Kunyorera ropa

Kunyorera ropa inzira yekuudza kuti une rudzii reropa. Kunyorera ropa kunoitwa kuti ugone kupa neropa rako zvakachengeteka kana kugamuchira kuwedzerwa ropa. Izvo zvinoitwawo kuti uone kana iwe uine chinhu chinonzi Rh chinhu chiri pamusoro pemasero matsvuku eropa.

Ropa rako rudzi runoenderana nekuti kana kwete mamwe mapuroteni ari pane ako matsvuku masero eropa. Aya mapuroteni anonzi maantigen. Ropa rako rudzi (kana boka reropa) zvinoenderana nemhando dzipi dzakapfuudzwa nevabereki vako.

Ropa rinowanzoiswa mumapoka zvinoenderana neABO yeropa typing system. Iwo mana makuru eropa marudzi ndeaya:

• Tora A
• Rudzi B
• Tora AB
• Tora O

Muenzaniso weropa unodiwa. Iyo bvunzo yekuona yako yeropa boka inonzi ABO typing. Muenzaniso weropa rako wakasanganiswa nema antibodies anopesana nerudzi A uye B ropa. Ipapo, muyenzaniso unoongororwa kuti uone kana masero eropa anonamira pamwechete. Kana masero eropa akanamatirana, zvinoreva kuti ropa rakabatwa neimwe yemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere.

Nhanho yechipiri inonzi back typing. Chikamu chemvura chiri muropa rako chisina masero (serum) chakasanganiswa neropa rinozivikanwa serudzi A uye mhando B. Vanhu vane ropa rerudzi A vane anti-B antibodies. Vanhu vane mhando yeropa B vane anti-A antibodies. Tora O ropa rine mhando mbiri dzemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere.

Matanho maviri ari pamusoro anogona kunyatso kuona yako yeropa mhando.

Rh typing inoshandisa nzira yakafanana neABO typing. Kana kuteedzera kweropa kwaitwa kuti uone kana uine Rh factor pamusoro pemasero matsvuku eropa, mhedzisiro yacho ichave imwe yeiyi:

• Rh + (yakanaka), kana iwe uine iyi sero protein protein
• Rh- (negative), kana iwe usina iyi cell surface protein

Hapana gadziriro yakasarudzika inodikanwa bvunzo iyi.

Kana tsono ikaiswa kukweva ropa, vamwe vanhu vanonzwa kurwadziwa zvine mwero. Vamwe vanongonzwa kubaya kana kubaya. Mushure meizvozvo, panogona kuve nekurohwa kana kupwanya zvishoma. Izvi zvinokurumidza kuenda.

Kunyorera ropa kunoitwa kuitira kuti ugone kugashira kuwedzerwa ropa kana kuisirwa. Ropa rako rinofanira kufanana neropa rako rauri kutambira. Kana mhando dzeropa dzisingaenderane:

• Ma immune immune ako anozoona akapihwa masero matsvuku eropa seari kunze.
• Maantibodies anokura achipesana nemasero matsvuku eropa uye acharwisa aya masero eropa.

Nzira mbiri dzinogona kusaenderana neropa rako neropa rakapihwa ndedzinotevera:

• Kusafanana pakati pemhando dzeropa A, B, AB, uye O. Iyi ndiyo nzira yakajairika yekutadza. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, immune immune yakanyanya kwazvo.
• Rh factor inogona kunge isingaenderane.

Kunyora ropa kwakakosha kwazvo panguva yepamuviri. Kunyatso kuyedza kunogona kudzivirira kushomeka kwakanyanya mumwana achangozvarwa uye jaundice.

Iwe uchaudzwa kuti ndeipi yeropa yeropa yeABO yauinayo. Chichava chimwe cheizvi:

• Tora Ropa A
• Rudzi B ropa
• Tora AB ropa
• Tora O ropa

Iwe zvakare uchaudzwa kuti iwe une Rh-positive ropa kana Rh-isina ropa.

Kubva pamhedzisiro yako, vanokupa hutano vanogona kuona kuti nderipi ropa raungagone kugamuchira zvakachengeteka:

• Kana iwe uine mhando yeropa A, iwe unogona chete kugamuchira mhando A uye O ropa.
• Kana uine ropa rerudzi B, unogona chete kugamuchira mhando B uye O ropa.
• Kana uine mhando yeropa AB, unogona kugamuchira mhando A, B, AB, uye O ropa.
• Kana iwe uine mhando yeropa O, iwe unogona chete kugamuchira yerudzi O ropa.
• Kana iwe uri Rh +, unogona kugamuchira Rh + kana Rh- ropa.
• Kana iwe uri Rh-, iwe unogona chete kugamuchira Rh- ropa.

Type O ropa rinogona kupihwa kune chero munhu ane chero rudzi rweropa. Ndokusaka vanhu vane mhando yeropa O vachinzi vanopa ropa rose.

Pane njodzi shoma inosanganisirwa nekutorwa kweropa rako. Tsinga uye tsinga zvinosiyana muhukuru kubva kumunhu kuenda kune mumwe, uye kubva kune rimwe divi remuviri kuenda kune rimwe. Kutora ropa kubva kune vamwe vanhu kunogona kunge kwakaoma kupfuura kubva kune vamwe.

Dzimwe njodzi dzinosangana nekutorwa kweropa idiki, asi dzinogona kusanganisira:

• Kufenda kana kunzwa kushaya musoro
• Akawanda punctures ekutsvaga mutsinga
• Kuwedzera kubuda ropa
• Hematoma (kuwanda kweropa pasi peganda)
• Utachiona (hushoma njodzi chero nguva ganda parinovhunika)

Kune maantigen akawanda kunze kweaya makuru (A, B, uye Rh). Zvakawanda zvidiki hazviwanzo kuwanikwa panguva yekutaipa kweropa. Kana zvikasaonekwa, iwe unogona kunge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge wakaita.

Maitiro anonzi kuyambuka-akateedzana akateedzerwa neCompomb bvunzo anogona kubatsira kuona aya madiki maantigen. Zvinoitwa kusati kwawedzerwa ropa, kunze kwekunge mamiriro ekukurumidzira.

Muchinjikwa; Rh typing; ABO kutaipa kweropa; Ropa reropa; Ropa rudzi; Ropa reropa; Ropa rerudzi; Kuisirwa ropa - kutaipa kweropa

• Erythroblastosis fetalis - photomicrograph
• Ropa mhando

Segal GV, Wahed MA. Zvigadzirwa zveropa uye kubhengi reropa. Mu: Fowler GC, rakanyorwa. Pfenninger uye Fowler's Maitiro Ekutanga Kuchengeta. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 234.

Shaz BH, Hilyer CD. Mushonga wekuisira ropa. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 167.

Westhoff CM, Storry JR, Shaz BH. Ropa revanhu remaantigen uye maantibhakitiriya. Muna: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Misimboti uye Maitiro. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chits. 110.