Kenza yemapapu

Kenza yemapapu igomarara rinotanga mumapapu.

Mapapu ari mubhokisi. Paunofema, mweya unopinda nemumhino dzako, uchidzika nepombi yako yemhepo (trachea), uye mumapapu, kwainoyerera nemumachubhu anonzi bronchi. Kazhinji kenza yemapapu inotangira mumasero anoisa aya machubhu.

Kune maviri makuru marudzi ekenza yemapapu:

• Isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza (NSCLC) ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa kenza yemapapu.
• Diki kenza yemapapu kenza (SCLC) inoumba inosvika makumi maviri kubva muzana yematambudziko ekenza yemapapu.

Kana kenza yemapapu yakaumbwa nemhando mbiri idzi, inonzi yakasanganiswa diki sero / hombe gomarara remusero.

Kana gomarara rikatanga kumwe kunhu mumuviri rikapararira kumapapu, inonzi gomarara remastasta kuenda kumapapu.

Gomarara remaperembudzi ndiyo mhando yekenza inouraya kuvarume nevakadzi. Gore rega rega, vanhu vazhinji vanofa nekenza yemapapu pane yekenza yemazamu, yekoloni, uye yeprostate yakasanganiswa.

Kenza yemapapu inowanzoitika kune vakura vakuru. Kashoma kune vanhu vari pasi pemakore makumi mana nemashanu.

Kusvuta fodya ndiko kunonyanya kukonzera kenza yemapapu. Pedyo ne90% yekenza yemapapu inoenderana nekusvuta. Iyo yakawanda midzanga yaunosvuta pazuva uye pakutanga iwe ukatanga kuputa, inowedzera njodzi yako yekenza yemapapu. Ngozi yacho inoderera nenguva mushure mekurega kusvuta. Iko hakuna humbowo hwekuti kuputa fodya yakadzika-tara kunodzikisa njodzi.

Dzimwe mhando dzekenza yemapapu dzinogona kukanganisa vanhu vasina kumboputa.

Utsi hwechipiri (kufema utsi hwevamwe) kunowedzera mukana wako wekenza yemapapu.

Izvi zvinotevera zvinogona zvakare kuwedzera njodzi yako yekenza yemapapu:

• Kuratidzwa kune asbestosi
• Kuratidzirwa kumakemikari anokonzera gomarara senge uranium, beryllium, vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, zvigadzirwa zvemarasha, gasi yemasitadhi, chloromethyl ethers, peturu, uye dhiziri
• Kuratidzira kune radon gasi
• Nhoroondo yemhuri yekenza yemapapu
• Kukwirira kwemweya kusvibiswa
• Yakakwira mazinga earsenic mumvura yekunwa
• Radiation kurapa kumapapu

Kenza yepakutanga yemapapu inogona kusakonzera chero zviratidzo.

Zviratidzo zvinoenderana nerudzi rwekenza yauinayo, asi inogona kusanganisira:

• Kurwadziwa pachifuva
• Kukosora uko hakuendi
• Kukosora ropa
• Kuneta
• Kuderedza uremu pasina kuyedza
• Kupererwa nechido
• Kufema kwekufema
• Kushungurudza

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona zvakare kuitika nekenza yemapapu, kazhinji mumatanho ekupedzisira:

• Kurwadziwa kwepfupa kana hunyoro
• Eyelid ichinyura
• Kuora mitezo kumeso
• Hoarseness kana kuchinja izwi
• Joint kurwadziwa
• Matambudziko ezvipikiri
• Kutambudzika kwepafudzi
• Kumedza kuoma
• Kuzvimba kwechiso kana maoko
• Kushaya simba

Zviratidzo izvi zvinogona zvakare kuve nekuda kweimwe, isinganyanye kukomba mamiriro, saka zvakakosha kuti utaure nemubatsiri wako wezvehutano.

Kenza yemapapu inowanzo kuwanikwa kana x-ray kana CT scan ichiitwa kune chimwe chikonzero.

Kana kenza yemapapu ichifungidzirwa, mupi achaita bvunzo dzepanyama uye obvunza nezve nhoroondo yako yekurapa. Iwe uchabvunzwa kana iwe uchiputa. Kana zvakadaro, iwe uchabvunzwa kuti unosvuta zvakadii uye kwenguva yakareba sei iwe uchisvuta. Iwe zvakare uchabvunzwa nezve zvimwe zvinhu izvo zvinogona kunge zvichikuisa iwe panjodzi yekenza yemapapu, sekuratidzwa kune mamwe makemikari.

Kana uchiteerera chipfuva neiyo stethoscope, mupi anogona kunzwa mvura irikukomberedza mapapu. Izvi zvinogona kuratidza cancer.

Miedzo inogona kuitwa kuti uongorore kenza yemapapu kana kuona kana yapararira inosanganisira:

• Bone scan
• Chest x-ray
• Yakazara kuverenga ropa (CBC)
• CT scan yechifuva
• MRI yechipfuva
• Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
• Sputum bvunzo kutarisa maseru ekenza
• Thoracentesis (sampling yemvura inovaka yakatenderedza mapapu)

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, chidimbu chetishu chinobviswa mumapapu ako kuti uongororwe pasi pe microscope. Izvi zvinonzi biopsy. Pane nzira dzinoverengeka dzekuita izvi:

• Bronchoscopy inosanganiswa ne biopsy
• CT-scan-inotungamirwa tsono biopsy
• Endoscopic esophageal ultrasound (EUS) ine biopsy
• Mediastinoscopy ine biopsy
• Vhura mapapu biopsy
• Pleural biopsy

Kana iyo biopsy inoratidza gomarara, mimwe miedzo yekufungidzira inoitwa kuti uwane danho rekenza. Stage zvinoreva kukura kwaro bundu uye nekupararira kwarakaita. Kugadzira matanho kunobatsira kutungamira kurapwa uye kuteedzera uye kunokupa iwe zano reizvo zvaunotarisira.

Kurapa kwekenza yemapapu kunoenderana nerudzi rwegomarara, kukura kwarakaita, uye hutano hwako.

• Kuvhiya kubvisa bundu kunogona kuitwa kana isina kupararira kupfuura lymph node dzepedyo.
• Chemotherapy inoshandisa mishonga kuuraya cancer maseru uye kumisa maseru matsva kubva mukukura.
• Radiation therapy inoshandisa masimba x-ray kana mamwe mafomu e radiation kuuraya cancer maseru.

Mishonga iri pamusoro inogona kuitwa yega kana musanganiswa. Wako mupi anogona kukuudza zvakawanda nezve chaiyo marapirwo auchazogamuchira, zvinoenderana nerumwe rudzi rwekenza yemapapu uye danho ripi.

Unogona kudzikisira kushushikana kwehurwere nekujoinha boka rekutsigira gomarara. Kugovana nevamwe vane zvakajairika zviitiko uye matambudziko zvinogona kukubatsira kuti usazonzwa kusurukirwa.

Kunyatsoita kwaunoita kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekenza yemapapu yakapararira.

Fonera mupiki wako kana iwe uine zviratidzo zvegomarara remapapu, kunyanya kana uchisvuta.

Kana iwe uchisvuta, ino ndiyo nguva yekurega. Kana iwe uchinetseka kurega, taura nemupi wako. Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekukubatsira kurega, kubva kumapoka ekutsigira kusvika kumishonga yekunyorera. Uyezve, edza kudzivisa utsi hwefodya.

Gomarara - mapapu

• Kuvhiyiwa kwemapapu - kubuda

Araujo LH, Nyanga L, Merritt RE, et al. Kenza yemapapu: isiri-diki kenza yemapapu kenza uye diki maseru kenza kenza. Mune: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 69.

Gillaspie EA, Lewis J, Leora Horn L. Kenza yemapapu. Mune: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, eds. Conn Yazvino Therapy 2020. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier 2020: 862-871.

National Cancer Institute webhusaiti. Asiri-madiki maseru emapapu kurapwa kenza (PDQ) - hutano nyanzvi vhezheni. www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq. Yakagadziridzwa May 7, 2020. Yakasvika muna Chikunguru 14, 2020.

National Cancer Institute webhusaiti. Mudiki maseru emapapu kurapwa kenza (PDQ) - hutano nyanzvi vhezheni. www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq. Yakagadziridzwa Kurume 24, 2020. Yakasvika muna Chikunguru 14, 2020.

Silvestri GA, Pastis NJ, Tanner NT, Jett JR. Clinical zvinhu zvekenza yemapapu. Mune: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, eds. Murray naNadel Chinyorwa cheRefiratory Medicine. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chits.