Kudya - chirwere chetsvo chisingaperi

Iwe ungangoda kuita shanduko pane chako chikafu kana iwe uine chisingaperi cheitsvo chirwere (CKD). Idzi shanduko dzinogona kusanganisira kudzikisira mvura, kudya yakaderera-protein chikafu, kudzikamisa munyu, potasium, phosphorus, uye mamwe maelectrolyte, uye kuwana macalorie akakwana kana uri kurasikirwa uremu.

Ungangoda kushandura chikafu chako zvakanyanya kana chirwere cheitsvo chichiwedzera, kana kana uchida dialysis.

Chinangwa cheichi chikafu ndechekuchengetedza iwo maelectrolyte, zvicherwa, uye mvura mumuviri wako zvakaenzana kana uine CKD kana uri pane dialysis.

Vanhu vane dialysis vanoda chikafu chakakosha ichi kudzikisira kuwanda kwemarara mumuviri. Kukamura mvura pakati pemadhialysis kurapa kwakakosha nekuti vanhu vazhinji padialysis vanoitira weti zvishoma. Pasina kuita weti, mvura inozowanda mumuviri uye inokonzera kuwanda kwakanyanya mumoyo nemapapu.

Kumbira mupi wako wezvehutano kuti akuendese kune akanyoreswa dietitian kuti akubatsire iwe nechikafu chako chehosha yeitsvo. Vamwe vezvekudya vanoona nezvekudya kweitsvo. Nyanzvi yako yekudyara inogona zvakare kubatsira iwe kugadzira dhayeti kuti ikwane zvimwe zvako zvehutano zvido.

Iyo Kidney Foundation ine zvitsauko mumatunhu mazhinji. Ino inzvimbo yakanaka kune vanhu vane chirwere cheitsvo nemhuri dzavo kuti vawane zvirongwa neruzivo. Unofanirwa kutora macalorie akakwana zuva rega rega kuti ugare uine hutano uye kudzivirira kuparara kwenyama yemuviri. Kumbira mupiki wako uye chiremba wezvekudya kuti chiyero chako chakakodzera chinofanira kuvei. Zviyese wega mangwanani ega ega kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti uri kusangana nechinangwa ichi.

CARBOHYDRATES

Kana iwe usina dambudziko rekudya makabhohaidhiretsi, izvi zvekudya sosi yakanaka yesimba. Kana mupi wako akakurudzira yakaderera-protein chikafu, iwe unogona kutsiva macalorie kubva protein ne:

• Zvibereko, chingwa, zviyo, nemiriwo. Izvi zvekudya zvinopa simba, pamwe ne fiber, zvicherwa, uye mavitamini.
• Makandi akaoma, shuga, uchi, uye jelly. Kana zvichidikanwa, unogona kunyange kudya yakakwira-koriori mashuga akadai semapayi, makeke, kana makuki, chero bedzi iwe uchiganhurira madhishi akagadzirwa nemukaka, chokoreti, nzungu, kana mabhanana.

MAFUTA

Mafuta anogona kunge ari manyuko akanaka emakoriori. Ita shuwa kushandisa monounsaturated uye polyunsaturated mafuta (olive olive, canola oiri, safflower mafuta) kuchengetedza moyo wako hutano. Taura nemupi wako kana wezvekudya nezve mafuta uye cholesterol iyo inogona kuwedzera njodzi yako kumatambudziko emwoyo.

MAPUROTINI

Zvikafu zvine mapuroteni mashoma zvinogona kubatsira usati watanga dialysis. Wako mupi kana wezvekudya anogona kuraira yakaderera-protein chikafu zvinoenderana nehuremu hwako, nhanho yechirwere, huremu hwakawanda hwauinahwo, nezvimwe zvinhu Asi iwe uchiri kuda mapuroteni akakwana, saka shanda nemupi wako kuti uwane chikafu chakakodzera kwauri.

Ukangotanga dialysis, iwe unozofanirwa kudya mapuroteni akawanda. Kudya-kweprotein kudya nehove, huku, nyama yenguruve, kana mazai pakudya kwese kunogona kukurudzirwa.

Vanhu vane dialysis vanofanira kudya masendimita masere kusvika gumi (225 kusvika 280 magiramu) ezvokudya zvine mapuroteni akawanda zuva rega rega. Wako mupi kana wezvekudya anogona kupa zano kuwedzera mazai machena, zai chena upfu, kana puroteni poda.

CALCIUM UYE PHOSPHOROUS

Iyo mamineral calcium uye phosphorus ichaongororwa kazhinji. Kunyangwe mumatanho ekutanga eCKD, huwandu hwephosphorus muropa hunogona kukwirisa. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera:

• Yakaderera calcium. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kuti muviri udhonze calcium kubva mumapfupa ako, izvo zvinoita kuti mapfupa ako ashaike simba uyezve kutsemuka.
• Itching.

Iwe unozofanirwa kudzikamisa huwandu hwezvikafu zvemukaka zvaunodya, nekuti zvine huwandu hwakawanda hwephosphorus. Izvi zvinosanganisira mukaka, yogati, uye chizi. Zvimwe zvekudya zvemukaka zvakaderera mu phosphorus, kusanganisira:

• Tub margarine
• Ruomba
• Cream, ricotta, brie chizi
• Heavy cream
• Sherbet
• Nondairy yakarova zvidhori

Ungangoda kutora macalcium ekuwedzera kudzivirira chirwere chepfupa, uye vhitamini D kudzora muyero wecalcium uye phosphorus mumuviri wako. Kumbira mupiki wako kana chiremba wezvekudya nezve nzira dzakanakisa dzekuwana izvi zvinovaka muviri.

Mupi wako anogona kukurudzira mishonga inonzi "phosphorus binders" kana kudya kuchichinja chete kusingashande kudzora chiyero cheichi chicherwa mumuviri wako.

FLUIDS

Mumatanho ekutanga eitsvo kukundikana, haufanire kudzikamisa mvura yaunonwa. Asi, sezvo mamiriro ako achiwedzera, kana iwe uri pane dialysis, iwe uchafanirwa kutarisa huwandu hwemvura yaunotora.

Pakati pezvikamu zve dialysis, fluid inogona kuvaka mumuviri. Kuwanda kwemvura kunotungamira kukufema kufema, chimbichimbi chinoda kurapwa nekukurumidza.

Wako mupi uye dialysis mukoti achakuzivisa iwe huwandu hwaunofanira kunwa zuva nezuva. Chengeta huwandu hwechikafu chine mvura yakawanda, senge masobho, gelatin ine michero, michero-yakasanganiswa ice pops, ice cream, mazambiringa, mavise, lettuce, madomasi, uye celery.

Shandisai makapu madiki kana magirazi uye tendeuka mukombe wako kana wapedza.

Matipi ekuti usave nenyota anosanganisira:

• Dzivisa chikafu chine munyu
• Kusunungura mamwe muto mune ice cube tray uye uidye sechibereko-chakasanganiswa chando pop (iwe unofanirwa kuverenga aya echando machubhu mune yako ezuva nezuva huwandu hwemvura)
• Ramba uchitonhorera pamazuva anopisa

MUNYU KANA KUTI SODIUM

Kuderedza sodium mukudya kwako kunobatsira iwe kudzora kukwira kweropa. Izvo zvakare zvinokuchengetedza iwe kuti usave nenyota, uye zvinodzivirira muviri wako kubva pakubatirira pane yakawedzera mvura. Tarisa mazwi aya pane zvinyorwa zvekudya:

• Yakaderera-sodium
• Hapana munyu wakawedzerwa
• Isoda-isina
• Sodium-yakaderedzwa
• Unsalted

Tarisa ese mavara kuti uone kuwanda kwemunyu kana sodiamu chikafu chine pakushandira. Zvakare, dzivisa chikafu chinonyora munyu pedyo nekutanga kwezvakagadzirwa. Tarisa zvigadzirwa zvine isingasviki zana mamirigiramu (mg) yemunyu pakushanda.

Usashandise munyu kana uchibika uye tora chinozunza munyu kubva patafura. Mazhinji mamwe mahebhu akachengeteka, uye unogona kuashandisa kunanzva chikafu chako panzvimbo yemunyu.

Usashandise zvinotsiva munyu nekuti zvine potasium. Vanhu vane CKD vanodawo kudzikisira potasium yavo.

POTASSIUM

Kuwanda kweropa potassium kunobatsira kuti moyo wako urambe uchirova zvakadzikama. Zvisinei, potasiamu yakawandisa inogona kuvaka apo itsvo dzisisashande mushe. Njodzi dzemwoyo dzine njodzi dzinogona kubuda, dzinogona kutungamira kurufu.

Zvibereko nemiriwo zvine potasium yakawanda, uye nekuda kwechikonzero ichocho zvinofanirwa kudzivirirwa kuchengetedza moyo wakagwinya.

Kusarudza chinhu chakakodzera kubva kuboka rega rega rekudya kunogona kubatsira kudzora ako mazinga e potassium.

Paunenge uchidya michero:

• Sarudza peaches, mazambiringa, mapeari, maapuro, majikiji, chinanazi, plums, tangerines uye watermelon
• Ganhurira kana kudzivirira maorenji uye jisi reorenji, nectarines, kiwis, mazambiringa akaomeswa kana mimwe michero yakaomeswa, mabhanana, cantaloupe, huchi hwehuchi, prunes, uye nectarines

Paunenge uchidya miriwo:

• Sarudza broccoli, kabichi, karoti, cauliflower, celery, cucumber, eggplant, green uye wax bhinzi, lettuce, hanyanisi, mhiripiri, watercress, zucchini, uye yero squash
• Deredza kana kudzivirira asparagus, avocado, mbatatisi, madomasi kana muto wemadomasi, squash yechando, manhanga, avocado, uye sipinachi yakabikwa

IRONI

Vanhu vane yepamusoro itsvo kukundikana zvakare vane chirwere chekushaya ropa uye kazhinji vanoda imwe iron.

Zvikafu zvakawanda zvine imwe iron (chiropa, nyama yemombe, nyama yenguruve, huku, lima uye bhinzi yeitsvo, zviyo zvakasimbiswa nesimbi). Taura nemupi wako kana wezvekudya nezve izvo zvikafu zvine iron zvaunogona kudya nekuda kwehosha yako yeitsvo.

Renal chirwere - kudya; Itsvo chirwere - kudya

Fouque D, Mitch WE. Kudya kunosvika kuzvirwere zveitsvo. Mune: Skorecki K, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Taal MW, Yu ASL, eds. Brenner uye Rector Iyo Itsvo. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chits. 61.

Mitch WE. Chirwere chetsvo chisingaperi. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 121.

National Institute of Chirwere cheshuga uye Digestive uye Kidney Zvirwere webhusaiti. Kudya & chikafu chehemodialysis. www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidney-failure/hemodialysis/eating-nutrition. Yakagadziridzwa Nyamavhuvhu 2016. Yakasvika muna Chikunguru 26, 2019.

National itsvo Foundation. Mirayiridzo yezvokudya kune vanhu vakuru kutanga pahemodialysis. www.kidney.org/atoz/content/dietary_hemodialysis. Yakagadziridzwa Kubvumbi 2019. Yakasvika muna Chikunguru 26, 2019.