmed S, Auchus, RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. Williams Chinyorwa cheEndocrinology. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 15.

Yakamira S. Suprarenal (adrenal) gland. Mune: Kumira S, ed. Gray's Anatomy. 41 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chits 71.