Neonatal kuwedzera uremu uye chikafu

Vacheche vasati vazvarwa vanoda kupihwa chikafu chinovaka muviri saka vanokura padanho riri padhuze nerevacheche vachiri mudumbu.

Vacheche vanozvarwa pasingasviki makumi matatu nemasere ekuberekwa (nguva isati yakwana) vane zvido zvakasiyana zvekudya pane vana vanozvarwa panguva yakazara (mushure memasvondo makumi matatu nemasere).

Vacheche vasati vazvarwa vanowanzo gara mukamuri rekubereka rinotakura (NICU). Ivo vanotariswa zvakanyanya kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti vari kuwana chiyero chakaringana chemvura uye chikafu.

Incubators kana chaiwo anodziya anobatsira vacheche kuchengetedza yavo miviri tembiricha. Izvi zvinoderedza simba rinoshandiswa nevacheche kuti vadziyirwe. Mhepo ine hunyoro inoshandiswa zvakare kuvabatsira kuchengetedza tembiricha yemuviri uye kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwemvura.

NYAYA DZOKUDYA

Vacheche vanozvarwa pamberi pemasvondo makumi matatu nemasere kusvika makumi matatu neshanu kazhinji vane matambudziko ekudyisa kubva mubhodhoro kana pazamu. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ivo havasati vakura zvakakwana kuti vabatanidze kuyamwa, kufema, uye kumedza.

Zvimwe zvirwere zvinogonawo kukanganisa kugona kwemwana achangoberekwa kudya nemuromo. Zvimwe zvacho zvinosanganisira:

• Matambudziko ekufema
• Low oxygen mazinga
• Zvinetso zvekutenderera
• Utachiona hweropa

Vacheche vacheche vanenge vari vadiki kana vanorwara vangangoda kuwana chikafu uye zvinwiwa kuburikidza nemutsinga (IV).

Sezvo pavanenge vachisimba, vanogona kutanga kuwana mukaka kana fomula kuburikidza nehubhu inopinda mudumbu kuburikidza nemhino kana muromo. Izvi zvinonzi gavage kudyisa. Huwandu hwemukaka kana fomura hwakawedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma, kunyanya kune vacheche vasati vasvika. Izvi zvinoderedza njodzi yehutachiona hutachiona hunodaidzwa kuti necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Vacheche vanopihwa mukaka wevanhu kashoma kuti vawane NEC.

Vacheche vasina kusvika nguva isati yakwana (vanozvarwa mushure memasvondo makumi matatu nemasere kusvika makumi matatu nemanomwe ekubata) kazhinji vanogona kupihwa bhodhoro kana zamu raamai. Vana vasati vasvika vanogona kuva nenguva iri nyore nekuyamwisa kupfuura kudyisa bhodhoro pakutanga. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kuyerera kubva muhombodo kunonetsa kwavari kuti vatonge uye vanogona kudzipwa kana kumira kufema. Nekudaro, ivo vanogona zvakare kuve nematambudziko ekuchengetedza kukweva kwakakodzera pazamu kuti vawane mukaka wakaringana kuzadzisa zvido zvavo. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kunyange vakwegura vasati vasvika vacheche vangada gavage feedings mune dzimwe nguva.

ZVOKUDYA ZVINODIWA

Preterm vacheche vane nguva yakaoma yekuchengetedza yakakwana mvura chiyero mumiviri yavo. Vacheche ava vanogona kushaya mvura kana kuwedzerwa-kuwedzerwa mvura. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kune vacheche vasati vasvika.

• Vacheche vasati vasvika vanogona kurasikirwa nemvura yakawanda kuburikidza neganda kana nzira yekufema pane vacheche vanozvarwa panguva yakazara.
• Itsvo mumwana asati azvarwa hadzina kukura zvakakwana kudzora huwandu hwemvura mumuviri.
• Dare reNICU rinotarisa kuti vacheche vangani vasati vasvika (nekuyera manapukeni avo) kuve nechokwadi chekuti yavo yemvura inodya uye weti kuburitsa zvakaenzana.
• Kuongororwa kweropa kunoitwawo kuongorora huwandu hwemagetsi.

Mukaka wevanhu kubva kuna amai vemwana chaiye ndiye wakanakira vacheche vanozvarwa vachiri vadiki uye pahuremu hwakaderera chaizvo.

• Mukaka wevanhu unogona kudzivirira vacheche kubva kuzvirwere uye kamwe kamwe kacheche kufa syndrome (SIDS) pamwe neNEC.
• MaNICU mazhinji anopa mukaka wemukaka kubva kubhangi remukaka kune vacheche vane njodzi huru vasingakwanise kuwana mukaka wakakwana kubva kuna amai vavo.
• Special preterm mafomula anogona zvakare kushandiswa. Aya mafomula ane akawedzera calcium uye mapuroteni kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekukura kwevana vasati vasvika.
• Vakwegura preterm vacheche (makumi matatu nemasere kusvika makumi matatu mavhiki ekubata) vanogona kuchinjirwa kune yakajairwa fomula kana fomu yechinjo.

Vana vasati vazvarwa havana kunge vari muchibereko kwenguva yakareba zvakakwana kuti vagadzire zvinovaka muviri zvavanoda uye vanofanirwa kutora zvinowedzera.

• Vacheche vanopihwa mukaka wemukaka vangangoda chinowedzerwa chinonzi mukaka wemunhu chinosimbisa chakasanganiswa mukudya kwavo Izvi zvinovapa mamwe mapuroteni, macalorie, iron, calcium, uye mavitamini. Vacheche vanodyiswa fomula vangangoda kutora zvinowedzera zveimwe michero, kusanganisira mavitamini A, C, uye D, uye folic acid.
• Vamwe vacheche vachazoda kuramba vachitora zvekuwedzera zvekudya kana vabva muchipatara. Nezve kuyamwisa vacheche, izvi zvinogona kureva bhodhoro kana maviri emukaka wemukaka wakasimbiswa pazuva pamwe nesimbi uye vhitamini D zvinowedzera. Vamwe vacheche vachada kuwedzerwa kupfuura vamwe. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira vacheche vasingakwanise kutora huwandu hwakakwana hwemukaka kuburikidza nekuyamwisa kuti vawane macalorie avanoda kuti akure zvakanaka.
• Mushure mekudya kwega kwega, vacheche vanofanirwa kuita sevanogutsikana. Ivo vanofanirwa kuve ne8 kusvika ku10 feedings uye angangoita matanhatu kusvika masere manapukeni manyoro zuva rega rega. Mvura ine mvura kana maropa kana kurutsa nguva dzose kunogona kuratidza dambudziko.

Kurema kunowanikwa

Kurera huremu kunoongororwa zvakanyanya kuvana vese. Vana vasati vazvarwa vane kukura kunonoka vanoita kunge vane kunonoka kukura mukutsvagisa zvidzidzo.

• MuNICU, vacheche vanoyerwa zuva rega rega.
• Zvakajairika kuti vacheche vadzikire uremu mumazuva ekutanga ehupenyu. Mazhinji ekurasikirwa uku uremu hwemvura.
• Vazhinji vacheche vasati vasvika vanofanirwa kutanga kuwana huremu mukati memazuva mashoma ekuberekwa.

Iyo inodiwa uremu kunoenderana nehukuru hwemwana uye zera rekubata. Vana vanorwara vangangoda kupihwa macalorie akawanda kuti vakure pamwero waunoda.

• Zvinogona kunge zvidiki semagiramu mashanu pazuva remucheche mudiki pamasvondo makumi maviri nemana, kana magiramu makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu pazuva remwana muhombe pamasvondo makumi matatu nematatu.
• Kazhinji, mucheche anofanirwa kuwana chingangoita kota yeunzi (30 gramu) zuva rega rega pondo imwe neimwe (1/2 kilogiramu) yavanorema. (Izvi zvakaenzana nemagiramu gumi nemashanu pakirogiramu pazuva. Ndiwo mwero wepakati apo fetus inokura mukati memwedzi mitatu yechitatu).

Vacheche vasati vazvarwa havabve muchipatara kudzamara vawana huremu zvakadzikama uye muchivhurika chakavhurika pane chinofukidza. Zvimwe zvipatara zvine mutemo wekuti mwana anorema zvakadii asati aenda kumba, asi izvi zvava kushomeka. Kazhinji, vacheche vanenge vangangoita mapaundi mana (2 kilograms) vasati vagadzirira kubuda muiyo incubator.

Chikafu chitsva; Zvido zvinovaka muviri - vacheche vasati vasvika

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