Cochlear kudyara

A cochlear implant chinhu chidiki chemagetsi chinobatsira vanhu kunzwa. Inogona kushandiswa kune vanhu vari matsi kana vakaomarara zvakanyanya kunzwa.

Iko cochlear kudyara hachisi chinhu chakafanana neyekunzwa rubatsiro. Yakaisirwa uchishandisa kuvhiya, uye inoshanda neimwe nzira.

Kune akawanda marudzi akasiyana eacchlear implants. Nekudaro, ivo vanowanzo kuve vanoumbwa nezvikamu zvinoverengeka zvakafanana.

• Chimwe chikamu chechigadzirwa chinovhiyiwa mupfupa rakakomberedza nzeve (temporal bone). Iyo inoumbwa neyeyakagamuchira-inosimudzira, iyo inogamuchira, inogadzirisa, uyezve inotumira chiratidzo chemagetsi kuuropi.
• Chikamu chechipiri cheiyo cochlear implant chishandiso chekunze. Izvi zvinogadzirwa nemakrofoni / inogamuchira, yekutaura processor, uye antenna. Ichi chikamu chekusimudza chinogamuchira ruzha, chinoshandura ruzha kuva chiratidzo chemagetsi, uye ndokutumira kuchikamu chemukati cheiyo cochlear implant.

NDIANI ANOSHANDISA KUSVIRA YEMAHARA?

MaCochlear anodyara anotendera matsi kuti vagamuchire nekugadzirisa manzwi uye kutaura Nekudaro, izvi zvishandiso hazvidzorere zvakajairwa kunzwa. Izvo zvishandiso zvinobvumidza kurira uye kutaura kugadziriswa uye kutumirwa kuuropi.

Iyo cochlear implant haina kukodzera kune wese munhu. Nzira iyo munhu anosarudzwa kune cochlear implants iri kuchinja sezvo kunzwisiswa kwehuropi hwekunzwa (odhiyo) nzira dzinovandudza uye tekinoroji inochinja.

Vese vana nevakuru vanogona kukwikwidza cochlear implants. Vanhu vari kukwikwidza pachigadzirwa ichi vanogona kunge vakazvarwa vari matsi kana matsi mushure mekudzidza kutaura. Vana vadiki senge gore rimwe chete vava kukwikwidza pakuvhiya uku. Kunyangwe zviyero zvakati siyanei zvishoma kune vakuru nevana, zvinoenderana nemitemo yakafanana:

• Munhu wacho anofanira kunge ari zvachose kana kuti anenge ari matsi zvachose munzeve dzese, uye otora chero kuvandudzwa nemubatsiro wekunzwa. Chero ani anokwanisa kunyatsonzwa zvakakwana neanonzwa zvekubatsira haasi mukwikwidzi akanaka wecochlear implants.
• Munhu anoda kukurudzirwa zvakanyanya. Mushure mekumisikidza cochlear kuiswa, ivo vanofanirwa kudzidza mashandisiro ekushandisa chishandiso.
• Munhu wacho anoda kuve nezvinotarisirwa zvine musoro pane zvichaitika mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Chigadzirwa hachidzoreri kana kugadzira "zvakajairika" kunzwa.
• Vana vanofanirwa kunyoreswa muzvirongwa zvinovabatsira kudzidza maitiro enzwi.
• Kuti uone kana munhu ari mukwikwidzi weiyo cochlear implant, munhu iyeye anofanira kuongororwa nenzeve, mhino, uye huro (ENT) chiremba (otolaryngologist). Vanhu vachatodawo chaiwo marudzi ebvunzo dzekunzwa akaitwa aine yavo yekunzwa anobatsira pa.
• Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira CT scan kana MRI scan yehuropi uye yepakati neyekunze nzeve.
• Vanhu (kunyanya vana) vangangoda kuongororwa nachiremba wepfungwa kuti vaone kana vari ivo vakakwikwidza.

KUSHANDA KWAZVO

Ruzha runopfuudzwa kuburikidza nemhepo.Munzeve yakajairika, masaisai ezwi anokonzeresa eardrum uyezve mapfupa enzeve epakati kutetereka. Izvi zvinotumira masaisai ekudengenyeka munzeve yemukati (cochlea). Aya mafungu anozoshandurwa necochlea kuita masaini emagetsi, ayo anotumirwa pamwe nemutsipa wekunzwira kuuropi.

Matsi haina nzeve inoshanda mukati. Iyo cochlear implant inoedza kutsiva mashandiro enzeve yemukati nekushandura ruzha kuita simba remagetsi. Simba iri rinokwanisa kuzoshandiswa kusimudzira tsinga yemutsipa (tsinga yekunzwa), ichitumira mameseji "ezwi" kuuropi.

• Inzwi rinotorwa nemakrofoni inopfekwa padyo nenzeve. Izwi iri rinotumirwa kune processor yekutaura, iyo inowanzo kuve yakabatana nemakrofoni uye inopfekwa kuseri kwenzeve.
• Izwi rinowongororwa uye rinoshandurwa kuita masaini emagetsi, ayo anotumirwa kune anogashira anogashira kuseri kwenzeve. Uyu anogamuchira anotumira chiratidzo kuburikidza newaya kupinda munzeve yemukati.
• Kubva ipapo, masimba emagetsi anotumirwa kuuropi.

ZVINOGADZIRWA

Kuve nekuvhiyiwa:

• Iwe unozogamuchira general anesthesia saka unenge wakarara uye kurwadziwa pasina.
• Kucheka kwekuvhiya kunoitwa kuseri kwenzeve, dzimwe nguva mushure mekuveura chikamu chebvudzi kuseri kwenzeve.
• Microscope uye bone drill zvinoshandiswa kuvhura pfupa kuseri kwenzeve (mastoid bone) kubvumira iyo yemukati chikamu chekuisirwa kuiswa.
• Iyo electrode yakarongedzwa inopfuudzwa munzeve yemukati (cochlea).
• Anogamuchira anoiswa muhomwe yakagadzirwa kuseri kwenzeve. Homwe yacho inobatsira kuti irambe iri panzvimbo uye inoita kuti ive padhuze zvakakwana neganda kubvumira ruzivo rwemagetsi kutumirwa kubva muchigadzirwa. Tsime rinogona kukochekerwa mupfupa kuseri kwenzeve kuitira kuti kudyara kushoma kwekufamba pasi peganda.

Mushure mekuvhiyiwa:

• Kuchave nezvisungo kuseri kwenzeve.
• Iwe unogona kukwanisa kunzwa iye anogamuchira sebhomba kuseri kwenzeve.
• Chero bvudzi rakaveurwa rinofanira kukura zvakare.
• Chikamu chekunze chechigadzirwa chichaiswa 1 kusvika kumavhiki mana mushure mekuvhiyiwa kuti ipe nguva yekuvhura yekupora.

Njodzi dzekuvhiya

A cochlear implant ndiko kuvhiya kwakachengeteka. Nekudaro, kuvhiya kwese kunoisa dzimwe njodzi. Njodzi hadziwanzo kuwanikwa iye zvino nekuti kuvhiya kunoitwa kuburikidza nekacheka kekuvhiya, asi zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Maronda ekurapa matambudziko
• Kuparara kweganda pamusoro pechinhu chakasimwa
• Utachiona padyo nenzvimbo yekudyara

Zvishoma zvinoitika zvinetso zvinosanganisira:

• Kukuvadza kune tsinga inofambisa kumeso kudivi rekuvhiya
• Kuvuza kwemvura yakatenderedza uropi (cerebrospinal fluid)
• Utachiona hwemvura yakatenderedza uropi (meningitis)
• Dzungu renguva pfupi (vertigo)
• Kukundikana kwechigadzirwa kushanda
• Kunaka kusingaite

KUPONESA PASHURE pokuvhiya

Unogona kubvumirwa kuenda kuchipatara husiku kuti uone. Zvisinei, zvipatara zvakawanda zvino zvinobvumidza vanhu kuenda kumba zuva rekuvhiyiwa. Anokuchengetedza hutano anokupa mishonga yekurwadziwa uye dzimwe nguva mishonga yekudzivirira hutachiona. Vazhinji vanovhiya vanoisa dhirezi hombe pamusoro penzeve nzeve. Iyo yekupfeka inobviswa zuva rapfuura kuvhiyiwa.

Vhiki kana kupfuura mushure mekuvhiyiwa, chikamu chekunze cheiyo cochlear implant chakachengetedzwa kune chinogamuchira-chinogonesa chakaiswa kuseri kwenzeve. Panguva ino, iwe unozogona kushandisa chishandiso.

Kana iyo saiti yekuvhiya yapora, uye iyo yekudyara yakanamirwa kune yekunze processor, iwe unozotanga kushanda nenyanzvi kuti udzidze "kunzwa" nekugadzirisa kurira uchishandisa cochlear implant. Aya nyanzvi anogona kusanganisira:

• Vateereri
• Therape Therapists
• Nzeve, mhino, uye huro vanachiremba (otolaryngologists)

Ichi chikamu chakakosha kwazvo chezviitiko. Iwe unozofanirwa kushanda padhuze neako timu yenyanzvi kuti uwane iyo yakawanda kubatsirwa kubva mukuisirwa.

BHUKU

Mhedzisiro ine cochlear implants inosiyana zvakanyanya. Unyatsoita sei zvinoenderana ne:

• Mamiriro eiyo nzeve yekunzwa usati wavhiyiwa
• Unyanzvi hwako hwepfungwa
• Chigadzirwa chiri kushandiswa
• Kureba kwenguva iwe wanga uri matsi
• Kuvhiyiwa

Vamwe vanhu vanogona kudzidza kutaura parunhare. Vamwe vanogona kungoziva kurira. Kuwana mhedzisiro mhedzisiro kunogona kutora kusvika kumakore akati wandei, uye iwe unofanirwa kukurudzirwa. Vanhu vazhinji vakanyoreswa muzvirongwa zvekunzwa nekutaura zvekuvandudza.

KURarama NEMUDZIMAI

Paunenge uchinge wapora, pane mashoma marambidzo. Mabasa mazhinji anotenderwa. Nekudaro, mupi wako anogona kukuudza iwe kuti udzivise mitambo yekubatana kuti uderedze mukana wekukuvara kune chakasimwa chishandiso.

Vazhinji vanhu vane cochlear implants havagone kuwana MRI scans, nekuti iyo yekudyara inogadzirwa nesimbi.

Kunzwa kurasikirwa - cochlear kudyara; Sensorineural - cochlear; Matsi - cochlear; Utsi - cochlear

• Nzeve anatomy
• Cochlear kudyara

McJunkin JL, Buchman C. Cochlear kudyara muvakuru. Mune: Myers EN, Snyderman CH, eds. Inoshanda Otolaryngology Musoro uye Neck Kuvhiya. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chits. 137.

Naples JG, Ruckenstein MJ. Cochlear kudyara. Otolaryngol Kliniki North Am. 2020; 53 (1): 87-102 PMID: 31677740 yakashongedzwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31677740/.

National Institute for Hutano uye Kuchengeta Kwakanaka (NICE). Cochlear anodyara evana nevakuru vane chakakomba kudzika kwekusanzwa. Tekinoroji yekuongorora kutungamira. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta566. Yakabudiswa muna Kurume 7, 2019. Yakasvika muna Kubvumbi 23, 2020.

Roland JL, Ray WZ, Leuthardt EC. Neuroprosthetics. Mune: Winn HR, ed. Youmans uye Winn Neurological Kuvhiya. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chits. 109.

Vohr B. Kunzwa kurasikirwa mumucheche achangozvarwa. Mune: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, eds. Fanaroff naMartin's Neonatal-Perinatal Mushonga. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 59.